Zhang Ailing

Zhang Ailing

Zhang Ailing (from September 30, 1920 to September 1, 1995) was born in Shanghai, a modern Chinese female writer. Her original name was Zhang Min and her pen name was Liang Jing. Her ancestral home was Fengrun, Hebei Province. He began to write novels at the age of 7 and published works in school journals and magazines at the age of 12. From 1943 to 1944, he wrote and published such novels as agarwood chips, the first incense, agarwood chips, the second incense, jasmine tablets, love in the city, red rose and white rose. In 1955, Eileen Chang settled in the United States and wrote many English novels, but only one was published. After 1969, he mainly engaged in the research of classical novels and wrote the collection of the dream of Red Mansions. He died in Los Angeles in September 1995 at the age of 75. There is a complete works of Zhang Ailing.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhang Ailing, born in Shanghai, was born on September 19, 1920 (the date of birth written on Zhang Ailing's American green card, American marriage certificate and death certificate is September 30). The school registration document may be incorrect). Li Kaidi, guardian of Hong Kong, was registered on August 28, 1939.

Zhang Ailing was born on September 30, 1920 in a declining aristocratic mansion in the Western District of Shanghai public concession. Zhang Ailing has a distinguished family. Her grandfather, Zhang Peilun, was a famous official in the late Qing Dynasty, and her grandmother, Li juou, was the eldest daughter of Li Hongzhang, an important official in the imperial court. His father, Zhang TingZhong (Zhang Zhiyi), is a young master of the type of orphans, and his mother, Huang Yifan (Huang suqiong), is a new-type woman.

In 1923, his father got an English secretary position in Jinpu Railway Bureau. His parents and Aunt Zhang MaoYuan moved from Shanghai to Tianjin.

In 1924, she began private school education. Her mother and aunt went to Europe to study, and Zhang Ailing was under the care of her aunt.

In 1927, while reading poems and reciting scriptures in private school, he began to write novels. The first novel is about a family tragedy. The second novel is about a girl's lovelorn suicide and a utopian novel happy village.

In 1928, my father took Zhang Ailing's sister and brother back to Shanghai from Tianjin. He began to learn painting, English and piano, and began to read such classical literary works as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, journey to the west, seven heroes and five Yi.

In 1930, at her mother's insistence, she entered the Huang's primary school run by the American church and enrolled in the sixth grade. At the same time, she changed her name to Eileen Chang. In the same year, her parents agreed to divorce and Zhang Ailing lived with her father.

In 1931, he wrote the first novel with complete plot in primary school and circulated it among his classmates. In the autumn of the same year, she entered Shanghai Santa Maria girls' school.

In 1932, the short story "unfortunate she" was published for the first time in the 12th issue of Phoenix algae, the Journal of St. Mary's girls' school. From time to time, reading reviews and other articles were published in newspapers and magazines such as Guoguang outside the school.

In 1933, he published his first essay "Twilight" in the magazine "Phoenix algae" of St. Mary's girls' school, and began to learn to write old poems with his father. Later, he published articles such as autumn rain, cattle, farewell my concubine and on the future of cartoon.

In the summer of 1937, she graduated from St. Mary's school for girls.

At the end of 1938, he took the far east entrance examination of the University of London.

Enter the literary world

In 1939, Eileen Cheung was admitted to the University of London, but because of the fierce war, she was unable to make the trip and changed to the Department of literature of the University of Hong Kong. Soon after, her first work, a dream of genius, was published in the west wind monthly.

In 1942, due to the outbreak of the Pacific War, the University of Hong Kong was suspended, and Eileen Chang failed to graduate. Later, she returned to Shanghai with her friend Yan Ying and applied for St. John's University in Shanghai. However, she was not admitted because she failed in Chinese. So he began to write for English magazines such as the times and the 20th century.

In 1943, Zhang Ailing published the novel "the first incense of eaglewood chip" in "violet", which made Zhang Ailing become famous in the literary world of Shanghai. Since then, Zhang Ailing has published a series of novels and essays, such as the second incense of agaric chips, jasmine scented tablets, Shanghai people after all, Heart Sutra, love in the city, and so on.

In the early spring of 1944, Zhang Ailing met Hu Lancheng for her novel blockade. Soon after, he married him. However, the marriage lasted only two years. This fruitless marriage is not only an unusual experience in Zhang Ailing's life, but also an experience that she suffered from criticism. In the same year, Zhang Ailing not only wrote flowers wither, hongluanxi, red rose and white rose, but also published the most important novel collection legend and prose collection gossip in her life, and published her own article in bitter bamboo in response to Fu Lei's criticism. Therefore, Zhang Ailing also flourished in the literary world of Shanghai.

In 1947, Eileen Chang was invited to write the screenplays long live my wife and not love.

In 1951, Zhang Ailing published the novel eighteen spring under the pseudonym of "Liang Jing".

In 1952, Eileen Cheung went to Hong Kong to work in the Hong Kong Office of the US information agency.

In 1954, Zhang Ailing's two political novels Yangge and love in the red land were serialized in today's world.

Living in America

In the autumn of 1955, Zhang Ailing went to the United States on the cruise ship "President Cleveland".

In February 1956, he moved to New England and met American playwright Leia. In August, he met Leia and married him half a year later. They lived together until Leiya died in 1967.

In 1958, he was funded by Hartford Foundation in Huntington, California for half a year. He specialized in writing in California, published the novel the May 4th Incident, and wrote plays such as "love is like a battlefield", "peach blossom", "both men and money" for Hongkong Dianmao film company.

In 1961, at the invitation of Hong Kong Dianmao film company, Zhang Ailing went to Taiwan to collect information, and then went to Hong Kong to write screenplays "a dream of Red Mansions", "peace between the north and the South" and their sequels "a family between the north and the South", "little children" and "an unforgettable song". After returning to the United States, she also wrote "happy meeting between the north and the South".

In 1962, Eileen Chang published her Taiwan visit Chronicle "back to the front" in the English magazine reporter.

In 1966, Eileen Chang rewrote the old novella the golden lock into the novel "complaining girl", which was serialized in Hong Kong's Star Island evening news.

In 1967, Eileen Chang became the resident writer of Redcliffe women's College in New York and began to translate the biography of flowers on the sea.

In 1969, Eileen Chang changed her old work Eighteen Springs to half life and published it in Taiwan. In the same year, he got the knowledge of Professor Chen Shixiang and worked in the center for China Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He continued his research on a dream of Red Mansions and left his post two years later.

Old age

In 1972, Eileen Chang moved to Los Angeles and began to live in seclusion.

In 1973, Eileen Chang published a preliminary review of a dream of Red Mansions in crown. Some of her essays and novels were reprinted by Taiwan.

In 1974, Zhang Ailing published "talking about reading" and "talking about reading postscript" in the supplement of China Times "human world", published "two detailed dreams of Red Mansions" in the crown, and completed the English translation of "biographies of flowers on the sea" (unpublished, later lost due to moving).

In 1976, Zhang Ailing published her second collection of essays, Zhang Kan, and a dream of Red Mansions. From 1977 to 1993, Zhang Ailing successively completed the creation of lust, caution, perplexity and contrast, and published the Critical Anthology of a dream of Red Mansions, nightmare of Red Mansions.

On September 8, 1995, Eileen Chang was found dead at her home in Los Angeles West wood district. She was 75 years old. Lin Shi was appointed as the executor of the will. On September 19, the body was cremated in Rose Hill Cemetery in huizel, Los Angeles. On September 30, the ashes were carried out to sea by Lin Shitong, Zhang Cuo, Gao Quanzhi, Zhang Shaoqian and Xu Yuanxiang and scattered in the Pacific Ocean.

Main achievements

Eileen Chang's main achievement lies in her literary creation. In addition, she has also made some achievements in her academic and translation of foreign works.

literature

novel

Zhang Ailing is a charming writer in the history of modern Chinese literature. Her life's creation involves novels, essays and script reviews, among which novels are the most successful. Zhang Ailing's novels transcend her times. Her novels, no matter in material selection, conception, characterization, narrative structure and language skills, all show her own characteristics and have made outstanding achievements; her novels, no matter in transcending elegance and vulgarity, or in-depth description of marginalized little characters, are incomparable with any other writers in the 1940s. Therefore, her novels can not be attributed to any novel genre, but a unique existence, which has made a unique contribution to the history of Chinese novels. Zhang Ailing has contributed a number of literary works and created a new record of realistic novels, which is of great value in the history of Chinese novels. His achievements are mainly shown in the following aspects

First, it expands the new vision of women's criticism and the new world of women's literature.

Compared with the works of Ding Ling, Bing Xin and other female writers, Zhang Ailing's novels have more distinctive characteristics of feminism. In the 1940s, Zhang Ailing was far away from the mainstream discourse of Anti Japanese and national salvation, and focused on "marriage, love, family, women's setbacks, women's situation - a world full of feminine flavor". His novel "legend" depicts a large group of women living in the patriarchal culture. In modern Chinese female writers, no one, like Zhang Ailing, starts from the female noumenon with a lack of independence in economy and spirit

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Ai Ling