Li Xiannian

Li Xiannian

Li Xiannian (June 23, 1909 - June 21, 1992) was born in Li's big house in Huang'an, Hubei Province. At the age of 9, he studied in a private school. Since the age of 12, he has studied carpentry in his hometown and Hankou. In October 1926, he joined the peasant movement and served as executive member of the township peasant association. In November 1927, he led the farmers in his hometown to participate in the Huang (an) MA (Cheng) uprising and joined the Communist Party of China in December.

He arrived in Yan'an after the outbreak of the national anti Japanese war. In 1938, he was Minister of the military department of Henan provincial Party committee. Since 1939, he has successively served as the commander of Henan Hubei independent guerrilla detachment and the commander of Henan Hubei advancing column of the New Fourth Army. He led his troops to carry out guerrilla war behind the enemy lines and opened up the Anti Japanese base area along the border of Henan and Hubei. After the Wannan incident in 1941, he served as division commander and political commissar of the 5th division of the New Fourth Army, leading the Ministry to defeat the Japanese puppet army's "sweep up" and "encroach" and the Kuomintang's diehards' military attacks for many times. In 1942, he also served as the Secretary of the CPC Henan Hubei border district committee, leading the army and the people to defeat the attacks of the Japanese and puppet forces for many times, consolidating and expanding the Anti Japanese base area.

Comrade Li Xiannian is a great proletarian revolutionist, statesman and militarist, a firm Marxist and an outstanding leader of the party and the state. All his life, he has made indelible contributions to the independence of the Chinese nation and the liberation of the Chinese people, to the cause of socialist revolution, construction and reform, and to the construction of a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious modern socialist country, winning the respect and love of the whole party, the whole army and the people of all ethnic groups.

Life of the characters

In the autumn of 1928, Li Xiannian led the guerrillas to join the fifth brigade of the 31st division of the 11th army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army. He served as the Deputy monitor and took part in the fight against the three "joint suppression".

At the end of 1929, he transferred to local work as secretary of the CPC Gaoqiao District Committee and chairman of the Soviet government, Secretary of the CPC Huangpi Annan County Committee and chairman of the Soviet government.

In October 1931, he led more than 300 young people to join the Red Army, served as political commissar of the 33rd regiment of the 11th division of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, and led his troops to take part in the four major battles of Huang'an, Shang (Cheng) Huang (Chuan), Su Jiabu, Huang (Chuan) Guang (Shan). Because the regiment has successfully completed the combat task, the headquarters of the front army awarded the glorious title of "Communist International regiment".

In July 1932, he served as a political commissar of the 11th division, commanding the troops to inflict heavy losses on the enemy forces in the fierce battles against Feng Shouer, Qiliping and hushanzhai, which were four times of "encirclement and suppression". In October, the main force of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army shifted strategically from the base areas of Hubei, Henan and Anhui to the West. In Zaoyang Xinji and tuqiaopu areas, his headquarters broke through the siege of the Kuomintang army, opened the way for the whole army, and ensured the safety of the headquarters at the critical moment. In the battle of Ziwu Town, he was seriously injured. Still on a stretcher, he commanded his troops to fight tenaciously, breaking through the enemy's pursuit and blocking, crossing the Qinling Mountains and crossing the Han River. In December of the same year, he was appointed as a member of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission and devoted himself to the struggle of establishing the Sichuan Shaanxi revolutionary base.

In May 1933, during the decisive battle of kongshanba in the front army, he led his troops to detour behind the enemy and cut off the enemy's retreat, which played an important role in winning the anti three routes siege campaign. In July, he served as political commissar of the 30th army. In October, during the Xuanda (Han) DA (county) campaign, he led his troops to raid Da County, annihilate the enemy and seized a large number of military materials. In November, the front army organized a campaign against the siege of the sixth route. It divided the East and West lines to fight against the attack of more than 200000 enemy troops and fought hard for ten months. Li Xiannian and Wang Shusheng, the deputy commander in chief, were responsible for commanding the troops on the western front to fight against the enemy forces on the fourth route. When the anti siege campaign turned into a counter attack, he firmly supported Xu's correct decision of making a great detour in depth, leading his troops to encircle and annihilate more than 14000 Kuomintang troops in huangmaoya area.

In January 1934, Li Xiannian was elected executive member of the Central Committee of the Soviet Republic of China.

In March 1935, he took part in the battle of crossing the Jialing River. He led a group of troops to conquer Qingchuan and Pingwu successively, seizing the strategic location of Motianling, breaking the enemy's plan of attacking the Red Army and ensuring the safety of the main right wing of the westward movement. In May, he led the first front army to move westward from the Minjiang region to coordinate the actions of the first front army of the Red Army and welcome the CPC Central Committee. In June, after commanding the vanguard troops to capture MaoGong, they successfully joined the Red Army. He made a detailed report to Mao Zedong on the situation in Northwest Sichuan and the situation of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, which provided a basis for the Party Central Committee to determine the strategic policy of going north. In August, he fought with acting commander Cheng Shicai to command baozuo, annihilated the 49th division in the south of Hu Zong, and opened the channel for the Red Army to go north. During the period when the Fourth Front Army of the red army went south to kangbian, he firmly supported Zhu De, Liu Bocheng and Xu Xiangqian in fighting against Zhang Guotao's separatism, uniting the army, overcoming difficulties, and leading the advance army to go north together with the second front army of the Red Army.

In October 1936, after the three main forces of the red army joined forces, the Central Military Commission ordered a unit of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army to cross the Yellow River westward and carry out the Ningxia campaign plan. He commanded the 30th army to break through the natural danger of the Yellow River in hubaokou, Jingyuan County, and occupied a mountain and five Buddhist temples, a strategic place, with the cooperation of brother troops. On November 11, the Party Central Committee and the Military Commission decided that the troops crossing the river should form the West Route Army to carry out the task of establishing the Hexi base and opening up the remote areas. He was appointed as a member of the military and Political Committee of the West Route Army, commanding the 30th army to fight against the enemy between Liangzhou and Yongchang successively under extremely difficult conditions, annihilating more than 4000 enemy troops. Later, in nijiayingzi, he fought a bloody battle with the enemy for 40 days, killing the enemy heavily. This played an important role in cooperating with the strategic action of Hedong Red Army and promoting the peaceful settlement of Xi'an Incident.

After the defeat of the West Route Army in March 1937, Li Xiannian became a member of the West Route Army Working Committee, responsible for unified military command. He led the rest of his troops over the Qilian watershed, marched for more than 20 days in the ice peaks and snow mountains, then crossed the deserted Gobi desert, and arrived at Xingxing gorge at the junction of Gansu and Xinjiang at the end of April. With the help of Chen Yun and Teng Daiyuan, he transferred to Dihua (now Urumqi), preserving a number of backbone forces for the party and the Red Army. Mao Zedong once spoke highly of his achievements in the West Route Army: Li Xiannian is a general who will not dismount. At the end of 1937, he arrived in Yan'an and studied in the Anti Japanese military and Political University and the Marxism Leninism College of the CPC Central Committee.

In November 1938, Li Xiannian was appointed deputy director and military Minister of the military committee of the CPC Henan Hubei border region Provincial Committee.

At the beginning of 1939, he led an independent guerrilla brigade of the New Fourth Army with more than 160 people to go down from Zhugou, Henan Province, into the border region of Henan and Hubei, went deep into the enemy's rear area, joined up and gathered the scattered armed forces led by the Communist Party of China, conscientiously implemented the party's strategic line of the Anti Japanese national united front, and independently carried out guerrilla war behind the enemy's rear area. In mid June, he participated in the enlarged meeting of the CPC Central Hubei Regional Party committee held in yangmafan, Jingshan County. He decided to break through all kinds of restrictions and shackles of the Kuomintang, unify and reorganize the armed forces led by the parties in southern Henan and central Hubei under the banner of the New Fourth Army, and set up an independent Henan Hubei strike detachment of the New Fourth Army. Li Xiannian served as commander. He commanded the troops to fight many times with the Japanese puppet army, such as Xinjie, which made the detachment rapidly grow to more than 9000 people. He resolutely carried out the principle of uniting with all anti Japanese parties, strata and troops, and expanded the Anti Japanese United Front. In November 1939, Henan Hubei border

The Anti Japanese armed forces in Hubei, Henan, Anhui and central Hubei were unified and reorganized into the Henan Hubei advancing column of the New Fourth Army, with Li Xiannian as commander. The establishment of the advancing column marks the formation of an independent strategic unit of great significance in the Central Plains. In this regard, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China highly praised the creation of advancing into the column as a great achievement, and proved that the party in all areas behind the enemy lines can build up armed forces and can exist and develop. Under the attack of the Japanese puppet army and the Kuomintang diehards, he and the column leaders used flexible strategies and tactics to smash the Japanese puppet army's "mopping up", beat back the anti Communist upsurge launched by the Kuomintang diehards in the border region, and contained the GUI army's attacks on the fourth and fifth branches of the New Fourth Army. In the intricate "triangle struggle" among the enemy, the stubborn and the Chinese, he firmly grasped the national contradictions and correctly dealt with the relationship between the Anti Japanese, the anti stubborn struggle and the United Front.

In May 1940, when the Japanese army launched an attack on the front battlefield of the Kuomintang army and Xiangfan and Yichang fell one after another, he led the main force of the column to return to the west of pinghan road from the east of Hubei for strategic development, marched into baizhaoshan and controlled Pingba, the strategic hub; then crossed the Xianghe River and opened up Xiangxi base, effectively restrained the Japanese army and supported the Kuomintang army. At the beginning of August, he presided over the general meeting of military and political cadres in Bai Zhaoshan. From summing up the experience and lessons of military operations, he explained the importance of opposing decentralization, strengthening unified command and strict discipline, so that cadres from all over the world can achieve ideological and political unity and ensure the implementation of the party's political and military lines.

In February 1941, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China appointed Li Xiannian as division commander and political commissar of the fifth division of the New Fourth Army, with a total of more than 15000 people in the division. He directed the troops to jump and maneuver, and repeatedly defeated the Japanese puppet army's "sweep" and "nibble" and the Kuomintang's stubborn army's attack. In December, he seized the opportunity to command the first main force to launch the battle of dwarf mountain, annihilated more than 5200 Japanese puppet troops, liberated Sichuan, Han and Mianyang, and shocked the Japanese army in Wuhan.

In 1942, facing the unprecedented tense situation of the enemy's stubborn attack, he and the Party committee of the border region put forward the policy of "gritting one's teeth, going through difficulties, calmly responding to the war, and resolutely defending oneself". After eight months of hard fighting, he fought back the attack of Chiang Kai Shek's most resolute anti Communist forces and created a guerrilla base in southern Hubei. In December, more than 10000 people of the Japanese puppet army besieged dawushan, where the leading organ of the Fifth Division was located. He led the division headquarters to break through the encirclement and turn to the outside line to fight, defeating the "iron wall encirclement" of the Japanese puppet army.

In January 1943, Li Xiannian concurrently served as a member of the Communist Party of China's Hubei Henan border

Chinese PinYin : Li Xian Nian