Tao Qian

Tao Qian

Tao Qian (132-194) was named gongzu. Danyang county people. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the minister was one of the heroes.

At first, Tao Qian worked for Zhusheng. He was promoted to maocai and successively served as county magistrate of Shu and Lu, governor of Youzhou and Yilang. He was upright and ambitious. Later, he followed the left cavalry general huangfusong against Beigong Boyu and served as the captain of Yangwu school. Later, he followed Zhang Wenzheng to fight Han Sui and bianzhang. In 188, Tao Qian was appointed governor of Xuzhou by the imperial court. He broke down Xuzhou Huangjin and carried out the policy of opening up farmland to resume production. After that, Wang Lang and Zhao Yu sent envoys to Beijing to pay tribute. They were worshipped by general Anton and Xu zhoumu, and became Marquis of Liyang.

In his later years, Tao Qian was defeated by Cao Cao in the war, and most of Xuzhou was almost destroyed by the disaster of the army, so that he died of overwork. He was sixty-three years old.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Tao Qian's father once served as Yuyao county magistrate. Tao Qian's father died when he was young. When he was young, he was famous for his wild personality in the county. At the age of 14, he used cloth as a battle flag and rode a bamboo horse to play with the children in the countryside. His fellow townsman, Gan Gong, who used to be the governor of Cangwu, met Tao Qian when he went out. Seeing Tao Qian's extraordinary appearance, he called his car to talk with him. He was very happy and married his daughter to Tao Qian. Gan Gong's wife was very angry about this, but Gan Gong said to his wife, "this child has a strange appearance. When he grows up, he will become a great weapon." Later, Tao Qian liked to study. First he was admitted to Zhusheng and became an official in Zhoujun. Then he was promoted to maocai. He worshipped shangshulang and served as magistrate of Shu county and magistrate of Lu county. Later, he moved to Youzhou as a governor and was worshipped as Yilang.

In March of the second year of Zhongping (185), Beigong Boyu and others led qianghu to attack Sanfu. Emperor Ling sent Huangfu song, the general of left chariot, to lead the army to attack. Huangfu song invited the general to accompany him and called Tao Qian as the commander of Yangwu to fight together to defeat the rebels. In July, Huang Fu Song was demoted to be a senior official because he had previously offended Zhao Zhong and Zhang rang.

The imperial court also appointed Sikong Zhang Wen as the general of the cavalry to go to the crusade. Zhang Wen asked Tao Qian to join the army. He met very well, but Tao Qian always despised Zhang Wen's actions and was not satisfied. After the army returned to the court, Tao Qian openly humiliated Zhang Wen at the banquet of officials. Zhang Wen was very angry, intending to move Tao Qian to the border. He was persuaded to recover Tao Qian. Zhang Wen met Tao Qian at the gate of the palace. Tao Qian didn't appreciate him, but Zhang Wen was as good to him as before.

Operating in Xuzhou

In October 188, Qingzhou and Xuzhou returned to attack counties. The imperial court appointed Tao Qian as the governor of Xuzhou to suppress the yellow scarf army. As soon as Tao Qian arrived in Xuzhou, he took Zang Ba and his fellow townsman sun Guan as generals. As a result, the yellow scarf army was defeated in the first World War, and the remaining yellow scarf army was forced to escape from Xuzhou. After the yellow scarf was broken, Tao Qian went up to worship Zang Ba and sun Guan as the captains, and ordered them to govern Kaiyang in Langya county and garrison in the north of Xuzhou.

In the first month of the first year of Chuping (190), Yuan Shao was appointed as the leader of the alliance by the herdsman of Guandong, and the spearhead was directed at Dong Zhuo in Luoyang. At that time, prefectures and counties all over the world responded and promoted righteous soldiers. However, Tao Qian did not join the military action against Dong Zhuo.

In the second year of Chuping (191), Zhu yingtun, a famous general, stationed in Zhongmou County, sent letters to all prefectures and counties, calling for troops to attack Dong Zhuo. When Tao Qian learned about this, he immediately sent 3000 elite soldiers. Other states and counties only sent some soldiers. Tao Qian went up to the table to play as Zhu's acting general.

In April of 1922, Wang Yun and Lu Bu killed Dong Zhuo. Later, Li Xi and Guo Si attacked Chang'an and took control of the government. At that time, Zhu was still in Zhongmou. Tao Qian thought that Zhu was a well-known minister and general. He had made many achievements and could be entrusted with great responsibilities. So he joined Zhou Gan, the former governor of Yangzhou, Yinde, the Prime Minister of langye, Liu Kui, the Prime Minister of Donghai, Ji Lian, the Prime Minister of Pengcheng, Kong Rong, the Prime Minister of Beihai, Yuan Zhong, the Prime Minister of Pei, Ying Shao, the Prime Minister of Taishan, Xu Yao, the Prime Minister of Runan, Fu Qian, the former Prime Minister of Jiujiang, and Zheng Xuan, the doctor, as his Grand Master, and moved to the throne Bo, together with Li Yu and others, welcomed the son of heaven. In December, Li Zhen called Zhu into the court with a plan, and Zhu said goodbye to Tao Qian. When he was called into the court, Tao Qian had to give up.

In 193, Tao Qian sent Zhao Yu to pay tribute to Xiandi to express his support for the Han Dynasty. After receiving Tao Qian's Memorial, Xiandi praised Tao Qian and promoted him to general Mu and Anton of Xuzhou. Zhao Yu was appointed to be the prefect of Guangling and Wang Lang to be the prefect of Kuaiji. In the same year, que Xuan, a native of xiapi, gathered thousands of people and called himself the son of heaven. Tao Qian sent troops to kill him

Get into trouble

At that time, Cao song, the father of Cao Cao and the former Taiwei, was hiding from the war in langye. Cao Cao ordered yingshao, the Taishan Taishou, to welcome Cao song to Yanzhou. The history of the Three Kingdoms records that Tao Qian resented Cao Cao's attack on Xuzhou and sent cavalry to cover up Cao song. The history of the later Han Dynasty records that Cao song carried more than 100 carts of luggage, and one of Tao Qian's generals was stationed in Yinping county. His soldiers were greedy for Cao song's property, so they launched an attack at the junction of Hua county and Fei County, killing Cao song and his youngest son Cao de On the other hand, Tao Qian sent troops to intercept Cao song and his son. For this matter, there are different records in the annals of the Three Kingdoms, Houhanshu, Shiyu (see the notes to the annals of the Three Kingdoms · Wudi Ji) and Wei Yao's Wu Shu. Among them, records of the Three Kingdoms, biography of Emperor Wu, biography of Ying Shao, biography of Cao Teng and Shi Yu all think that Tao Qian is the culprit of Cao song's murder, while Zi Zhi Tong Jian and Wu Shu do not think that Tao Qian did it.

In the autumn of 193, Cao Cao attacked Tao Qian on the ground of revenge for his father. At that time, Yuan Shaoyi sent Zhu lingdu's three battalions to help him. Cao Cao's army successively attacked more than ten cities, and Cao general conquered Guangwei (east of Peixian county) in the Forbidden City, along Surabaya to Pengcheng. In addition, Cao Ren, the forward, did not attack Lu You, the commander of Tao Qian. After he defeated the enemy, he joined forces with Cao Cao. Tao Qian led the army to attack, but was defeated. He had to flee Pengcheng and surrender to Tancheng in the East China Sea. Cao Cao took the opportunity to break Pengcheng and Fu Yang. At the beginning, the refugees attached themselves to Tao Qian and mostly lived in Pengcheng. This time, they were killed by Cao Cao's army. Tens of thousands (hundreds of thousands) of them were driven to the Sishui River and drowned. Their bodies blocked the river, making the river unable to flow.

Later, Cao Cao attacked Fei, Hua, Jimo and Kaiyang in the northeast. Tao Qian sent his generals to Tancheng to rescue the counties besieged by Cao's army, while he was in a hurry to assassinate Tian Kai in Qingzhou. Cao Cao besieged Tan county, but failed to capture it, so he turned to take Wu County, Suiling county and Xiaqiu county. All the places he passed were slaughtered, and there were no more pedestrians in the ruins of the old city. At this time, Tian Kai and Liu Bei led the army to save Cao Cao. Later, Cao Cao was exhausted because of his army's food, and finally withdrew. Tao Qianbiao Liu Bei was the governor of Yuzhou, and Tun Xiaopei.

Worry about Cao and die

In April of the first year of Xingping (194), Cao Cao once again led a large army to attack Xuzhou in the south. He first pulled out five cities, then went to langye and Donghai. When the Hui army passed through Tancheng, Xuzhou general Cao Bao and Liu Bei stationed troops in the east of Tancheng to invite Cao Cao to attack, but Cao Cao was defeated by him. Then Cao Cao pulled out Xiangben to the West and killed many places. When Tao Qian saw that he was at the end of the day and was about to flee back to his hometown of Danyang, Zhang Miao, Chen Liu's prefect, betrayed Cao Cao. He and his younger brother Zhang Chao, former Guangling's prefect, welcomed Lu Bu into Yanzhou, and Cao Cao had to return to fight the rebellion. In the same year, Tao Qian died of illness at the age of 63. After his death, Zhang Zhao wrote a lament for him.

Political initiatives

Implementation of land reclamation

When Tao Qian was appointed governor of Xuzhou, after the war in Xuzhou, people were hungry. Tao Qian recommended Chen Deng, a native of xiapi, to be the commander of the Diannong school, and settled the land in Xuzhou. With the efforts of Tao Qian and Chen Deng, agricultural production in Xuzhou has been restored and developed, and "japonica rice" has been harvested.

When Tao Qian served as the governor of Xuzhou, the Yellow scarves of Qingzhou and Yanzhou in the North came one after another, but Xuzhou was relatively peaceful. The people were rich, and the granaries were full of rice. The refugees from Qingzhou and Yuzhou (such as Zheng Xuan and Xu Shao) also flocked to Xuzhou.

Preach Buddhism

At that time, Tao Qian appointed zorong, the Minister of xiapi in the same county as himself, to take charge of the transportation of grain in Guangling, xiapi and Pengcheng. He used the grain in his hands to build dafutu temple, which could accommodate more than 3000 people and read Buddhist scriptures. He also called on them to believe in Buddhism and exempt them from service, which led to more than 5000 households Or from Tao Qian's acquiescence).

Appointment of the elite

When Tao Qian was appointed governor of Xuzhou, he once appointed Minzhu, a wealthy businessman in Xuzhou, to be engaged in other driving activities. He also appointed zorong governor in the same county to be in charge of transporting grain in Guangling, xiapi and Pengcheng. At the same time, he appointed Zhao Yu from Langya and Wang Lang from Donghai to be engaged in other driving activities and governing China.

However, in the annals of the Three Kingdoms and the book of the later Han Dynasty, it is said that Tao Qian alienated the sages and appointed the villains, "he disobeyed the way and indulged in love, Guangling's prefect, Langxie Zhao Yu, Xu Fang's famous scholar, and Cao Hong slandered the villains. He was humble and took charge of them, and his punishment and administration were disharmonious.

personal works

(source of Tao Qian's works: Quan Hou Han Wen, Volume 85)

Character evaluation

Mr. Gan: there's a wonderful watch. If you grow up, you'll be successful.

Xu Shao: Tao gongzu's admiration for fame is not true at home. Although he is generous to me, he is bound to be weak.

Zhang Zhao: I'm your envoy, general. He should be virtuous, military and literary. The body and feet are straight, and the guard is warm and benevolent. Make Shu and Lu, love the people. Mu You Ji Xu, Gan Tang is Jun. Looking forward to Yi and Chen, it depends on Hou Yiqing. Stupid demon bandit, bandit Hou restless. Only when the emperor thinks of his achievements, his life is complete. Both grazing and Hou, open land Liyang. So he was promoted to general Anton. It is difficult to pacify the world, but the country is revered. When the year comes down, it will not last forever. The people know that they are poor. Within ten days, the five counties collapsed. Who can I trust? In memory of the Emperor

Chinese PinYin : Tao Qian