Kuang Heng
Kuang Heng
Kuang Heng (year of birth and death unknown), Donghai County Cheng county (now Lanling County, Shandong Province, southwest, Zaozhuang area) people. Sinologist, official to prime minister. Kuang family has been farming for generations, but Kuang Heng is very studious and hardworking. Due to his poor family, he has to work for others to get the cost of his study. His story of "digging the wall to borrow light" is widely praised by the world.
Life of the characters
Kuang Heng (year of birth and death unknown), word Zhigui, Donghai County Chengxian people. He is a Confucian scholar and Minister of the Western Han Dynasty, and is famous for his poems. From Yuan Dynasty to Han Dynasty, he became prime minister.
Kuang's family has been farming for generations, but Kuang Heng is very studious and hardworking. Due to his poor family, he has to help others to obtain the resources for studying. He studied the book of songs with his doctor at that time. Due to his diligent study, he had a very unique and thorough understanding of the book of songs. At that time, scholars of Confucianism once said that there was no saying about the book of songs and Kuang Ding came. Kuang Heng's explanation of the book of songs can make people feel relaxed, which shows Kuang Heng's deep understanding of the book of songs. But Kuang Heng's official career was not smooth at the beginning. According to the regulations of the Han Dynasty, if a doctoral student masters one of the six classics, he can pass the examination and get an official position. If he gets a, he can be a doctor. If he gets B, he can be a prince. If he gets C, he can only fill in literary anecdotes. Kuang Heng passed the examination nine times before he won the C course and was made up for the literary history of Taiyuan county. However, Kuang Heng's deep understanding of the book of songs was highly valued by scholars at that time, and the emperor yuan, who was the prince at that time, also had a deep liking for Kuang Heng.
After emperor yuan of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he appointed Kuang Heng as a doctor and transferred him to Shizhong. At this time, there was a solar eclipse, earthquake and other catastrophes in Chang'an area of the capital. Kuang Heng took the opportunity to write a letter, quoted the book of songs to show that the upward trend was effective, and advised the Yuan emperor to "reduce the size of the palace, save the beautiful ornaments, examine the system, repair the internal and external, be loyal and upright, and be far cunning," and "be a gentle person, retire the mean official, show the pure and white person, and show the road of no desire" (the biography of Kuang Heng in the book of Han Dynasty, quoted below) And then promote moral education among the people, and carry forward the wind of comity, benevolence and harmony. Kuang Heng's playing book was praised by the Yuan emperor, so Kuang Heng was transferred to Guanglu doctor and Prince Shaofu.
In the later years, emperor yuan of Han Dynasty was very fond of Confucianism, especially the book of songs. He had listened to Kuang Heng's lectures on poetry many times and appreciated Kuang Heng's talent and learning. Therefore, he was appointed as a censor. In the third year of Jianzhao period (36 BC), Wei Xuancheng, the prime minister, died of illness. Kuang Heng became the prime minister again. He granted Le'an Marquis, assisted the emperor, and was the Prime Minister of the whole country. Kuang Heng can be regarded as a typical example of being a supreme minister because of the Ming classics.
During his tenure of office, Kuang Heng wrote many times to state his opinions on the policies of the imperial court, state the way of governing the country, and often participated in the research and discussion of state affairs. He answered correctly according to the classics, and won the trust of the Yuan emperor. Kuang Heng always quoted the book of songs as the basis when the ministers discussed government affairs. He thought that "the sages of the six classics are the masters of heaven and earth, the masters of good and evil, the masters of good and evil, and the masters of humanity. Therefore, if we examine the six meridians, we can get harmony from the hope of heaven, and cultivate plants and insects, which will never be easy. " Kuang Heng's proposition was supported by emperor yuan and Emperor Cheng, which was inseparable from the social custom of respecting Confucianism, emphasizing Confucian classics and saying little about righteousness, which began to rise in the middle of the Han Dynasty. In fact, it was a means used by the rulers of the Han Dynasty to rule the people.
In the later period of emperor yuan of Han Dynasty, Shi Xian, the eunuch, was the order of Zhongshu. He formed a clique for personal gain, controlled the government, encouraged emperor yuan to increase taxes and duties, and exploited the people. But because of the emperor's favor, no one dared to offend him. After emperor Cheng ascended the throne, Kuang Heng impeached Shi Xian, listed his previous crimes, and corrected his party members. This was the last thing Kuang Heng did to eradicate the treacherous and sycophantic people and to be loyal to the Han Dynasty. Soon after, Kuang Heng embezzled money and was demoted as a commoner by Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty. He returned to his hometown and died in his hometown in a few years.
According to the book of Han, at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Shi Xiangui was lucky to be the one who paid homage to Zhongshu, and his power was evil. Kuang Heng, the prime minister, and Zhang Tan, the imperial censor, were both awed by the situation and did not dare to speak.
Emperor yuan of the Han Dynasty granted him the title of Le'an Marquis, and the land of the Marquis's state was originally 310000 mu. Kuang Heng made use of the mistake of the county map to illegally expand the land of more than 40000 mu. During the reign of emperor chengdi, Sili Xiaowei Jun and other officials accused him of "stealing land exclusively" (expanding national boundaries), and he was demoted as a commoner.
Character evaluation
Folk evaluation: "that is, poetry, Kuang henglai, Kuang said poetry, understand people."
Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty said: "Kuang Heng's reputation for resisting Shu is poor, and Liu Xiang's mind is contrary to the Scriptures."
Later evaluation: Kuang Heng is a famous economist and statesman in Han Dynasty. He is hardworking, knowledgeable in ancient times and modern times, peerless in Confucian classics, outspoken in admonishment, upright and respected. Kuang Heng was listed as a famous prime minister in Hanshu and passed down from generation to generation.
Hometown dispute
About Kuang Heng's birthplace, there are now kuangwang village, Lucheng Town, Lanling County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, kuangtan village, Wangzhuang Township, Yicheng District, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, and Lanling Town, Cangshan County, Shandong Province. There is also a saying that Kuang Heng's ancestral home is Donghai Chengren. In the Kuang Heng era, he moved to Zoucheng, Shandong Province, and regarded kuangzhuang village in Zoucheng, Shandong Province as Kuang Heng's hometown.
Anecdotes and allusions
Kuang Heng wanted to study when he was a child, but because his family was poor, he had no money to go to school. Later, he learned to read from a relative, so he had the ability to read.
Kuang Heng couldn't afford books, so he had to borrow them to read. At that time, books were very valuable. People who had books would not lend them to others easily. Kuang Heng did short-term work for the rich during the busy farming season. Instead of paying, he asked for books to be lent to him.
After a few years, Kuang Heng grew up and became the main labor force in his family. He works in the fields all day long. He only has time to read some books when he has a rest at noon, so it often takes ten and a half days to finish reading a volume of books. Kuang Heng was very worried. He thought to himself: I don't have time to read because I grow crops in the daytime. I can spend more time reading in the evening. But Kuang Heng's family is very poor, and he can't afford the oil for lighting. What should he do?
One night, Kuang Heng was lying in bed carrying the books he had read during the day. On my back, I suddenly saw a ray of light on the east wall. He stood up and went to the wall to have a look! It turns out that the light coming from the crack in the wall is the neighbor's light. So Kuang Heng thought of a way: he took a knife and made the crack in the wall bigger. In this way, the light coming through was also big, so he gathered together the light coming in and began to read.
Kuang Heng studied hard and thrifty, and later he became a very learned man. This story is also known as "digging walls to steal light" and "digging walls to borrow light".
Historical records
Biography of prime minister Zhang in historical records
The fifty first biography of Kuang Zhang Kong and MA in the history of Han Dynasty
Family members
Sons: Kuang Chang, Kuang Xian
cemetery
Kuang Heng tomb is located 14 Li southwest of Yicheng, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province. The mound is about 4 meters high and 35 meters in diameter. During the "Cultural Revolution", a pit was dug by the red guards in the south of fengtudui, about 2 meters deep, not reaching the tomb. Kuang Heng temple in the south of the tomb was rebuilt in the 40th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. Only one tombstone is left, inscribed by Zhang Yushu, the magistrate of Yi County during the reign of Emperor Qianlong: "the tomb of Kuangheng, the Prime Minister of Han Dynasty.".
Chinese PinYin : Kuang Heng
Kuang Heng
