Li Fuchun

Li Fuchun

Li Fuchun (May 22, 1900 - January 9, 1975), born in Changsha, Hunan Province, is an old Party member, an outstanding proletarian revolutionist, a loyal Marxist, an outstanding leader of the party and the state, and one of the founders and organizers of China's socialist economic construction. He once served as vice premier of the State Council and director of the State Planning Commission, Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, etc.

On January 9, 1975, Comrade Li Fuchun died of illness in worry. In the same month, the Party Central Committee held a memorial service for him in the Great Hall of the people. Comrade Deng Xiaoping delivered a eulogy on behalf of the Central Committee, giving a high appraisal of his life.

Life of the characters

Li Fuchun, named Ren Zhi, was born on May 22, 1900 in Changsha, Hunan Province. In his youth, he witnessed the state's internal and external troubles and the people's poverty, and set up his ambition to fight for national independence and people's liberation. In October 1919, in order to explore the truth of saving the country and the people, he went to France to work and study. after arriving in France, Comrade Li Fuchun worked as a fitter and a train driver. He deeply studied French social problems, investigated French soldiers who had participated in the first World War, and wrote the novel confession of a French soldier, which deeply revealed the war essence of fighting between imperialism. He also published a report on the investigation of the Chinese workers in the harvarschneider factory in France. In the process of in-depth investigation of French society and the workers' movement, he eagerly studied the works of Marxism, sought solutions to social problems, and gradually changed his belief from working to Marxism. In August of 1920, Li Yijin and other comrades changed the name of the society to "work study program" and established it together with him. He took an active part in many political struggles, such as the movement of students studying in France for "the right to live" and "the right to study", and the movement of opposing the secret loan from the French government by the Northern Warlord government, and gradually grew into a communist fighter. In June 1922, Comrade Li Fuchun participated in the establishment of the Youth Communist Party of China in Europe in Paris, served as the Secretary of the local branch of nomen, and participated in the publication "Youth" (renamed "Chiguang" in 1924). Soon, he became a member of the Communist Party of China. In February 1923, the Youth Communist Party of China in Europe officially changed its name to the Chinese Communist Youth League in Europe (also known as the branch of the Chinese Socialist Youth League in Europe). Since August of the same year, Comrade Li Fuchun has served successively as member of the Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Youth League in Europe, director of the Student Movement Committee, member of the Secretary Bureau, and chairman of the Executive Committee, striving to arm the members and youth of the Chinese Communist Youth League in Europe with Marxist Leninist theory. According to his suggestion, the Chinese Communist Youth League in Europe organized a Marxist political economy class for work study students and Chinese workers in Paris during the summer vacation. In the class, he personally explained some basic ideas of capital. During this period, he also published articles such as "a ray of dawn at the bottom of the world's reactionary tide" in red light, publicizing and reporting the situation of the Chinese revolution, and calling on the oppressed nations all over the world to "unite quickly under the banner of international unity against imperialism.". In June 1923, according to the decision of the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China to implement the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, Comrade Li Fuchun joined the Kuomintang in his own name. In November of the same year, he served as the director of the propaganda section of the executive department of the Kuomintang branch in Europe, and undertook the task of helping the Kuomintang carry out overseas propaganda and develop its strength. He once published the article "the new work of the Kuomintang", which clearly pointed out that the Kuomintang "should resolutely abandon the strategy of" coalition warlords to overthrow warlords ", and" generally publicize, train and organize the workers, peasants and soldiers of the whole country "to overthrow warlords and organize the National Revolutionary Government. With the vigorous promotion of Li Fuchun and other Communists, the work of the KMT branch in Europe has made obvious progress. In January 1925, Comrade Li Fuchun left France to study in the Soviet Union and received systematic education and training in political and military fields at Moscow Oriental Communist University. During that time, he successively served as member of the local executive committee and director of the Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Youth League in Mozambique, member of the local executive committee and director of the Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Youth League in Mozambique. During his stay in the Soviet Union, he continued to pay attention to the development of the domestic revolutionary situation. In the summer of the same year, with the approval of the organization, Comrade Li Fuchun returned to his motherland, where he had been parting for nearly six years. This young communist returned from afar and quickly joined in the great revolution of Kuomintang communist cooperation. In August 1925, Comrade Li Fuchun, who returned from the Soviet Union, arrived in Guangzhou and became a member of the Military Commission of the Guangdong Regional Committee of the Communist Party of China. At this time, with the development of the revolutionary situation, the newly established Guangzhou national government began to reorganize its troops into the National Revolutionary Army in order to unify the Guangdong base and prepare for the northern expedition. Comrade Li Fuchun was soon dispatched by the organization to join the second army of the National Revolutionary Army as a member of the Kuomintang. He served as deputy party representative (actually responsible for party representative), director of the political department, and director of the military justice department. The second army of the national revolutionary army is a unit split up from the Hunan army. After taking office, Comrade Li Fuchun quickly took effective measures to transform the warlord habits and style of work brought by the old army, established and improved the system of party representatives at all levels, established political departments at the army and division levels, and formed a strong and powerful political work team from top to bottom in the whole army. The political work of the second army has been carried out with sound and color, and great changes have taken place in the appearance of the army. In July 1926, the second army of the National Revolutionary Army embarked on the northern expedition. Comrade Li Fuchun paid more attention to the development of political work. Troops are always mobilized and deployed in time on the way to March and on the eve of the war. He himself took the lead and personally went to the front line for propaganda. On the way to the northern expedition, the second army met with the elite troops of the Northern Warlords. From the battle of Xinyu, the battle of Nanchang, the battle of Hangzhou to the final capture of Nanjing, the second army was always full of momentum and made great sacrifices. However, it was fearless and made many achievements. Looking back on the glorious campaign of the second army, the political work led by Comrade Li Fuchun undoubtedly provides a fundamental guarantee. In addition, what has a more long-term impact is that the military work practice of a group of Communists such as Comrade Li Fuchun during this period has provided valuable experience and made important preparations for our party's establishment of the people's army and independent armed struggle. As Comrade Zhu De once pointed out, "in the era of the great revolution, many comrades engaged in military movements, such as Zhou Enlai, Nie Rongzhen and Li Fuchun, who were in charge of the Central Military Commission at that time, and comrades of the secret military training courses organized by the party, contributed to the establishment of our army. Without the military movements they carried out, there would be no independent regiment, no uprising in Nanchang, autumn harvest, Guangzhou and southern Hunan. " After the failure of the great revolution, Comrade Li Fuchun insisted on underground struggle in Shanghai, Hong Kong and other places. He entered the Central Soviet Area in 1931 and served as secretary of Jiangxi provincial Party committee. In late September 1934, on the eve of the main long march of the Central Red Army, Comrade Wang Jiaxiang, the director of the General Political Department of the Red Army, was injured. The Party Central Committee appointed Comrade Li Fuchun as deputy director of the General Political Department of the Red Army to take over the work of the General Political Department on behalf of Comrade Wang Jiaxiang. Comrade Li Fuchun went to his post in an emergency and was involved in the preparatory work for the strategic transfer. On October 9, the General Political Department of the Red Army issued the "instructions on consolidating the army, preparing for long-distance March and fighting, strengthening political and military training and mass work", which put forward new tasks and requirements for the political work of the army. After the main force of the Central Red Army set out for the Long March, Comrade Li Fuchun led the General Political Department of the Red Army. According to the new tasks and changing environment, he paid attention to improving pertinence and creativity, and carried out effective political work, which played an important role in consolidating the army and maintaining combat effectiveness. He especially stressed that to do a good job in political work, we should adhere to the leading role of the party and the exemplary role of political workers. He himself is a good example in this respect. On the Long March, the political organs of the Red Army carried out extensive propaganda. While doing a good job in the army's political work, they actively carried out mass work and ethnic minority work, so that the long march gave full play to the role of "propaganda team" and "planter". Comrade Li Fuchun and the General Political Department of the Red Army were praised by Comrade Mao Zedong for their excellent work. Shortly after the first and fourth front armies of the red army joined forces, Comrade Li Fuchun was appointed director of the Political Department of the first front army of the Red Army. Later, he was transferred to political commissar of the third Red Army until he arrived in Northern Shaanxi with the Party Central Committee and the Central Red Army. Comrade Li Fuchun spent the eight years of the national anti Japanese war in Yan'an. During this period, he not only served as the Vice Minister of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, but also as the head of the financial and Economic Department of the CPC Central Committee. Since 1941, he has also served as the Deputy Secretary General of the CPC Central Committee and the director of the general office of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee. In the face of heavy tasks, he showed superb leadership and working ability. During the eight years of Yan'an, he not only assisted Comrade Chen Yun to preside over the work of the Organization Department of the Central Committee, but also assisted Comrade Ren Bishi in handling the daily affairs of the Secretariat of the Central Committee. He also made outstanding contributions in leading the financial and economic work of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region. After the war of resistance against Japan entered the stalemate stage, the Japanese army gradually turned to the battlefield behind the enemy, and the Kuomintang implemented the blockade policy. As a result, the financial economy and military life of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region and the base areas behind the enemy met with serious difficulties. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called on "do it yourself" to carry out the self-help movement of production (i.e. the production movement, later also known as the mass production movement). In early 1939, the Party Central Committee decided to set up the central financial and Economic Committee. Comrade Li Fuchun was appointed as the first deputy director of the central financial and Economic Commission (later Vice Minister of the central financial and economic ministry and deputy director of the Central Committee of production and movement), and took on the important task of directly leading the financial and economic work and organizing the production and movement in the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region.

Chinese PinYin : Li Fu Chun