Ni Yuanlu

Ni Yuanlu

Ni Yuanlu (January 7, 1594 to April 25, 1644) was born in Shangyu, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. Officials and calligraphers in the late Ming Dynasty.

In the second year of Tianqi (1622), Ni Yuanlu was a Jinshi in the middle school. He was a master of Jiangxi provincial examination. In 1635, he served as the son of the state to offer wine. He was accused of "concubine posing as wife". After returning to the south, he lived in Shaoxing City. Chongzhen 15 years (1642) began to serve as the right Minister of the Ministry of war and Shijian bachelor, the next year worship the Ministry of household secretary and Hanlin academy bachelor, and soon also took charge of the Ministry of officials. At the beginning of 1644, the Dashun army approached Beijing. Ni Yuanlu asked for the Nanjing Palace to be built in case of accident, but it was not adopted. In March, when Beijing fell, Ni Yuanlu hanged himself to die for the festival. In the first year of Hongguang (1645) of the Southern Ming Dynasty, Shaobao and Libu Shangshu were given posthumous title of "Wenzheng". After the Qing Dynasty, the posthumous title was Wen Zhen.

Ni Yuanlu's calligraphy is delicate and ingenious, especially his cursive style. He is most assisted by Wang Youjun, Yan Lugong and Su Dongpo. He uses his brush edge to show his boundlessness. He sometimes has a desire to write with thick ink. His writing style is strange and varied, and his calligraphy style is marvelous. Later generations have praised him as "three wonders" of "pen, character and Ge Qi", "three feet" of "power, meaning and rhyme". He broke through the soft and charming style of calligraphy in the late Ming Dynasty and created calligraphy with strong personality. He stood on a par with Huang Daozhou and Wang Duo and was known as "the three trees of calligraphy in the late Ming Dynasty". He also became the representative of the style of calligraphy in the late Ming Dynasty with Wang Duo, Fu Shan, Huang Daozhou and Zhang ruitu. The representative work has the axis of "walking grass poem". He is also able to write poems and essays, and is the author of Ni Wenzhen's collection.

(source: the portrait of Ni Yuanlu painted by Ming Dynasty in Anhui Provincial Museum)

Life of the characters

In the second year of the apocalypse, Ni Yuanlu became a Jinshi, changed into a Shu Jishi, and granted editing. Ni Yuanlu, Huang Daozhou and Liu Lishun were all the students of Yuan Keli. Their death was the most tragic and tragic, and they were recognized as loyal all over the world.

Ni Yuanlu, Huang Daozhou and Wang Duo all became Jinshi in the second year of Tianqi. At that time, sun Chengzong and Yuan Keli were examiners. Later, the two gongs joined forces to fight against the Qing Dynasty and built the Liaohai barrier together, and they were not liked by the eunuchs. Some people pointed out that they were sun Dang from then on. Yuan Lu once wrote yuan Keli's praise of the great Sima statue of yuan jiehuan, which was full of admiration for his ancestors. Canonize De Fu, remove disease to return. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi provincial examination was held.

If the order is restored, Emperor Zhuang Liedi will be punished and Wei Zhongxian will be killed. Yang Weiyuan, who is against the last evil also, to the upper Shu and slander Donglin, Cui, Wei. In the first month of the first year of Chongzhen, it was said that when I read the Zhangzuo, those who attacked Cui and Wei would be called evil party together with Donglin. Who will be named Cui and Wei? Cui and Wei are evil to the party, and those who attack the loyal and the virtuous are evil to the party! Donglin is a place of talent in the world. It may be called "not BOC" or "not crazy". If the world talks about it, it is better to borrow it than lose its name; if scholars act on their own, it is better to correct it than to forget honesty. Since taking the pretext of rectifying and impetuous as the major culprit, the men of Puma and tiger openly recited the name of bank and broke the corner of integrity. If we continue to praise virtue, we will persuade them to enter; if we continue to build temples, we will call song. But the person is still lenient and says: "have no alternative, have to however ear." Fill this helpless, have to however of heart, will again why not! It's a mistake for those who criticize my disciples only for their loyalty and kindness. After today's prison, Tang Huo was the only one left. He had been worshipped by Ming Lun for many times to use. However, those who were involved in it still used Taoism to seal the territory and held it as an iron case. Do you want to prevent his revenge? But I think it's too much. In recent years, Donglin has flattered Cui and Wei, but he has lost himself. Why should Donglin retaliate? If you don't attach Cui and Wei, and you can attack them, you'll be Qiao Yue. Although Bai Donglin and Wu can retaliate? The minister also read the imperial edict, and there was an edict that "Han Yuqing was loyal and persistent, and I learned from it.". Recently, I heard that there are many similarities and differences in the opinions of the court officials, which can be regarded as a big surprise. Wang Xiangye is Guangwei. He has no theory. That is to say, he is like a red pill. The whole country is boiling. He only talks about it. My husband and grandson should be cautious, and a gentleman should not be attached to him, not to mention others! But now, when the push is not enough and the point is burning, he only uses his vote to draw up Xiong Tingbi's case. Tingbi should be punished. It's not said that he is not doing nothing. There are many disciples after the failure of the frontier. But he wants to kill Tingbi alone. Is that fair? This is the reason why the pen is written in the pavilion. However, if Tingbi didn't die in the feudalism but in the situation, if he didn't die in the Legalists but in the traitors, then it can't be said that the later people can kill Tingbi, but the latter can't. Another example is the CI Minister Wen Zhen and Meng Zheng's learning strength. He had the ancient minister's products. In March, he lived as an official and said that he was guilty. He took the Fang's Luo Lun and Shu Fen. Now the purpose of using it again, the fallacy of the tan endless, will not be the door two words can not be mentioned again? What's the difference? Academies and ancestral halls are the winners and losers. If ancestral halls are destroyed, should academies not be repaired!

Those who were in charge of the state were loyal to the party and spared the party, so that they could not be held responsible. So Wei Yuan refuted Yuan Lu. Yuan Lu re Shu said: Chen Qian Shu was originally Wei Yuan FA Ye. His Majesty's decree says: "it is no longer the rule of the army to separate the door", it is said that "turning differences into similarities", it is said that "the world is for the public", and Wei Yuan advocates the theory of sun Dang, Zhao Dang, Xiong Dang and Zou Dang. It's that your majesty is in the corner, but Wei Yuan is not; your majesty is in the right, but Wei Yuan is not willing to.

Weiyuan strange minister Sheng called Donglin, Donglin tried to push Li Sancai and protect Xiong Tingbi. Yizhi Donglin attacked Wei Zhongxian's Yang Lian and impeached Cui Chengxiu's Gao Panlong for the first time! Wei Yuan called them "the Lord of the factory", "the factory officials don't love money", "the factory officials know that they are for the country and the people"? For the crime of five tigers and five biaos, the criminal officer only wanted to deprive him, but Wei Yuan didn't refute it. How could he punish Ting Bi? Weiyuan was also called Hanyu. It is unfair for her to neglect what she has to do. The theory that Tingbi offered bribes is that Zhongxian framed Qingliu to recover the stolen land for Yang and Zuo. Who knows, is that Weiyuan is still in charge? Weiyuan was also called wenzhenmeng. How can it be wrong for a man to break his hat when he is shocked by a man and cut off by a man? Wei Yuan tried to see who was the best couple in the past few years. From then on, those who are afraid of breaking their hats and taking measures to build their ancestral temple, and those who wish to build their ancestral temple on the basis of moral principles, and those who wish to build their ancestral temple on the basis of jade, wish to call their father and nine thousand years old, but don't be ashamed! Weiyuan was also called Zou yuanbiao. The husband said that it is not right to talk together in Dumen, but it is not right to talk in yuanbiao. On that day, Zhongxian expelled all the people and destroyed the Academy. They wanted to clamp the mouth of the scholars and officials and act unjustly. In the Yuan Dynasty, Zibiao was driven by the false learning, while in the Yuan Dynasty, he was driven by the true Confucianism. In the Academy, he seemed to bow to the sage as a level friend. So that Yuan Biao's people are here! Weiyuan also refuted the minister's insinuation. In the time of Cui and Wei, all of them were sincere and straightforward, and praised virtue and built ancestral temples. How can a man not praise or build under the pretext of remonstrance! Wei Yuan thought that he was a real villain. When he was full, he could attack him. He thought that it was not a plan. It's too late to attack it! Such as Cui and Wei, they have been running through for a long time. If they don't meet Shengming, who will attack them? Wei Yuan finally had no choice but to praise virtue and build ancestral temple, but he thought it was not discipline. If Chen Xiu were to dance and become a minister to Ni Li, would all the ministers think that they have nothing to do? He also ordered rebellious officials to be robbed by soldiers. The envoys were rebellious, and all the officials were also reckless. Did they think they had nothing to do? Wei Yuan and Cui Weizhi's case was also regarded as "improper" and "improper". His wife's taste is determined by Cui and Wei. Therefore, there are people in Donglin who are hated by Cui and Wei for their conflict with each other and who are afraid of their talent and hope and want to kill them. There are those who attack Donglin. Although they are borrowed by Cui and Wei, they are also upright. Cui and Wei define the evil and the right, but they are more beautiful than the mirror. Wei Yuan doesn't take evidence here, but an takes evidence!

In a word, Donglin's detestation lies in the fact that it is only deep in adversity, and its disaster is only cool. In today's times, when the original song was suppressed, it should not be the flaw of its size. It's not good to make a point.

Those who are in charge of the country will slander each other. At that time, although the main culprit was in danger, his followers were still prosperous, and they did not dare to praise Donglin. Since Yuan Lu came out, the discussion of Qing Dynasty has become more and more clear, and the good category has also entered.

Yuan Lu looks for the assistant. In April of his year, he destroyed the three dynasties important canon, saying: "the three arguments of Li strike, Hong Wan and Yi Gong coaxed Qingliu, while the book three dynasties important canon was completed in the reverse direction. The book must be destroyed as soon as possible. Gai and Yingting started to argue with each other. Those who fight against the main stile will protect the East Palace and those who fight against the stile will pacify the ancestors. Those who advocate the red pill are righteous, while those who fight for the red pill are original. Those who moved the palace were the first to change, while those who moved the palace were the second. The number of each has its own right, can not be biased. It's a good game for us to have a good chance of fighting against him. Since Yang Lian's twenty-four crimes were scattered and Wei Guangwei's generation was very popular, he borrowed three cases to kill people and three cases to seek wealth. Through these two borrowings, the three cases are totally different. Therefore, it is another game for those who advocate filial piety to the former Emperor and praise virtue to his adoptive father. The net is dense and hesitant, and there are scales left. The potential is heavy and you may worry about its turning over. Cui and Wei traitors began to create a private edition with the title of Yaodian, which is the monument of Zhongzheng's party and the iron certificate of Shanggong. Another round. From this point of view, the three cases are the public opinions of the world; the Yaodian is the private book of Wei. The three cases are from the three cases, and Yaodian is from Yaodian. Today, the author of this paper has not thought deeply. The minister said that turning over is noisy, and changing is complicated, but only destroying it. " The emperor ordered the Minister of rites to discuss in detail. At the meeting, they burned their boards. He was loyal to the party. When he heard about it, he cried and the whole world laughed.

Yuan Lu Li moved to Nanjing Siye and youzhongyun. Four years, into the right Yu De, full of Japanese speaking officials, into the right son. The eight strategies of Shangzhi Shiba are as follows: jianzabu, xujingyi, youshoubing and Jingjing

Chinese PinYin : Ni Yuan Lu