Mu Zong of Ming Dynasty

Zhu Zaidi

Zhu Zaidi, Mu Zong of the Ming Dynasty (also known as "Zaidi", see "controversy on name and taboo", March 4, 1537 - July 5, 1572), male, Han nationality, was the twelfth emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He was in power from 1566 to 1572. The third son of emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty was his mother, Princess Dukang.

Zhu Zaidi was granted the title of King Yu in his early years. Because his mother, Princess Du Kang, was out of favor and was not the eldest son, he seldom got the love of his father. Jiajing 45 years (1566) in December ascended the throne, yuanlongqing.

In the early days of his reign, he used Xu Jie, Gao Gong, Chen Yiqin, Zhang Juzheng and other ministers to get rid of the bad politics of the former dynasty, and negotiated peace with the Mongolians, which led to the Longqing peace conference. In the first year of Longqing (1567), the ban on the sea was abolished and private people were allowed to sell goods in the East and the West. Zhu Zaidi had no doubt about his employment, the prosperity of the national movement, the relatively stable society, the economic development, and the great rule at home.

In the sixth year of Longqing (1572), Zhu Zaidi died of illness in Qianqing palace

Mu Zong

His posthumous title is Qi Tianlong, Dao Yuanyi, Kuanren, Wen Guangwu, Chunde, Hongxiao

Emperor Zhuang

. Buried in Zhaoling, the Ming Tombs.

Life of the characters

Young Yuwang

Zhu Zaidi was born on the 23rd day of the first month of the 16th year of Jiajing (March 4, 1537). He was the third son of Zhu Houdi, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, and his mother was Princess Dukang.

In February 1539, Emperor Shizong appointed his second son Zhu Zaidi as the crown prince, his third son Zhu Zaidi as king Yu, and his fourth son Zhu Zaizhen as king Jing. In March of the 28th year of Jiajing (1549), Zhu Zaidi, the crown prince, became the crown prince. As the second son of emperor Shizong, Zhu Zaiye, was not appointed as the crown prince for a long time. At the same time, Shizong superstitious "two dragons do not meet" theory, to Zhu Zaidi extremely indifferent.

In February of the 32nd year of Jiajing (1553), both Yu and Jing left the palace and lived in the imperial palace. Zhu Zaizhen, the king of Shijing, was favored by his father and high-profile luxury, while Zhu Zaizhen was cautious and cautious. The court also divided into the Yongjing school headed by Yan Song and the Yongyu school headed by Xu Jie.

In 1560, Guo Xiyan, a minister of state, wrote a letter to Jianchu, angered Shizong and was executed. Emperor Shizong ordered King Jing Zhu Zaizhen to live in Anlu in February of the next year in order to put an end to the discussion between the government and the public. In the first month of the 44th year of Jiajing (1565), Zhu Zaizhen died, and Zhu Zaizhen became the de facto prince.

Implement the new deal

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< sub > Longqing New Deal

In December 1566, Emperor Shizong died. Zhu Zaidi, king of Yu, ascended to the throne and changed his name to Longqing. After Zhu Zaidi ascended the throne, he immediately corrected his father's malpractice, summoned all the ministers who had been convicted by words before, and accepted the dead ministers. After that, all the alchemists were paid to the Secretary to discuss the crime. The previous Taoist rituals were all stopped, and half of the Tianfu in the next year and all the arrears before the 43rd year of Jiajing were exempted. At the same time, Shizong stopped the Ming Rui sect which was forced to perform for the name of Bo Xiaoming ）In autumn, the emperor's father should be sacrificed together. As a result, the name of the Ming Taizong temple was changed to Ming Chengzu.

Zhu Zaidi made use of Xu Jie, Li Chunfang, Gao Gong and other cabinet aides to solve the problem of "South Japanese and North Japanese prisoners" that had plagued the Korean government for many years. He adopted the suggestions of Gao Gong, Zhang Juzheng and other cabinet scholars, and negotiated peace with the Mongolian Khan, which was for Longqing peace conference.

In the first year of Longqing (1567), Zhu Zaidi announced the abolition of the sea ban, allowing private people to sell goods in the East and the West.

The new deal of Longqing was the Chengping period during Zhu Zaidi's reign. Zhu Zaidi was thrifty and trusted the assistant ministers of the cabinet. He didn't restrain them, but he couldn't stop the strife between them. This is also related to his kind and mediocre character.

She died of being a woman

Zhu Zaidi's overindulgence and long-term use of aphrodisiac made it difficult for him to support his health. In March of the sixth year of Longqing (1572), Zhu Zaidi was critically ill. After two months of recuperation, he went to court again, but suddenly he was dizzy and couldn't support him and went back to the palace.

According to historical records, Zhu Zaidi spent two months recuperating in the third month of the sixth year of Longqing (1572) because he had too much sex with his concubine. But as soon as he sat down in the hall, he became dizzy and his hands trembled, so that he could not stay in bed again.

In May 1572, after Zhu Zaidi was ill, he brought Gao Gong, Zhang Juzheng and Gao Yi to make a will: "the imperial edict and the crown prince. I don't care, Emperor. As a matter of etiquette, we should ask for it. You should follow the guidance of the three assistant ministers and the Department of rites and supervisors, study and cultivate morality, use the talents to make use of their abilities, and keep the emperor's career On the 26th of the same month (July 5), Zhu Zaidi died in Qianqing Palace at the age of 36. Later, he was given the posthumous title of Qi Tianlong, Dao Yuanyi, Kuan Ren, Xianwen, Guangwu, Chunde, Hong, Emperor Xiaozhuang, and the temple name of Mu Zong. He was buried in Zhaoling, Changping, Beijing.

Political initiatives

Politics

After Zhu Zaidi ascended the throne, he relied on Gao Gong, Chen Yiqin, Zhang Juzheng and other former officials in his hidden residence. He changed his father's practice during the reign of Ming Shizong and carried out a new policy to revive the government. He changed the malpractice, that is, to redress unjust imprisonment. He declared that "from 1521 to December 1566, the 16th year of Zhengde, he admonished and offended the officials.", There is no record. < li > < li > after all the feasts, the plaques erected in dagaoxuan hall, Guoming Pavilion, Yuxi palace and other pavilions in Xiyuan were removed, and the additional sects, weaving and purchasing of some of them were stopped. < / Li > < li > we should strengthen the investigation of officials, even the officials of the royal family who are not generally investigated are also included in the investigation. Honest and clean government officials were rewarded and promoted, corrupt officials were removed from their posts, "the Ministry and the people's court listed the crimes of those who had stolen a lot of works and punished them.". < li > < li > to avoid relief and reduce the suffering of the people after the disaster. In order to prevent land annexation and restrict land use, the system of decreasing the number of lineages of Xunqi was established, which included clearing land, checking the money and grain sent by the government, spending and distributing money and grain, and Royal Xunqi farm. As soon as Zhu Zaidi came to power, he arrested Wang Jin, Liu Wenbin and others, whom Shizong trusted and adored, and sentenced them to death. He hated the evil deeds of Fangshi's disordering the country and wasting money for a long time, so as soon as he came to power, he executed these big thieves without mercy. At the same time, I appreciate those loyal ministers, such as Hai Rui and Zhu Zaidi, who dared to offend the emperor in the Jiajing Dynasty. Instead of pursuing Hai Rui's disrespect for his father, they released him, restored him to his original position, and soon promoted him to Dali temple.

In the Ming Dynasty, the party struggle, especially the cabinet struggle, began in the Longqing Dynasty. At the beginning of Mu Zong's accession to the throne, Xu Jie, a bachelor, was in charge of the cabinet and could not suppress other cabinet members. Therefore, some people in the cabinet were dissatisfied with him, represented by Guo Pu and Gao Gong. The high arch supported by Xu Jie finally pushed away Xu Jie. After that, Zhang Juzheng, a new cabinet minister, was at odds with Gao Gong, who was proud of his talent. The relationship between cabinet ministers was tense, and the party struggle became more and more serious. Zhu Zaidi himself could not stop the strife between cabinet aides.

Economics

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< sub > Longqing switch

In the first year of Longqing (1567), Tu Zemin, governor of Fujian Province, wrote: "please open up foreign trade and change private selling into public selling.". In the near future, Fuyue port of Zhangzhou, Fujian Province (now Haicheng, Fujian Province) was opened, and Haicheng county was set up with Yuegang as its governing seat, and a salary office was set up to manage private overseas trade and collect taxes. The main contents of the management of private overseas trade by the ratepayer's office are as follows: vessels engaged in sea trade are not allowed to carry prohibited articles; vessels are mainly required to collect ship guides from the ratepayer's office and pay taxes. In addition, trade with Japan is still prohibited, and all ships going to sea are not allowed to go to Japan. If you go there without permission, you will be punished with the crime of "communicating with Japanese.".

In the same year, Zhu Zaidi announced the lifting of the sea ban, the adjustment of overseas trade policy, allowing private people to sell far east and West, known as the "Longqing switch". The private overseas trade has gained a legal status, and the private overseas trade in southeast coastal areas has entered a new period. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a relatively comprehensive situation of opening up.

Although there are still many management and restrictions, and the open Yuegang port is only a small port, private overseas trade has been recognized by the imperial court. As long as the government's management restrictions are observed, private overseas trade will be regarded as legal operation. Due to the partial and limited adjustment of policies and systems, the nongovernmental and private overseas trade got rid of the illegal situation of smuggling, began to carry out conditionally and openly, developed normally, and quickly played a positive role.

Wang YuXun, a Chinese scholar, believes that from 1567 to 1644, the total amount of silver flowing into the Ming Dynasty from abroad was about 330 million taels, equivalent to one third of the total amount of silver produced in the world at that time.

Zhu Zaidi did not doubt that the credit minister played an important role in making the first ten years of the Longqing Dynasty and the Wanli Dynasty the prosperous period of the Ming Dynasty. During this period, the society was relatively stable, and the economy had a significant change compared with the Jiajing Dynasty, which played an important role in the transition of the Ming Dynasty to a prosperous period.

military

During the Jiajing period, the problem of Japanese pirates was the most serious. At this time, the once open coastal prohibition had to be tightened again. However, after Qi Jiguang, Tan Lun, Yu Dayou, Tang Shunzhi and others trained the new army and fought bravely, when Zhu Zaidi ascended the throne, the Japanese pirates along the sea were basically eliminated, and the whole southeast region entered a peaceful era.

After Zhu Zaidi ascended the throne, he was forbidden to switch on and off, and adopted the policy of sympathizing with businessmen and switching on and off,

Chinese PinYin : Ming Mu Zong