Liu Shu

Liu Shu

Liu Shu (1032-1078), originally named Daoyuan, was born in Junzhou (now Gao'an, Jiangxi Province). He was born in the first year of Mingdao (1032) of song Renzong and died in the first year of Yuanfeng (1078) of Shenzong. He was 47 years old.

Liu Shu is one of the Deputy editors of Zizhitongjian. His father Liu Huan is good at historiography, and Liu Shu is also famous for his historiography.

Main impact

Liu Shu, zidaoyuan, was born in Junzhou. Father Huan word congealed, for Yingshang order, to straight can't do Shangguan, abandon. Home in the sun of Lushan, when 50 years old. Ouyang Xiu and Huan, the same year Jinshi also, Gaoqi Festival, write "Lushan high" poetry to beauty. Huan lived in Lushan Mountain for more than 30 years, surrounded by desolate, porridge for food, and wandering outside of the dust, aloof no Qi Qi Yi, to die.

If you don't understand, you can read the book. When he was eight years old, he said that Confucius had no brothers, so he said, "with his brother's son and his wife." It's amazing. In the 13th year of the Qing Dynasty, when he wanted to apply for the system, he returned to the Han and Tang books. Pay a visit to Prime Minister Yan Shu, ask with the matter, repeatedly heckle, can't be right. When I was at the time of Julu, I summoned him to the mansion and paid attention to the ceremony. I told him the spring and Autumn Annals, and I was very close to the commander-in-chief. There are only a few dozen people who can preach the Scriptures, but only a few of them have answered the edict. I'll take Chunqiu and the book of rites as examples. First, I'll list the annotations, second, I'll quote the different theories of Confucianism, and finally, I'll take my own mind. All the twenty questions are right, and I'll be promoted first. He also entered the higher education, but failed in the imperial examination. He went to the imperial examination to preach the Scriptures, and returned to the first place, so he was granted the second place. He transferred the book of the great deer and the order of Hechuan, and made it strong. For a time, he thought that he was inferior to the competent officials. I'm sorry, but I'm anxious. When the sheriff was impeached for offending, all his subordinates were sent to prison. They were forgiven for their wives. They were like their own flesh and blood, and they were slandered by Shen Wenjun.

From taishigongshu's records to the end of Zhou Xiande's, from biographies to private records, we can see all kinds of things. In thousands of years, we can see all kinds of things. Sima Guang compiled Zizhitongjian, which was ordered by Yingzong to select the talents in the pavilion to build together. The light said to him, "there are many literati in Guange literature. As for those who specialize in historiography, Liu Shu is the only one who knows. That is to say, he was called to be a bureaucrat. When there were many mistakes in history, he was always excused. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it is the most detailed to study the difference.

Wang Anshi had an old relationship with it and wanted to introduce the regulations of the third division. I'm sorry to say that I don't study the Golden Valley. It's said that the emperor belongs to the great government. It's better to restore the way of Zhang Yao and Shun to assist the Mingzhu instead of putting benefit first. Those who do not agree with the public's wishes are advised to restore their old ways, and even stab them in the face. Or many people sit down and resist, saying that there is no way to avoid their loss, so they have nothing to do with it. Fang Anshi's use of things makes his breath a blessing or a curse. Those who speak highly of things are those who are different from each other and attach them to the end, those who face fame and destroy them, and those who speak well but are not. I'm not afraid of it. I don't know what's going on.

As soon as you know Yongxing army, you will be forgiven for being close to the old. You will ask the Nankang army to drink to support you. Then you will be an official to study. I'm sorry to ask you to leave for a few months. When the Tao gets wind contracture, his right hand and foot are useless. However, he studies hard as before. When he is young, he often practices calligraphy, and his illness stops. Official to Secretary Cheng, died, 47 years old.

Character evaluation

Liu Shu, as a scholar, took evidence from calendar, Di Li, official position, family name, and official documents of previous dynasties. The book is not far away for hundreds of miles. I read it and copy it. I almost forget to eat and sleep. Traveling with Sima Guang in Wan'an mountain, there is a tablet beside the road. Reading it, it is the general of the Five Dynasties. If you are not well-known, I'm sorry to say that you can always go back to the old history and believe it. In the Song Dynasty, Bozhou was known by Taoism. There were many books at home, so I would like to borrow them. On the second day of the Tao, the food was served as the host's gift. I said, "this is not what I do. It's not what I do." I'm sorry to hear that. Only closed Pavilion, day and night oral recitation handwritten, stay for ten days, do its book and go, eyes for the Yi. He wrote the annals of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, which is based on the spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms. He also adopted the current events from ancient times to King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty, which are not recorded in historical records and Zuo's biography.

The family is poor, and there is no way to be willing, and there is nothing wrong with others. Since Luonan, when the winter, no cold with. Sima Guang left his clothes, stockings and umbilicus mattress, but he was forced to accept them and leave them. He went to Ying and returned them. You don't believe in Fu Tu's saying that there must be nothing. He said, "if you live against the tide, you can't be short of anything. If you go away, you will abandon it. How can you let yourself go?" He likes to attack people's evils. He has 20 mistakes and 18 concealments in his life when he litigates himself. His writing is self alarming, and he can't change it in the end.

Seven years after his death, Tongjian was completed and his labor was recorded. His son Xizhong was named zhailang of Jiaoshe. The second son and Zhong Youchao are famous for their elegant poems. They are keen to make their own family. They are chivalrous and die.

Life of the characters

Liu Shu was a Jinshi in the first year of emperor you's reign (1049). He was an official in Wengyuan County of Hechuan. In the third year of Zhiping (1066), Yingzong ordered Sima Guang to compile Zizhitongjian. Sima Guang recommended Liu Shu to be a fellow practitioner and turned to be a writer. Sima Guang, chief editor of Zizhitongjian, handed it over to Liu Shu when there are many mistakes in history. At that time, there were three deputy chief editors assisting Sima Guang, one was Liu Shu, the other was Liu Yu and the other was fan Zuyu. In the Han Dynasty, it was divided into three parts, Liu Shu from the Three Kingdoms to the northern and Southern Dynasties, and fan Zuyu in the Tang Dynasty. (he is 49 years old. Shao Yingwu, a famous scholar in the history of the Song Dynasty, read and read. Not weak crown, give Jinshi, Li official Secretary Cheng. He was good at historiography, and Sima Guang was good at writing and managing. When there were many mistakes and difficult to manage, he often asked for forgiveness. If Wang Anshi wants to introduce the regulations of the third division into practice, he will be forgiven for not practicing Jin Sha. Therefore, it is appropriate to restore Zhang Yao and Shun to assist the Ming emperor, and wealth should not be the first. Anshi changed his color, so many Qu Xun told him to return home and died at home. Shu has written anthology and tongwaiji Siku Zongmu, which has been handed down to the world.

Liu Shu has been very intelligent since he was a child, and reading makes reading become reading. When he was eight years old, a guest said that Confucius had no brothers. He immediately cited the sentence "to his brother's son and wife" in the Analects of Confucius. Everyone was surprised. It can be seen that he was already familiar with the classics when he was young. When he was 13 years old, he wanted to take the examination. Once he paid a visit to Prime Minister Yan Shu and asked him for advice. Even the famous poet was questioned. In the first year of emperor (1049), 18-year-old Liu Shudeng became a scholar. At that time, the emperor had an imperial edict, and only a few dozen candidates could give lectures. Zhao Zhouhan, the chief examiner, asked Liu Shu some 20 questions about the spring and Autumn Annals and the book of rites. He answered them like a stream. He first talked about the annotations, then listed the different views of the Early Confucians, and finally expressed his own opinions. The examiner was so surprised that he was promoted to the first place. Other articles were also listed as advanced, but he failed in the imperial examination, so he was asked to go to Guozijian to give lectures on scriptures, and was ranked first again. For a time, he was famous and looked forward to the prosperity of the capital. In April of the third year of Zhiping (1066), Sima Guang began to compile Zizhitongjian. Yingzong ordered him to choose the talents of the library and pavilion as his assistant. Liu Shu was selected first and moved to work as Zuo Lang, specializing in the history Bureau. Later, Sima Guang, because of his firm opposition to Wang Anshi's political reform, went out to know Yongxing army. Liu Shu also offended Wang Anshi and asked to go to Nankang (now Xingzi) to supervise the liquor tax and support his parents. In the last years of Xining, Liu Shu was appointed secretary Cheng, who gave him five kinds of clothes and ordered him to study at home. In September of the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Liu Shu died of wind contracture at the age of 47. His father Liu Huan buried him in the west of Xingzi City. In November 1092, his son Xizhong moved him to Longquan, Dehua County, Jiangzhou, and asked Huang Tingjian, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, to write an epitaph. Huang Tingjian wrote in Liu Daoyuan's epitaph: Daoyuan's natural intelligence is swift, he can read books all over the world without beauty or evil. Since the signing of the contract, the success or failure of the rebellion, the talent of the people, the astronomy and geography clan, the oral talk and hand painting, and the records of the hundred families can be covered without fallacy. At the beginning of his official career, he was eighteen years old. He was well-known among all the officials, but he was not willing to compromise with his subordinates. He was short-sighted and didn't avoid the nobility. All the officials were based on his name, which was not good either. For the officials to be strong, the old traitors to stay in the negative, will be pain rope governance, for a time as an able official, many think it is inferior.

Liu Shu is honest and upright, right and wrong. He has no words, and has his father's legacy. He once served as the chief bookkeeper of Julu County and the magistrate of Hechuan county. According to historical records, he was "strict in bookkeeping, restrained petty officials, cared widows and widows, had a cunning and slender rope, which could be the law of later generations". Therefore, for a time, all the capable officials thought they were inferior. Politically, although he was firmly opposed to Wang Anshi's reform, he did not agree with Wang Anshi's reform face to face, slander Wang Anshi's reform behind his back, and talk right and wrong. It is always said that there is no debate about what is right and what is wrong. To those who are simple and kind, he will be like a brother; to those who are treacherous and sycophantic, he will be like a foe. His family was very poor, but he was honest and upright, and did not take anything from others. He was famous as an incorruptible official with Bao Zhengtong, who did not hold a stone inkstone. Once he returned from Luoyang in the early winter, but he didn't have any clothes to protect himself from the cold. Before leaving, Sima Guang gave him several sets of clothes and socks and an old leopard skin mattress. He said goodbye again and again, but Sima Guang insisted on giving it away, so he had to accept it reluctantly. But the next time he arrived in Yingzhou, he would give back all the gifts. Sima Guang was his best friend. He refused to accept some clothes, which showed that he was very honest.

Liu Shu was not only honest and diligent in politics, but also well read in history and law. At that time, history books were not urgent for the imperial examination, and most scholars did not read them. Only Liu Shu is good at history, and knows the history of thousands of years, no matter how big or small. Look at the summary of Zhang Lei at that time: "since the contract of letters, his learning has been used to control the country's chaos and the monarch's and minister's world (). As for the names of prefectures, mountains and rivers, as well as the chronology of time and years, he must know what he asks, believe what he studies, and decide what he doubts. His words are like the story of Lu Shi Tang Such a well-informed talent is rare. No wonder Sima Guang highly praised Liu Shu, who was 13 years younger than himself. He once said to Yingzong, "a scholar of literature in Guange."

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