Zhang Liao
Zhang Liao
Zhang Liao (169-222) was born in Mayi, Yanmen, Shanxi Province. In the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei was a famous general and a descendant of Nie Yi.
At first, he served as an official of Yanmen county. He followed Ding Yuan, he Jin, Dong Zhuo and Lu Bu to fulfill their duties and go through ups and downs. After the defeat of Lu Bu, Zhang Liao belonged to Cao Cao. Since then, he has made many outstanding achievements. He had insight into the enemy's situation and persuaded him to surrender. He attacked yuan and moved to Hebei. In the battle of Bailang mountain, he led the vanguard to smash Wuhuan and kill Wuhuan Shanyu. Expel Liaodong General Liu Yi. Calm the rebellion in the army with static brake. March into Jianghuai and destroy Chen Lan and Mei Cheng. Since then, he has been guarding Hefei for a long time.
In the battle of Hefei in the 20th year of Jian'an (215), Zhang Liao led 800 soldiers to attack the 100000 troops of the eastern Wu Dynasty, and all the way to the commander-in-chief of Sun Quan's army, which made the eastern Wu army defeated and terrified. He led the pursuers to defeat Sun Quan, Gan Ning, Ling Tong and others, and nearly captured Sun Quan alive. After this battle, Zhang Liao was powerful in Jiangdong. "Zhang Liao stops singing" has become an ancient allusion.
Zhang Jinyang, Marquis of the Liao Dynasty (220). After getting sick, Sun Quan was still very scared. In the third year of Huangchu period (222), Zhang Liao defeated Wu general LV fan with illness. In the same year, he died of illness in Jiangdu, posthumous title is gang Hou. Zhang Liao was respected by all previous dynasties and became one of the 64 famous generals in ancient and modern times.
Life of the characters
Running around
Zhang Liao was born in Mayi County, Yanmen County, Bingzhou. His hometown is located in the northern border of the Han Dynasty. He studied military and horse husbandry in the wild. Zhang liaoben was a descendant of Nie Yi (the initiator of Ma Yizhi's plan), whose family changed its name to Zhang in order to avoid resentment.
When Zhang Liao was born, the Hu people outside the Great Wall had become very powerful under the rule of Tan Shi Huai. Therefore, Yanmen county where Zhang Liao lived was often killed, looted and looted by Hu people. In the sixth year of Xiping (177), the army and people of Yanmen county and some Huns fought against tanshihuai, but they were defeated and suffered heavy casualties. Zhang Liao had experienced a lot of Frontier Wars since he was young, and he became a magistrate of Yanmen county when he was young.
In March 188, Zhang Yi, the governor of Bingzhou, was defeated and killed when he resisted the attack of Hu people. Ding Yuan, who succeeded as the governor of Bingzhou, summoned Zhang Liao to lead the army to the capital to accept the leadership of general He Jin. General He Jin sent Zhang Liao to Hebei to recruit troops. Zhang Liao raised more than a thousand people in Hebei Province, and then returned them to the capital to reply to He Jin. He Jin was killed by the eunuch. The angry soldiers attacked and killed the eunuch. The surviving eunuch hijacked Han Shaodi. In the end, Dong Zhuo made a great contribution to the rescue. When he returned to Beijing, he was in charge of the central government. As he Jin was dead, Zhang Liao, as one of the direct subordinates of general He Jin, was subordinate to Dong Zhuo. Later, Dong Zhuo was defeated. Zhang Liao was subordinate to Lu Bu and moved to be the commander of the cavalry. Although Zhang Liao "belonged to Lu Bu as a soldier", he still maintained a relatively independent position in Lu Bu's army in the name of the northern prefect or Lu Xiang.
Because the Liangzhou soldiers were the old headquarters of Dong Zhuo, Wang Yun, who was in charge of the government, intended to weaken the power of the Liangzhou soldiers. Therefore, under the leadership of Li Xi, Guo Si and fan Hou, the Liangzhou soldiers rebelled one after another to attack Chang'an, defeat Lv Bu and kill Wang Yun. Zhang Liao, the northern prefect (located in Liangzhou, had been granted the post by the imperial court before Lv Bu fled eastward) fled eastward with Lv Bu. In Yanzhou, Lvbu group absorbed Chen Gong and others, and fought against Cao Cao here. The war was protracted and fierce. Lu Bu group defeated Cao Cao several times, and once beat Cao Cao to only 10000 soldiers. Later, because of the locust disaster, they went on strike. After the rest, Cao Cao defeated Lu Bu. Zhang Liao followed Lv Bu to Xuzhou.
In the first year of Jian'an (196), Lu Bu captured Xuzhou and led the herding of Xuzhou. Zhang Liao was the Prime Minister of the state of Lu at the age of 28. 28 in the lunar calendar is 27 in the Gregorian calendar.
In the third year of Jian'an (198), Lv Bu's subordinates were ordered to buy horses with gold, but on the way, the gold was taken away by Liu Bei's army. Although Zhang Liao made friends with Guan Yu, he was still ordered to fight against Liu Bei's army with Zhonglang General Gao Shun. Liu Bei asked Cao Cao for help, and Cao Cao sent Xia Houdun to rescue Liu Bei. Gao Shun and Zhang Liao defeated Xia Houdun first, and then defeated Liu Bei together.
Before that, Cao Cao was personally recruiting Zhang Xiu. After Gao Shun and Zhang Liao defeated Liu Bei, Cao Cao stopped attacking Zhang Xiu and went to Xuzhou. Lu Bu personally defended xiapi city and was surrounded by Cao Jun.
In December of the third year of Jian'an (February 7, 199), Lv Bu's legitimate generals Hou Cheng, Song Xian and Wei Xu bound Chen Gong to surrender to Cao Cao, and opened the gate to make Cao Cao's army rush into xiapi city. Then, Cao Cao completely destroyed Lu Bu in xiapi city. Then, Zhang Liao led his army to surrender to Cao Cao (in the same period, there were at least five similar historical records to prove that Zhang Liao's surrender was later than the fall of Lu Bu's xiapi). According to Zizhitongjian, after Cao Cao treated the capitulators in xiapi with courtesy, Zhang Liao led his army to surrender. Cao Cao worshipped Zhang Liao as Zhonglang general and bestowed him as Marquis of Guannei. Bi Chen took over the post of State Minister of Lu of Zhang Liao.
In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), the battle of Guandu broke out. Yuan Shao first sent troops to attack Baima. According to Xun you's plan, Cao Cao personally led the army to rescue Baima. Zhang Liao and Guan Yu acted as vanguards to defeat Yan Liang's army. In the battle of Guandu, Zhang Liaoshu made great achievements and moved to the general.
In October of the same year, after Yuan Shao's main force was defeated, Cao Cao sent Zhang Liao, who once owned the state of Lu, to stabilize the counties of Lu. This is because when Yuan Shao attacked CaO on a large scale, many counties in Yan and Yu of Cao Cao took refuge in Yuan Shao.
Persuading Chang Chen to surrender
In the sixth year of Jian'an (201), Zhang Liao and Xia Houyuan lived together in Donghai County. After several months, food and fodder would be exhausted, and people agreed that they should return the army. In the atmosphere of "public opinion returning", only Zhang Liao saw that Chang Chen was wavering, so he said to Xia Houyuan: "these days, whenever I inspect the military situation of the besieged city, Chang Chen stares at me. What's more, the arrows fired by his soldiers are increasingly rare. This sign must be because Chang Chen hesitated, so he didn't fight hard. I hope I can try him out and negotiate with him. Wouldn't it be better if I could successfully induce Chang Chen to surrender? "
Therefore, Zhang Liao sent envoys to send a message to changchen: "Cao Gong has an order, let Zhang Liao come to convey it to you." Chang Chen came down to talk with Zhang Liao. Zhang Liao then said, "Duke Cao is so powerful that he is using his virtues to influence all sides. Those who belong first can be greatly rewarded." So Chang Chen agreed to surrender. Zhang Liao knew that he was willing to surrender, so he went to Sangong mountain alone, went to changchen's home, and visited his family. Chang Chen was glad to see that Zhang Liao was so frank and relative, so he went to see Cao Cao.
Cao Cao sent Chang Chen back to Donghai County in advance. Later, Cao Cao reproached Zhang Liao and said, "going to the enemy's lair alone is not what the general did." After thanking Cao Cao for his care, Zhang Liao replied: "with the prestige of the Ming Dynasty, I, Zhang Liao, with the imperial edict, will not dare to harm me. That's why I did it. "
In this incident, Zhang Liao showed his insight in front of Xia Houyuan, his combination of hardness and softness in front of Chang Chen, and his determination of the enemy in front of Cao Cao.
Through the successful persuading of Zhang Liao, Donghai County has remained calm for five years. At this time, Yuan's power to the north of the Yellow River was still strong. It was not until five years later that Cao Cao brought down Jizhou and the yuan family that Chang Chen, who ruled Donghai County, rebelled again.
From attacking yuan family
In the seventh year of Jian'an (202), Zhang Liao made great contributions to Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang in Liyang.
In the eighth year of Jian'an (203), Cao Cao attacked yuan Shang in Yecheng, and Yuan Shangjian defended the fortress. Therefore, Cao Cao adopted Guo Jia's plan to let the two yuan fight within themselves and return Xu Du first. At the same time, he ordered Zhang Liao and le to attack bayin'an and move the local people to the south of the Yellow River.
In the ninth year of Jian'an (204), Zhang Liao once again attacked Yecheng with Cao Cao. After ye city was conquered, Zhang Liao was ordered to patrol Zhao state and Changshan, and recruited many thieves near the edge of Taihang Mountain and Heishan sun Qing. After that, he attacked Yuan Tan with Cao Cao again.
In the 10th year of Jian'an (205), after the defeat of Yuan Tan, Zhang Liao was ordered to pacify the coastal area and expropriate Liu Yi, the governor of Yingzhou, who was set up by Gongsun Du, a warlord in Eastern Liaoning. And he Kui, the governor of Changguang, joined forces to pacify Yi Ping's followers Qian et al.
In the 11th year of Jian'an (206), Cao Cao, as emperor Xiandi of Han Dynasty, praised Jin, lejin and Zhang Liao: "powerful force, well planned, loyal and upright character, high moral integrity. He took the lead in every battle, brave and indomitable; he personally beat the drums and forgot to be tired. They led the expedition alone, led the whole army, comforted the officers and soldiers with strict discipline and made no mistakes in making decisions facing the enemy. When it comes to merit and duty, we should give dignitaries honor and favor. "
After the recovery of Donglai counties, Zhang Liao led his army back to Yecheng. Cao Cao went out to meet him personally, invited Zhang Liao to take the same car, and appointed Zhang Liao as the general of Dangkou.
Zhang Liao led the army to attack Jingzhou, pacified Jiangxia counties, led the army back, stationed troops in Linying County, and was granted the title of dutinghou.
Big break Wu Huan
In 207, Cao Cao wanted to punish yuan Shang, Yuan Xi and Wu Huan in Liucheng. Zhang Liao remonstrated: "Xudu is the place where the emperor is. Today, the son of heaven is in Xudu. Duke Cao's expedition to the north is far away. If Liu Biao sends Liu Bei to attack Xudu, occupy it and command all directions, Duke Ming, you will go. " Cao Cao speculated that Liu Biao would not be able to appoint Liu Bei, so the army went out.
In August, Cao Cao led the vanguard troops to mount Bailang and suddenly encountered the enemy soldiers. There are many enemies. At that time, the main force of Cao Cao's army was still behind him
Chinese PinYin : Zhang Liao
Zhang Liao
