Deng Xixian

Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping (August 22, 1904 - February 19, 1997), formerly known as Deng Xiansheng, was born in Guang'an, Sichuan Province. In his early years, he went to Europe to work and study. After returning home, he devoted himself to the revolutionary struggle for national independence and people's Liberation led by the party. From the agrarian revolution, the war of resistance against Japan to the war of liberation, he successively held many important leading positions in the party and the army. He made great contributions to the implementation of a series of major strategic decisions of the Party Central Committee, the victory of the new democratic revolution and the birth of new China, and became the founding father of the people's Republic of China.

Deng Xiaoping is recognized by the whole party, the whole army and the people of all ethnic groups as an outstanding leader with high prestige, a great Marxist, a great proletarian revolutionist, politician, militarist and diplomat, a long tested communist fighter, the chief designer of China's socialist reform, opening up and modernization drive, and the founder of the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics The main founder of the theory.

The policy ideas of "reform and opening up" and "one country, two systems" he advocated changed China in the late 20th century and also influenced the world. Therefore, he was twice elected "man of the year" of time magazine in 1978 and 1985.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Born in Paifang village, Xiexing Township, Guang'an County, Sichuan Province on August 22, 1904, named Deng Xiansheng.

In 1909, he went to a private school under the scientific name of Deng Xixian.

In 1910, he entered Xiexing primary school.

In 1915, he studied in Guang'an County primary school.

In 1918, he entered Guang'an County high school.

On May 4, 1919, the anti imperialist Patriotic Movement broke out in Beijing.

In the autumn of 1919, he was admitted to Chongqing work study program preparatory school for studying in France.

In October 1920, he arrived in France and soon went to study in Bayer men's middle school in Normandy.

In April 1921, he worked as a steel rolling worker in Schneider iron and steel complex in krusseau. At the end of the month, he quit his job and went to Paris. In late July, the Communist Party of China was founded. In October, he worked in the brown factory in Jinxiang and was fired two weeks later.

In February 1922, he worked in Hutchinson rubber factory. In the summer of 1922, he joined the Youth Communist Party of China in Europe (renamed the Youth League of Chinese Communism in Europe the next year, also known as the branch of the Youth League of Chinese socialism in Europe).

In the summer of 1923, he joined the Communist Youth League branch in Europe and began his career as a professional revolutionary.

In 1924, he participated in the work of Chiguang, the official publication of the Communist Youth League in Europe. In July, he was elected a member of the Secretariat of the Executive Committee of the Communist Youth League in Europe and became a member of the Communist Party of China.

In the spring of 1925, he served as the special commissioner of Lyon region of the Chinese Communist Party branch in Europe. From June to September, he participated in organizing many large-scale demonstrations and gatherings held by Chinese in France in support of the May 30th anti imperialist movement in China. In November, he worked as a fitter in Renault automobile factory.

On January 17, 1926, Deng Xiaoping set foot on the territory of Russia for the first time. Under the leadership of the representatives of the Moscow branch of the Communist Party of China, he went to Moscow Oriental University to report. After only 12 days in the Communist University of Oriental laborers, Deng Xiaoping transferred to Zhongshan University in Moscow and was assigned to seven classes.

Period of Agrarian Revolution

In the spring of 1927, he returned from the Soviet Union and was sent by the Communist Party of China to work in the Xi'an Zhongshan military school affiliated to Feng Yuxiang's National Union army. He served as director of the political department and Secretary of the Communist Party organization of the school.

After the collapse of the first cooperation between the KMT and the CPC, he changed his name to Deng Xiaoping and attended the emergency meeting of the CPC Central Committee in Wuhan on August 7. He moved to Shanghai with the central government at the end of the year.

He served as Secretary General of the CPC Central Committee from 1928 to 1929.

In early 1928, he married Zhang Xiyuan.

In the summer of 1929, as a representative of the Central Committee, he went to Guangxi to lead the uprising. In December and February of the next year, Deng bin, together with Zhang Yunyi, launched the Baise uprising and the Longzhou uprising, established the seventh and eighth armies of the Chinese workers' and peasants' red army and the Zuojiang and Youjiang Revolutionary Bases, and served as the political commissar and Secretary of the former enemy Committee of the seventh and eighth armies of the Red Army.

In the summer of 1931, he went to Jiangxi central base and successively served as secretary of Ruijin county Party committee, Secretary of Huichang center county Party committee, and Minister of propaganda of Jiangxi provincial Party committee.

In May 1933, he was attacked by the "left" line, dismissed from his post, punished by the "last serious warning" of the party, and became an inspector in Nancun, Le'an county. Soon after, he was transferred to the post of Secretary General of the General Political Department of the Red Army. In August, he edited the Red Star newspaper sponsored by the General Political Department of the Red Army.

In October 1934, with the Central Red Army Long March. At the end of the year, he served as Secretary General of the CPC Central Committee.

In January 1935, he participated in the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Zunyi, Guizhou Province. The meeting established the correct leadership of the new Central Committee represented by Mao Zedong. In June, he was transferred to the propaganda minister of the Political Department of the first Red Army Corps. In October, the central red army arrived in Northern Shaanxi during the long march.

In May 1936, he was appointed deputy director of the Political Department of the first Red Army Corps and later director.

the period of Counter-Japanese War

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he served as deputy director of the Political Department of the Eighth Route Army of the national revolutionary army.

In January 1938, he served as a political commissar of the 129th division of the Eighth Route Army. Together with his division commander Liu Bocheng, he opened up an anti Japanese base in the Shanxi Hebei Henan border region in the Taihang Mountains. From September to November, he participated in the Sixth Plenary Session of the enlarged Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Yan'an. The plenary session determined that the Anti Japanese national united front should be constantly consolidated and expanded, and reiterated the party's policy of independently organizing the people's armed struggle against Japan. Give a report on local work at the meeting.

On July 3, 1939, he participated in the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Yan'an. In September, he married Zhuolin and returned to Taihang mountain together.

From August to December 1940, he took part in commanding the hundred regiments war. The hundred regiments war was the largest strategic offensive campaign launched by the Eighth Route Army against the Japanese army in North China.

On April 15, 1941, he published the article "the party and the Anti Japanese democratic regime", which expounded the basic theories and policies of the Communist Party of China on the establishment of the Anti Japanese democratic regime.

In September 1942, he also served as secretary of Taihang branch of the northern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.

On October 6, 1943, the northern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee merged with the Taihang Branch Bureau, acting as the Secretary of the northern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the work of the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, and took on the overall work of leading the party, government and army in the Anti Japanese base areas behind the enemy in North China under arduous conditions.

In 1945, he was elected as a member of the CPC Central Committee at the Seventh National Congress of the CPC. In August, Japan announced its surrender. At this time, the Anti Japanese base area led by Liu Bocheng had been expanded into Taihang, Taiyue, Hebei, Shandong, Henan and Southern Hebei.

During the war of Liberation

During the war of liberation, he served as political commissar of the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan field army, the Central Plains field army and the second field army of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Secretary of the Central Bureau of Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan, and first Secretary of the Central Plains Bureau and the East China Bureau.

From September to November 1945, together with Liu Bocheng, he led the Shangdang campaign and Handan campaign.

In June 1946, Chiang Kai Shek launched a large-scale attack on the liberated areas of the Central Plains and launched an all-out civil war. From August to January of the next year, he and Liu Bocheng successively organized and commanded the battles of Longhai, Dingtao, juancheng, Huaxian, Juye, Jinxiang and Yutai.

In May 1947, he served as secretary of the Central Plains Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. On June 30, Liu Bocheng and the main force of the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan field army crossed the Yellow River and launched the Southwest Shandong campaign, which opened the prelude to the national strategic offensive of the people's Liberation Army. In August, together with Liu Bocheng, the main force of the field army leaped into the Dabie Mountains. During the heavy siege of the Kuomintang army, he persisted in the struggle in the Dabie Mountains, pushed the front to the North Bank of the Yangtze River, and gained a firm foothold in the Central Plains.

On May 9, 1948, he was the first Secretary of the Central Plains Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and political member of the Central Plains military region and the Central Plains field army. In May, he launched the Wandong campaign with Liu Bocheng. In July, he launched the Xiangfan campaign with Liu Bocheng. From September to January of the following year, the people's Liberation Army carried out the Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin campaigns, destroying the main military forces on which Chiang Kai Shek maintained his reactionary rule. On November 16, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China decided that Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, Deng Xiaoping, Su Yu and Tan Zhenlin would form the General Front Committee, with Deng Xiaoping as secretary to command the Huaihai Campaign. A total of 550000 Kuomintang troops were annihilated in the Huaihai Campaign.

On February 5, 1949, the Central Plains field army was reorganized into the second field army and served as a political commissar. In March, he participated in the second plenary session of the seventh CPC Central Committee and later served as the first Secretary of the East China Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. On March 31, he drafted the outline for the implementation of the Beijing Shanghai Hangzhou campaign for the General Front Committee. From April to may, he, together with Liu Bocheng and Chen Yi, commanded the campaign of crossing the Yangtze River and liberated Nanjing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and other provinces.

In the early days of the people's Republic of China

On September 30, 1949, he was elected a member of the Central People's government at the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference. On October 1, he attended the founding ceremony of the people's Republic of China. On October 19, he was appointed a member of the Chinese people's Revolutionary Military Commission at the third meeting of the Central People's Government Committee. From October to December, he and Liu Bocheng led the troops to march into the southwest and liberate Sichuan, Kang, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces. On November 23, he served as the first Secretary of the Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. On December 2, he served as vice chairman of the Southwest Military and political Commission.

On February 22, 1950, he served as political commissar of Southwest Military Region. This year, he led the land reform, suppression of bandits, construction of political power, recovery and development of production in Southwest China.

In 1951, he led the work in Tibet. Tibet was liberated peacefully.

In July 1952, he was transferred to the central government as Vice Premier and deputy director of the finance and Economics Committee of the administrative yuan of the Central People's Government (changed to the State Council in 1954), and later as director of the communications office of the administrative yuan

Chinese PinYin : Deng Xi Xian