Yang Xiuqing

Yang Xiuqing

Yang Xiuqing

(1823-1856), named Silong, was born in Guiping, Guangxi (now dongwangchongnei, Mushan village, Zijing Town, Guiping City, Guangxi), a Hakka. One of the important leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

He came from a poor family and worked as a farmer. Join the God worship Association and launch the Jintian uprising. In the first year of Xianfeng, he was granted the title of "king of the East", which was called "nine thousand years old", ranking under the Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan, and his power fell to the government and the opposition. After the Taiping army conquered the Jiangnan camp of the Qing army, it had become the leader of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, integrating religious power, political power and military power.

In September of 1856, Yang Xiuqing was killed in the Tianjing incident, and his family members were not spared.

Life of the characters

Less suffering

In 1823, Yang Xiuqing was born into a poor peasant family in pingai new village, Zijing mountain, Guiping City, Guangxi. His father was Yang Yaqi and his mother was Gu. He lost his father at the age of 5 and his mother at the age of 9. He was raised by his uncle Yang Qingshan. When Yang Xiuqing was an adult, he had no land to cultivate, so he could only plant mountains and burn charcoal. He often had to cross mountains and mountains to sell coal. Under the exploitation of merchants, he returned a liter and a half of rice and lived a life of hunger and cold. This background makes Yang Xiuqing a well-known and friendly person. He has never been to school and has few literacy. He is popular in his hometown of Zijingshan.

Wen Jiao joined the Association

In 1843, Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan of Huaxian County, Guangdong Province founded the God worship society and began to spread the doctrine in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. In 1845, in the process of searching for a secret activity base, Feng Yunshan took a fancy to the Zijingshan area. He joined here as a teacher and began to publicize the doctrines. In 1846, under the influence of Feng Yunshan, Yang Xiuqing joined the God worship Association.

At first, Yang Xiuqing was just an ordinary member, but he was not in the forefront of the anti Qing struggle. At the end of February 1847, Feng Yunshan was jailed in Guiping for destroying the temple with the audience. Hong Xiuquan returned to Guangzhou for rescue. At this moment, God worshippers will suddenly be persecuted by the landlord forces, and they will fall into a paralyzed state without the leadership of the leader, and their hearts will be shaken. At this time, Yang Xiuqing stood up. By using the local superstitious witchcraft of child birth, he disguised himself as "possessed by gods" to convey the imperial edict on behalf of the heavenly Father, thus consolidating the God worship Association. After he was released from prison, Feng Yunshan and Hong Xiuquan returned to Guangxi. Although they know that Yang Xiuqing's disguise as his heavenly father is a kind of leftist witchcraft, they see that it has played such a big role in the masses and think it can be used. As a result, Yang Xiuqing officially gained the special status of preaching on behalf of his father and became one of the leaders of the society.

Jintian Uprising

At the end of 1850, Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan deployed the uprising work in Huazhou Shanren village, and issued the order of regiment camp, which required all worshippers to sell their land and concentrate in Jintian village. The headquarters of regiment camp was located in Jintian village, which was presided over by Yang Xiuqing, Xiao Chaogui and Shi Dakai. After the local landlord forces got the information, they united with the Qing garrison to stop the congregation who went to Jintian village. Yang Xiuqing used "heavenly father coming down to earth" to organize the team to fight back many times, opening the way for Jintian uprising. In December, the Jintian uprising was successful.

In February 1851, Hong Xiuquan ascended the throne in Dongxiang, Wuxuan. He made himself the king of heaven and Yang Xiuqing the military adviser. He officially announced the establishment of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. At the beginning of the uprising, the peasants' indifference and selfishness greatly affected the fighting. Yang Xiuqing repeatedly used "heavenly father coming down to earth" to preach and convey the belief of victory, and successfully assembled the will and strength of the whole army. In the summer of 1851, as the Qing army began to encircle and suppress the uprising army, and continued to increase its forces, Yang Xiuqing decided to lead the army to break through. In September, on the way to break through the encirclement, Yang Xiuqing led the Taiping army to ambush the Qing army of Xiang Rongbu who came to suppress in Pingnan Guancun, causing the latter to retreat from Pingnan County. Yang Xiuqing took the opportunity to command the Taiping army to move northward, conquering the city of Yong'an on the 25th, successfully highlighting the encirclement.

East King

At the end of 1851, Hong Xiuquan was enfeoffed as kings in Yong'an, and Yang Xiuqing was appointed as the commander of the Taiping army. After the Taiping army conquered Yong'an, the Qing Dynasty mobilized a large army to encircle it, and bribed Zhou Xineng, the commander of the Taiping army, to prepare to attack the city of Yong'an in response to internal and external cooperation. Yang Xiuqing, who got the information, pretended to be the "father of heaven", locked Zhou Xineng and exposed the fact that he had defected to the enemy. The intelligence acquisition and handling of this conspiracy not only destroyed the Qing army's plan to attack Yong'an in response to foreign cooperation, but also greatly encouraged the Taiping Army and strengthened their belief in victory.

In April 1852, Yang Xiuqing led the Taiping army to break through the encirclement from Yong'an and take Guilin to the north. On the way, he successfully ambushed and annihilated more than 2000 troops in the Dadong valley of longliaoling. Yang Xiuqing led his army to Take Quanzhou from the north and prepare to enter Hunan. Yang Xiuqing was forced to change his route to the north because of the heavy losses caused by ambush and the sacrifice of Nanwang Feng Yunshan. He turned to capture Daozhou, Jianghua, Yongming and other towns. In June, the Taiping Army entered Hunan.

March into Jiangnan

In June 1852, in order to call on the revolutionary forces all over the country to join forces to fight against the Qing Dynasty, Yang Xiuqing and Xiao Chaogui, the Western King, jointly issued three proclamations, namely, the order of killing demons and saving the world, the order of pacifying the people, the order of asking for Hu Xi from heaven and the order of saving all natural beings, to denounce the Qing Dynasty. These three proclamations successfully triggered the uprisings of all ethnic groups.

In July 1852, Yang Xiuqing led the Taiping army to besiege Changsha. Two months later, because Changsha was unable to attack for a long time, the leading group disagreed on the next strategic action. Yang Xiuqing analyzed the situation and put forward the strategic policy of marching into the south of the Yangtze River, which was approved by most leaders including Hong Xiuquan. The formulation of this strategic policy pushed the Taiping Rebellion across the country. In December, Yang Xiuqing led the Taiping army to attack Wuchang and Hanyang by land and water, and occupied the two places in January of the next year. In March 1853, Yang Xiuqing commanded the Taiping army to move eastward along the Yangtze River to Nanjing, and captured it 11 days later. So far, the plan to march into the south of the Yangtze River was completed.

Capital: Tianjing

After entering Nanjing, Yang Xiuqing first straightened out the business rules and legislated to pacify the people. After Hong Xiuquan arrived, he and Hong Xiuquan agreed to officially change Nanjing to Tianjing, and set up the peasant revolutionary regime of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom opposite to the Qing Dynasty. In May 1853, Yang Xiuqing dispatched two elite troops from Tianjing to attack the capital in the north and Hunan and Jiangxi in the West. After the northern expedition, it was completely destroyed in fengguantun, Shandong Province, in 1855 because of the lack of support. However, the vanguard of the western expedition arrived in Xiangtan at the beginning of 1854. After encountering Zeng Guofan's Hunan army, he suffered heavy setbacks and retreated all the way from Xiangtan to hukou. At the critical moment, Yang Xiuqing ordered Wang shidakai to go for reinforcement. At the end of 1854, he won a great victory in Hukou, and the western expedition took the opportunity to recapture the vast areas of Hubei and Jiangxi.

At the end of 1853, when the main force of the Taiping army was engaged in the Northern Expedition and the western expedition, the Qing army began to hoard troops around Tianjing, build two camps in Jiangbei and Jiangnan, and launched an uninterrupted attack on Tianjing. In order to improve the situation of Tianjing, Yang Xiuqing decided to dispatch troops from the battlefield of the western expedition to destroy two barracks. In February 1856, Qin Rigang, the king of Yan, broke the Jiangbei camp. After months of fighting, the army was very tired. After breaking the Jiangbei camp, Qin Rigang wanted to lead his troops back to Tianjing to rest. However, Yang Xiuqing, considering that the Jiangnan camp was isolated, should make a concerted effort to attack it, so he strictly ordered Qin Rigang to continue to attack the Jiangnan camp. Even Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng could not shake his determination. In June 1856, the Taiping army broke through the Jiangnan camp, which threatened Tianjing for three years. The two camps in Jiangnan and Jiangbei were finally destroyed.

After the Taiping army conquered the Jiangnan camp in 1856, Yang Xiuqing had the same reputation for a time. He was the supreme ruler of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in essence, which was a combination of religious power, political power and military power.

Tianjing Incident

Since the establishment of the capital of Tianjing in 1853, Yang Xiuqing frequently used the privilege of passing on imperial edicts on behalf of his heavenly Father, most of which were to deal with internal contradictions and exclude dissidents. In August 1856, after commanding the Taiping army to break the Jiangnan camp, Yang Xiuqing, on the ground of his great achievements, passed a decree on behalf of his heavenly Father, asking Hong Xiuquan to seal him from "nine thousand years old" to "long live". Taking this as an example, Chen Chengyu, the leader of the internal government, told Hong Xiuquan that Yang Xiuqing wanted to usurp the throne. When Hong Xiuquan learned of this, he immediately sent a secret imperial edict to let Wei Changhui, the northern king, and Shi Dakai, the winged king, return to Tianjing to kill Yang Xiuqing.

On September 2, 1856, the Tianjing incident broke out. Wei Changhui led 3000 soldiers to raid the East Prince's residence in the night. Yang Xiuqing, his family members and members were almost slaughtered.

Political talent

Since 1851, Yang Xiuqing has been the commander and Prime Minister of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Under his administration, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was highly centralized, and all the administrative affairs of the whole country were centralized to the central government. Hong Rengan said in his legislative proclamation, "that is, the rank of the last member will be changed from the heavenly court, and the film and text will be published from Beijing.".

Yang Xiuqing strictly maintained order and carried out discipline. According to the records of the politics and religion of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, "all people, without exception, have their own posts and responsibilities, and all actions follow the track and follow the rules, just like the mechanism of a clock.".

Yang Xiuqing chooses talent and employs people with a certain degree of rewards and punishments. According to the collection of thief's feelings, the law is very strict. In case of failure or violation of private property, the heavy one will be beheaded, while the light one will be punished. He does not dare to show partiality and has no tolerance. Those who have made great contributions have also been promoted beyond the time limit. However, those who are rebellious and unruly are willing to serve in the army until they are faced with a stone without fear, and when they are plastered with grass without regret. ".

Military talent

Yang Xiuqing began to take charge of military affairs in 1851. In the same year, he promulgated the Taiping Army regulations, including the "Ten Essentials of the regulations for setting up a camp" and the "Ten Essentials of the regulations for running a camp"

Chinese PinYin : Yang Xiu Qing