Puyi
Aixinjueluo Puyi
Aixinjueluo Puyi
(February 7, 1906 - October 17, 1967), the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Yao Zhi, Hao Ran. Also known as
Abolishing the emperor in Qing Dynasty
or
Emperor Xuantong
. He is the eldest son of Tsai Feng, the Regent, and the great grandson of minning, the emperor of Daoguang. His mother is Suwan guarjia Youlan. From 1908 to 1912, from July 1, 1917 to July 12, 1917.
In 1911, the revolution of 1911 broke out and the Qing Dynasty was forced to abdicate on February 12, 1912. After the September 18th Incident, he became the puppet emperor of the puppet Manchukuo under the control of the Japanese. He was named Kant (1934-1945), so he was also known as "emperor Kant". On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered. On August 17, Puyi was captured by the Soviet Red Army and brought to the Soviet Union when he was ready to flee in Shenyang. He was escorted back to China in early August 1950 and studied and reformed in Fushun war criminals Management Institute. In 1959, he was granted amnesty according to the amnesty order signed by Liu Shaoqi, President of the people's Republic of China, and later became a member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference. Puyi married four times in his life, and married five women. His last marriage was with Li Shuxian in 1962. Pu Yi's autobiography the first half of my life was published by the mass publishing house in April 1964. His unique dramatic experience has been adapted into film and television works for many times, including the film "the last emperor", which won many awards such as the 1987 Academy Award.
On October 17, 1967, Puyi died of uremia in Beijing at the age of 61. He was first buried in Babaoshan, and then moved to Hualong Royal Cemetery near Chongling (Guangxu Mausoleum) in the Western Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty.
Life of the characters
Chong Ling ascends the throne
Guangxu 32 years (1906) spring 14 was born in Beijing alcohol Pro palace. He is the great grandson of Emperor Daoguang of Xuanzong in the Qing Dynasty, the grandson of Prince Yi Chen and Liu Jia of xiefujin, and the son of Regent zaifeng and Suwan guarjia Youlan of xiefujin. Suwan guaerjia is the daughter of Ronglu, Cixi's confidant. Cixi likes to adopt her in the palace, so she points the guaerjia to zaifeng. When zaifeng's biological mother, Liu Jiashi, had engaged him and told Empress Dowager Cixi. Cixi insisted on pointing out zaifeng's marriage, but Liu Jia's only way was to withdraw Fujin, whose son was engaged. After the "1898 coup", Cixi wanted to abolish Guangxu. Guangxu had no son. On December 24, 1898, Empress Dowager Cixi decided to make "big brother" by Puyi, Zaiyi's son. She would inherit Tongzhi as her successor and Guangxu emperor as her successor. In 1901, Cixi abolished the name "big brother". After the abolition of the title, Cixi became older and older, and Emperor Guangxu had no son. At this time, the relationship between Cixi and Emperor Guangxu was very bad.
In the winter of the 34th year of Guangxu (1908), Emperor zaidian was seriously ill. Empress Dowager Cixi ordered Puyi to be raised in the palace. When the news came, there was a riot in the palace of alcohol king. Puyi's grandmother, Lao Fujin, Liu Jia's family fainted just after hearing the Yizhi brought back by zaifeng. Puyi, the future emperor, won't let the prison take him away. Wang Jiao, Puyi's nursing mother, entered the palace with Puyi in her arms. On November 14, Emperor Guangxu passed away. Empress Dowager Cixi ordered Puyi to inherit the emperor's rule and take over from emperor Zaichun of Tongzhi. At the same time, she also inherited Emperor Guangxu's Yi, one person and two rooms. My grandmother, Empress Dowager Cixi, is the Empress Dowager. On that day, Empress Dowager Cixi died of illness. The surname of Tong Jia, the imperial concubine of Zunfeng wenzongqi, is imperial concubine of huangzuqi Huanggui (imperial concubine duanke), the surname of hesheri, the imperial concubine of Mu Zongyu, the imperial concubine of huangkaoyu (imperial concubine Jingyi), the surname of arut, the imperial concubine of huangkao (imperial concubine Zhuanghe), the surname of Xilin Jue Luo, the imperial concubine of huangkao (imperial concubine Ronghui), and the surname of Tahara, the imperial concubine of Dahang, the imperial concubine of huangkao (imperial concubine duankang) . And issued the imperial edict of emperor Dahang. At this time, Anqing mutiny, was annihilated by the Qing army. In November, the emperor and Empress Dowager of Dahang were awarded a memorial. In the four seasons of the imperial edict, Prince Chun Yin was called "my father, Prince Chun Xian", and di Fu Jin was called "my father, Prince Chun Xian, di Fu Jin". On December 2, Puyi ascended the throne in the hall of Supreme Harmony, with empress Longyu and zaifeng as regents. In the second year, it was changed to Xuantong. Yizhe, the prince of Jiaqing, took the title of Prince and inherited the title of Wangtai, while Zaixun and zataojia were the princes of Bailey. And set up the guard army, ordered Baile zaitou, Yulang, Shangshu Tieliang special management training. Zhang Zhidong was appointed Minister of Sichuan Han railway.
Three years Emperor
In the first month of the first year of Xuantong (1909), Hulunbuir border Kalun was set up. In order to reorganize the Navy, he ordered Prince Su Shanqi, zhenguogong zaizaze, Shangshu Tieliang and Tidu sazhenbing to plan the reorganization of the Navy, and ordered Prince Qing Yizhe to inspect the affairs. He removed Tieliang from office to train the Minister of the Imperial Guard. In February, the imperial edict was issued to prepare for constitutionalism, to avoid ministers and feudal officials from following perfunctory rules and shirking their responsibilities. Chen Baochen, a former cabinet bachelor, was appointed to the Li School of prime minister. In March, Mukden patrol road was abolished again. Taochang and other military roads were added, and Changhai and other military patrol roads were added. Fengshan Haiguan road was changed into Jinxin bingbei road under the supervision of Shanshan customs, and the Eastern Road was changed into Xingfeng bingbei road. In June, Yizhe, Prince Qing, was relieved of the power to manage the affairs of the Army Department. Lu Haihuan was dismissed, with Xu Shichang as the minister in charge of Jinpu railway and Shen yunpei as the deputy. In August, Li Jiaju and other ministers investigated the constitutional system of Japan.
In the first month of the second year of Xuantong (1910), the Alliance launched a new army uprising in Guangzhou, which failed. In February, he issued an edict to let xingeledan chibarobu zangdanba act as the agent of qianzang. After Ge Baohua's death, he transferred Rongqing as Minister of rites and Tang Jingchong as Minister of education. In March, Wang Shizhen was dismissed because of illness and ordered Lei Zhenchun to serve as Jiangbei governor. Revolutionaries Wang Zhaoming (Wang Jingwei), Huang Fusheng and Luo Shixun conspired to assassinate the Regent with explosives. They were arrested and put into prison after being found out. In July, Baylor zaitou made a performance on the results of his inspection of the military and political affairs of various countries. Yu Lang and Xu Shichang were ministers of military aircraft. In September, the opening ceremony of the Council was held, and the Regent Tsai Feng personally went and issued an admonition. In October, the imperial edict was issued at the founding meeting in the fifth year of Xuantong, and Pu Lun and Zai Ze were appointed ministers to compile the constitution. In November, Yizhe, Prince of Qing, asked to be removed from the posts of minister of military aircraft and Foreign Affairs Department of prime minister, and the emperor issued an imperial edict to retain him. The Council asked for an edict for haircut and easy service.
On October 10th of the third year of Xuantong (1911), Wuchang Uprising broke out. The news of Wuchang Uprising came and the Qing government was in a panic. Puyi issued the imperial edict of Sinji. He sent army Minister Chen Chang to lead the Beiyang army to the south, and ordered the navy to drive into the Wuhan river to cooperate with the army. But he did not command the northern army. Yuan Shikai, who is "recuperating from illness", has been closely following the changes of the situation, keeping in touch with Xu Shichang and Duan Qirui, the confidants of Beijing officialdom and Beiyang army, and knowing the political situation like the back of his hand. The victory of the Wuchang Uprising aroused the hostility of imperialism, and the ministers of all countries unanimously urged the Qing government to use Yuan Shikai. The Qing government had no choice but to appoint yuan as governor of Huguang, and ordered his supervisors to go south. On the pretext that his feet were not well, Yuan refused to take orders, but secretly manipulated the Beiyang army to delay the war, and proposed to organize a responsible cabinet, give him full power to command the army, and so on, and blackmail the Qing government. The Qing government was forced to summon qiongchang back to Beijing, and appointed yuan as the Prime Minister of the cabinet and controlled the army. Yuan zaizhangde ordered the Beiyang army to attack the revolutionary army. After taking Hankou on November 2, he stood still and arrived in Beijing with his guards. On the 16th, a responsible cabinet was formed, forcing zaifeng to resign as regent of the state. Yuan Shikai took over the power of the government, and then ordered the northern army to attack Hanyang and bombard Wuchang. After the outbreak of the civil war between the north and the south, many provinces in South China announced their separation from the central government of the Qing Dynasty, but the Qing government still controlled several northern provinces. At last, Sun Yat Sen made a secret agreement with Yuan Shikai. If yuan could make Puyi abdicate, he would be the president. Yuan Shikai threatened and persuaded Puyi to abdicate. On the one hand, Yuan Shikai put forward favorable conditions as bait. Representatives of the north south peace conference held five meetings. In addition to discussing the military armistice and the political system, the preferential conditions for Pu Yi's abdication were also agreed. After many negotiations, the two sides reached eight favorable conditions for the Qing Dynasty: after the Qing Dynasty abdicated, they temporarily lived in the official, and later moved to the summer palace; they still used the title of emperor, and the government of the Republic of China treated each other as a foreign monarch; they provided 4 million taels of fees every year; they specially protected the private property of the royal family, and so on.
On February 12, 1912, the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Empress Dowager Longyu issued the abdication edict in the name of empress dowager, and Puyi abdicated. In the abdication edict, it is said that "the psychology of the people of the whole country tends to be Republican today" and "the will of the people is known by destiny. Because of the honor of his surname, Yu Yi He Ren "threatened the likes and dislikes of the people." he specially led the emperor to make the ruling power public in the whole country as a constitutional republic, which was close to comforting the people who were tired of chaos in the sea, and far from helping the ancient sages to do justice in the world. ". The government of the Republic of China negotiated with the Qing Dynasty and reserved many favorable conditions for the royal family. It promised to pay 4 million taels of silver yuan for the Qing Dynasty every year. After the new currency was issued, it was changed to 4 million yuan. The government of the Republic of China agreed to Puyi's temporary residence in the Forbidden City, which is known as "the small imperial court of the poor Qing Dynasty".
Intrauterine life
< sub > master data: < / sub >
< sub > the restoration of Ding Si
During the period of the Forbidden City, although Puyi was the abdicated emperor, he still lived in the Forbidden City. The living expenses were allocated by the government of the Republic of China. He still lived the life of the emperor, and his imperial tea room was still reserved. Therefore, in the luxury of eating, the degree of ostentation is not inferior to the former Emperor's life. On September 10, 1912, the first year of the Republic of China, Empress Dowager Longyu invited a master for Puyi, who was six years old, and began to study. The study was first set up in Zhongnanhai Yingtai Butong study. It was Cixi who put Emperor Guangxu under house arrest
Chinese PinYin : Pu Yi
