Fu Ying
Fu Ying
Fu Ying (1902.1.19 ~ 1979.9.7), named Xiao Hong, was born in Beijing. His ancestral home is Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. He is the main founder of colloidal science in China.
He devoted himself to the cause of science and education for more than half a century, and made contributions to the development of basic theory of surface chemistry and the cultivation of chemical talents. He advocated scientific research in Colleges and universities, established the first teaching and Research Department of colloidal chemistry in China, and trained the first batch of graduate students.
Life of the characters
Fu Ying was born in Beijing on January 19, 1902. In his childhood, he was influenced by his father Fu Yangxian, who worked in the Ministry of foreign affairs. He deeply felt that the country was frequently bullied by foreign powers, which was caused by the poverty of the country and the corruption of the Qing government. Therefore, he sprouted the desire to strengthen the country and enrich the people.
In 1919, Fu Ying entered the Department of chemistry of Yanjing University to study. The May 4th Movement and New Youth magazine had a great influence on him. From then on, he studied hard and determined to save the country by science.
In 1922, he went to the United States to study at public expense and studied in the Department of chemistry of the University of Michigan. Six years later, he received a doctorate in science from the Graduate School of the University of Michigan at the age of 26.
In 1928, Fu Ying's doctoral dissertation was read out in the United States and received high praise. An American Chemical Company immediately sent someone to hire him to work with favorable treatment. After discussing with his girlfriend Zhang Jin, who was studying in the United States, he declined and decided to go back to his motherland. They said: "we spent a lot of money to study abroad. Now if we stay to work for the United States, I'm sorry for the Chinese."
In 1929, at the invitation of Shenyang Northeast University, he left the United States and returned home. When the ship was sailing in the Pacific Ocean, Fu Ying wrote a poem and presented it to Zhang Jin, who is still studying for a doctorate in organic chemistry at the University of Illinois When we come back, we will work together to clean up the old mountains and rivers! "
1930-1931, Professor of Peking Union Medical College.
From 1931 to 1934, he was a professor of Qingdao University.
From 1934 to 1939, he was a professor of Chongqing University.
After teaching in Northeastern University, Fu Ying went to Peking Union Medical College and Qingdao University. At that time, when the Japanese aggressors launched the war of aggression to annex the three provinces in eastern China, he went to Chongqing University.
From 1939 to 1944, he was professor and Dean of Xiamen University.
Since 1939, Fu Ying and his wife have been teaching in Xiamen University in Changting, Fujian Province. In 1941, Fu Ying served as the dean and Dean of the school of science. When Fu Ying returned to China for more than 10 years, he deeply realized the poverty of the country and the pain of being invaded by foreign powers, and witnessed the corruption of the Kuomintang rule and the miserable situation of the poor people. He can only pour His blood into the test tube and beaker, contribute his youth to the cause of chemical education, and hope for the future. SA Bentong, President of Xiamen University, highly valued Fu Ying's knowledge and conduct, and recommended him to take over the post of president in his illness. At the same time, Chen Lifu, the leader of the Kuomintang CC faction, came to Xiamen University to persuade him to join the Kuomintang. But Fu Ying said stubbornly: "I would rather not be the president or the headmaster than join the Kuomintang!" And excuse go out to recruit students, to Chen Lifu avoid. The news of Fu Ying's daring to stand up to the KMT became a good story in the field of culture and education. However, he was unable to gain a foothold in Xiamen University, so he had to return to Chongqing in 1944. However, his Chongqing University and Chongqing power oil factory were unable to carry out the research work at that time.
From 1944 to 1945, he was professor of Chongqing University and director of the laboratory of Chongqing power oil factory.
In 1945, Fu Ying continued his research work at the University of Michigan, while Zhang Jin was invited to teach at Cornell University by the famous biochemist Du Fenyou (1955 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry).
From 1945 to 1950, he went to the United States again as a researcher at the University of Michigan. At the University of Michigan, Fu Ying once again cooperated with his former tutor and famous colloid scientist Professor Barthel in the research of surface chemistry, and successively published many creative papers, which attracted the attention of international chemical colleagues.
On April 20-21, 1949, the news of the Chinese people's Liberation Army shelling the British warship Amethyst invading the Yangtze River and Premier Zhou Enlai's strong protest against the British spread to the United States. Fu Ying immediately communicated with Zhang Jin in New York, and both decided to return to the motherland as soon as possible. Professor Barthel, Fu Ying's tutor, wanted to retain him in many ways and was willing to let him succeed as the director of the research center. But his long cherished wish to do his best for his motherland made him overcome all other considerations, and moved Barthel to get his support. However, due to the anti Chinese policy of the US authorities, Fu Ying and his wife lost their jobs. After more than a year of struggle, they were finally allowed to leave the United States in late August 1950, boarded the "Wilson" passenger ship in San Francisco and headed for the New Republic. He arrived in Shenzhen in early October and was warmly welcomed by representatives of the people's government. Fu Ying, the "scientist that America can't keep twice", returned to his motherland again.
In August 1950, he returned from the United States and arrived in Beijing in October. Professor of Peking University and Tsinghua University.
From 1952 to 1954, he was a professor of Beijing Institute of petroleum.
From 1954 to 1979, he was a professor of Peking University.
In 1955, he was elected member of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In 1962, he was appointed Vice President of Peking University.
After arriving in Beijing, Fu Ying immediately devoted himself to socialist construction. Faced with the situation of a hundred wastes waiting for prosperity, he was full of enthusiasm and obeyed the assignment. He successively taught at Peking University and Tsinghua University. When Beijing Institute of petroleum was established, it happily took on a new post of petroleum education. Zhang Jin has also taught in Peking University and Beijing Petroleum Institute.
In 1954, he was transferred back to Peking University. Since then, they have been working hard in Yanyuan. He worked hard for 25 years until the end of his life.
Fu Ying died of illness in Beijing on September 7, 1979. Comrade Deng Xiaoping personally gave instructions to solemnly mourn this great patriot who worked diligently and tenaciously and contributed his whole life to the cause of science and education. Fu Ying's profound knowledge, noble moral character, realistic style and patriotism will always be praised and admired by people.
Main achievements
Achievements in scientific research
Fu Ying has been engaged in the research of colloid and surface chemistry for a long time, especially in the adsorption theory of surface chemistry. The adsorption and wetting of montmorillonite, rheology of drilling mud, theory and application of ion exchange and mineral flotation are also studied. Many practical problems in production are solved. It is the first scientific definition that "moistening heat is a measure of total surface energy change rather than free surface energy change, and the latter is a measure of adhesion tension". A formula and method for determining specific surface area of solid powder by moistening heat is proposed, which is 8 years earlier than the famous bet gas adsorption method.
Fu Ying. Chemical research in Colleges and Universities - a trilogy. Chemical bulletin, 1955, 9:513-520
Ding Ying Ru, Fu Ying. Adsorption in mixed solution I. adsorption of hydrochloric acid acetic acid, acetic acid oxalic acid and hydrochloric acid oxalic acid. Acta chemica Sinica, 1955, 21:337-354
Gu Tiren, Fu Ying. Extraction analysis of binary mixed acids. Acta Chem Sinica, 1961,27:129-145
Fu Ying, Liao Shijian. Adsorption of n-alcohols on silica gel; energy change in the process of adsorption of n-alcohols on silica gel. Journal of Catalysis Research Report 1959. Beijing: Science Press, 1962, 43-45
Pioneer of surface chemistry research
Fu Ying is one of the few outstanding physical chemists in China, especially in the study of colloid and surface chemistry. Since his youth, he has been deeply interested in many of the earliest examples of colloid application, such as the manufacture of pottery, the invention of paper and ink, and the processing of pasta by our ancestors. Colloidal science is a science that studies the dispersion system and surface (Interface) phenomena of substances in a certain medium. Although the application of colloid is almost as long as the history of human civilization, the systematic theoretical research on colloid began after the 20th century. When Fu Ying came to the United States to study in the early 1920s, he joined in the pioneering research of colloid and surface chemistry. At the University of Michigan graduate school, he studied surface phenomena and adsorption, and colloidal systems. He devoted himself to research and had the courage to explore, and achieved systematic and pioneering fruitful results, which was highly valued and praised by the international academic community.
In the 1920s, his comprehensive experimental research and theoretical analysis on adsorption and various factors affecting solid adsorption from solution have become an important part of adsorption theory.
In 1929, Fu Ying published his doctoral dissertation. He used silica gel to adsorb fatty acids from aqueous solution, which proved that the longer the carbon chain is, the smaller the adsorption capacity is. That is to say, he found that the adsorption rule of homologues is sometimes completely opposite to the famous Traube rule. The Trobe rule was originally used to measure the surface activity of organic straight chain homologues in aqueous solution. In 1926, fullntrich, known as the master of colloidal chemistry, further described Traube's rule as "when organic matter is adsorbed from aqueous solution, the adsorption capacity increases regularly with the increase of chain length
Chinese PinYin : Fu Ying
Fu Ying
