mansion

mansion

Mingsheng (1356-1391) was born in Fuba County, Chongqing Province, Sichuan Province. He was originally from Suizhou, De'an Prefecture, Huguang province (now Suizhou City, Hubei Province). He was the last emperor of Ming Xia regime in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty.

In 1366, Mingsheng succeeded his father mingyuzhen as the emperor of the great Xia Dynasty and changed the Yuan Dynasty to Kaixi. At that time, Mingsheng was only 10 years old and his mother, Empress Dowager Peng, was Regent. After the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang succeeded in the northern expedition, he sent Mingsheng to surrender, but Mingsheng refused. In 1371, the Ming army led by Tang He and Fu Youde conquered Chongqing, Mingsheng returned to surrender, and Daxia was destroyed.

In the fifth year of Hongwu (1372), Mingsheng's family was exiled to Koryo by Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty. Li Chenggui, the State Minister of Koryo, was granted the title of Huashu king, enjoying the title of "Zhongxun Shilu" and settled in Xingguo temple in Kaicheng. After Peng's death, he was buried in suling in Wanshou mountain, Songdu, with a temple built.

Life of the characters

The country is weak

In 1366, Mingsheng's father mingyuzhen died. Mingsheng ascended the throne and changed his name to Kaixi. He buried mingyuzhen in jiangbeizui, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, and called his mausoleum Yongchang mausoleum. Mingsheng respected his mother Peng as empress dowager and listened to the government together.

Ming Sheng's virtue was pure and elegant, and he was familiar with the book of filial piety and the Analects of Confucius. When he presided over the imperial examination in the autumn of that year, he wrote a poem of Osmanthus fragrans, which was given to Pang Baili, a new Jinshi, and others. The poem said: "all things wither, I am only fragrant, the flower heart is golden and the millet is slightly yellow. Mo Yan is a little embarrassed to play. The dew is cold and the wind is clear and the earth is fragrant. "

Ming Sheng was only ten years old when he ascended the throne. All the ministers were very rude and refused to live under others. There is a gap between Wan Sheng, the right prime minister, and Zhang Wenbing, the Zhiyuan. Wan Sheng secretly sends someone to kill Zhang Wenbing. Zhang Wenbing is friendly with Mingzhao, the adopted son of mingyuzhen and the heir of the inner government. Therefore, Mingzhao, under the pretext of the will of the Empress Dowager Peng, summoned Wansheng to the palace for deliberation and hanged Wansheng downstairs. Wan Sheng made the most contributions to the Ming family. He was hanged, and most people in Ba and Shu sympathized with him.

In the name of Qing emperor, Wu Youren sent an address from Baoning to denounce Mingzhao. Ming Sheng ordered Dai Shou to go to fight. Wu Youren wrote to Dai Shou and said, "if you don't kill Mingzhao, the country will be uneasy and people will not accept. If Mingzhao is executed in the morning, I will arrive in the evening. " Dai Shou then asked Ming Zhao to be executed, while Wu Youren went to court to apologize. As a result, all the ministers performed their duties, while Wu Youren was more dictatorial and indulgent, which led to the loss of state power and the weakening of state power. After Wan Sheng's death, Liu Zhen became the right prime minister and died three years later. In this year, Ming Sheng sent envoys to mourn Zhu Yuanzhang, and soon sent envoys to greet him. Zhu Yuanzhang also sent his censor Cai Zhe to pay a return visit.

Letter persuasion

In the first year of Hongwu (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang conquered the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, and Mingsheng sent letters to congratulate him.

In 1369, Zhu Yuanzhang sent envoys to ask for wood. Ming Sheng offered the specialties of Ba and Shu together. Zhu Yuanzhang answered with a seal. In the winter of the same year, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Pingzhang Yangjing to instruct Mingsheng to return to Beijing, but Mingsheng refused to listen. Yang Jing wrote a letter to Mingsheng, saying: "in ancient times, those who followed the political rule of the country shared the same strength in virtue and morality in righteousness, so they were able to have both wealth and family, and remained immortal. Otherwise, they were defeated. At such a young age, I inherited the achievements of my ancestors and occupied Ba and Shu, but I didn't think about the long-term plan. Instead, I listened to the opinions of the group. I thought that with the danger of Qutang and Jiange, one man could be in charge of the pass. These are the remarks that they do not understand the changes of the times and will hurt their feet. In the past, Liu Bei, Emperor zhaolie of Shu Han Dynasty, was the most powerful one in Ba and Shu. In addition, with the assistance of Zhuge Marquis Wu, he assessed the Guard officials, trained the soldiers, and lacked materials. But it's still just self-protection. Today, the territory is just Bozhou in the South and Hanzhong in the north. Is it wise for us to seek another place, thousands of miles apart, and to extend our life by a corner? My Lord is benevolent, holy and powerful. He is moved by the gods. He gives favors to those who obey and surrender, but only to those who are stubborn and forsaken. Because our ancestors had known our Lord well, they couldn't bear to use troops. They sent people to you many times to tell you this. Because you are still young and have never experienced any incident, you are afraid that you will be confused by the rave and lose your long-term plan. So you send Yang Jing to tell you the good and bad. My Lord is very benevolent. He is very kind to the Ming family. Can you not think deeply about it? Moreover, Chen and Zhang's generation used to steal Wu and Chu, build ships to block rivers, accumulate grain like mountains, and have powerful generals, so they are invincible. However, in the first World War of Poyang Lake, Chen Youliang was killed, and our army immediately marched eastward, and Zhang surrendered. This is not done by human, but by destiny. How do you see this? Chen Youliang's son fled back to Jiangxia. Wang Shi went to the expedition. Chen Youliang's son had no choice but to surrender. My Lord has forgiven his sin and bestowed a blessing on him. The prosperity of his grace and honor is well known in the world. If you can wake up and ask for more happiness, you will surely enjoy the land seal, keep the ancestors' sacrifice, and live forever. Isn't it a wise move to do so? If you have to show off your strength and linger for a moment, it's like fish floating in boiling water and swallows building their nests on the dangerous curtain. It's hard and you don't know it. As soon as the soldiers arrived, he was afraid that those who now give advice to their own people might plan for themselves and seek their own wealth in the future. At that time, where can you settle down? It's clear at a glance what's going on and what's going on. Let's think about it. " Mingsheng didn't listen to Yang Jing's advice in the end.

Surrender to the Marquis

In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Xingyuan garrison general Xiancheng surrendered. Wu Youren went to attack several times, but failed to conquer. In the same year, Zhu Yuanzhang sent envoys to Yunnan to borrow roads. Mingsheng refused to comply with the imperial edict.

In the first month of the fourth year of Hongwu (1371), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered general Zheng Xi and Marquis Tang He of Zhongshan to command Zhou Dexing, the left deputy general and Marquis Jiang Xia, and Liao Yongzhong, the right deputy general and Marquis De Qing, to lead the Jingwei and Jingxiang Navy from qutangxia to Chongqing and attack Badi. Gu Shi, the former general and Deputy General of Fu Youde, the Marquis of Yingchuan, led the infantry and cavalry of Henan and Shaanxi to Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and attacked Shu.

At the beginning, Dai Shou said to Mingsheng, "with the strength of Wang Baobao and Li Siqi, we still can't confront the Ming army, not to mention the two places of Ba and Shu? In case of emergency, how can we deal with it? " Wu Youren said, "you're not right. We in Ba and Shu are close to mountains and rivers. We can't compete with the Central Plains. We'd better make friends with foreign countries and repair our armaments at home." So he sent Mo Renshou to cross the entrance of Qutang gorge with an iron rope. Today, Dai Shou, Wu Youren, Zou Xing and others were ordered to increase their troops. Yangjiao mountain in the north and nanchengzhai in the South cut through the stone walls on both sides of the Strait, pulled iron cables to form iron bridges, and used wooden boards to place shells to resist the enemy. Yang Jing, the Marquis of Yingyang, led his army to daxikou (now Daxi Township, Wushan County, Chongqing), and competed with Mo Renshou for the natural danger of Qutang. Yang Jing sent Wei Quan out of Chijia mountain on the North Bank of the Yangtze River to attack Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Chongqing), Li out of Baiyan mountain on the south bank to attack Nancheng village, and he led his army out of daxikou. When he attacked the garrison in Qutang gorge, all roads were blocked by the Xia army. Yang Jing was disadvantageous in the first battle and returned to Guizhou (now Zigui, Hubei Province). Tang He's army continued to advance and attacked qutangguan several times. Because of the surge of the river and the difficulty of sailing, he had to garrison at daxikou and wait for the opportunity.

Fu Youde detected that Jiezhou (now Wudu, Gansu Province) and Wenzhou (now Wenxian, Gansu Province) were unprepared. He crossed Chencang (now Nanzheng, Shaanxi Province) secretly, climbed mountains and helped the valley. He attacked Jiangyou and mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan Province) by day and night, and made thousands of wooden cards. He wrote: "conquer Jiezhou, Wenzhou and mianzhou, throw them in the river and go down the river. He informed Tang He of the military situation and cooperated with him Xia's fighting spirit collapsed again. Shu Shou saw it and disintegrated it.

Dai Shou then left Zou Xing and others to defend Qutang, while he and Wu Youren returned to join forces with Daheng to rescue Hanzhou (now Guanghan, Sichuan). Dai Shou and Xiang Daheng fled to Chengdu, Sichuan, and Wu Youren fled to Baoning.

At that time, Liao Yongzhong had also broken Qutang pass. The iron cables of Feiqiao bridge were all burned, Zou Xingzhong's arrow died, and Xia's army collapsed. The Ming army then captured Kuizhou in Chongqing and stationed in Tongluoxia. Mingsheng was so frightened that Liu Ren, Youcheng, urged him to flee to Chengdu, Sichuan. Peng, Mingsheng's mother, cried: "we can go to Chengdu, Sichuan, but it can only prolong our life. Because of the overwhelming force, we might as well surrender earlier to save the lives of the people. " So he sent messengers to beg for surrender with memorials. Mingsheng tied his hands and carried a coffin to surrender with his mother Peng and his family.

Tang He accepted Biyu, while Liao Yongzhong untied the rope for him, followed Zhu Yuanzhang's will, comforted him, and ordered the generals not to invade them. Dai Shou and Xiang Daheng also fell to Fu Youde in Chengdu. Ming Sheng and others were all escorted to the capital. The courtiers said, "the emperor came to the Fengtian hall, and Ming Sheng and others fell down to wait for their sins outside the gate of the noon gate. The officials concerned read out the amnesty edict, just like Meng Chang had sent to the Song Dynasty before." Zhu Yuanzhang said: "Ming Sheng was young and weak, and he listened to his subordinates in everything, which was different from Meng Chang. Therefore, he should be exempted from lying on the ground and playing the instrument of punishment." On that day, Zhu Yuanzhang promoted Ming Dynasty to Guiyi Marquis and granted residence in the capital.

Migration to Korea

After Ming Sheng surrendered to the Ming Dynasty, he once met with Chen Li, the son of Chen Youliang, another rebel leader of the red scarf army, to complain. Although they were still teenagers, Zhu Yuanzhang was afraid that they would be bewitched by others and endanger the Daming regime in the future, so he sent eunuchs to send them far away to gaoliguo for resettlement.

In 1372, Mingsheng moved to Korea. Mingsheng married the daughter of King Yinxi, the chief minister of Korea, and later had four sons, which has been handed down from generation to generation in the Korean Peninsula.

At the end of may in the fifth year of Hongwu, Ming Sheng Chen Li and his group of 27 arrived in Koryo. They received an interview from King Gongmin of Koryo and were given a gift

Chinese PinYin : Ming Sheng