Zhang Xianliang

Zhang Xianliang

Zhang Xianliang (December 1936 - September 27, 2014), native to Xuyi, Jiangsu Province, is a contemporary Chinese writer, collector and calligrapher. He once served as vice chairman and chairman of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Federation of literary and art circles, chairman of Ningxia Branch of China Writers Association, member of the sixth CPPCC National Committee, member of the presidium of China Writers Association, and chairman of Huaxia western film and Television City Co., Ltd.

He was born in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province in December 1936. In 1951, he went to Beijing to study. In 1954, after graduating from high school, because he didn't go to university, he volunteered to go to Northwest China to become a clerical officer in the countryside of Helan County, Gansu Province. During the "anti rightist movement" in July 1957, he was wrongly classified as a "rightist" because of his poem "song of gale", and was escorted to the farm for "labor reform" for 22 years. In September 1979, it was completely rehabilitated. In 1980, he published such short stories as the story of old man Xing and dog, spirit and flesh. In 1984, he published the novella green tree. In 1985, he published the novel half a man is a woman. In 2008, he published the novel "160 million" in harvest magazine. On the afternoon of September 27, 2014, he died of advanced lung cancer at the age of 78.

Character experience

He was born in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province in December 1936. During the Anti Japanese War, he studied in Chongqing, Sichuan Province. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he went back to Nanjing with his family to study in middle school. In 1951, he went to Beijing to study. In 1954, after graduating from high school, because he didn't go to university, he volunteered to go to Northwest China to become a clerical officer in the countryside of Helan County, Gansu Province. In 1956, he was transferred to Gansu cadre culture school as a literature teacher, and began to try literary creation. He published more than 60 poems, such as night song and song at dawn.

During the "anti rightist movement" in July 1957, Zhang Xianliang created the poem "dafengge", which was published in the influential Literature Monthly "Yanhe" at that time, causing great concern and fierce criticism. On September 1, the people's Daily published an article signed "dafengge", and the poet Gong Liu criticized "dafengge" as an anti party and anti socialist speech and thought, "Song of gale" has become a representative work of rightist speech. Zhang Xianliang was put on the hat of rightist and put into the reform through labor farm near Yinchuan city to live an isolated life as a prisoner.

Zhang Xianliang spent most of his rightist career in reform through labor and reeducation through labor. During this period, he was sentenced to three years' imprisonment on the charge of "writing reactionary notes and failing to report information"; he was sentenced to three years' Reeducation through labor on the charge of "rightist overturning the case" again in the "social education movement"; he was promoted to "counter revolutionary revisionist" by the mass dictatorship in the "Cultural Revolution"; in 1970, he was sentenced to death When he was put into the prison of the agricultural reclamation corps, he was arrested for reform through labor as soon as the movement started, and after several years of reform through labor, he was transferred to another farm for employment and reeducation through labor.

In September 1979, Zhang Xianliang was completely rehabilitated. In 1980, he was transferred to Ningxia Shuofang literature magazine and published the story of old man Xing and dog, spirit and flesh and other short stories. In the same year, he joined the Chinese Writers Association. In 1981, he began to write professional literature. In 1982, the film the horse herder, adapted from the novel spirit and flesh, was released. In 1983, the novels "soul and flesh" and "shoerbrak" won the national excellent short story Award; in the same year, they were elected members of the sixth CPPCC National Committee.

In 1984, he published the novella green tree, which describes the life and thought process of intellectuals in adversity, and won the third national excellent novella award. In the same year, he was invited to visit Norway, Sweden and Denmark. In 1985, he published his novel half a man is a woman, which describes the contradiction between human nature and life after being suppressed and distorted in a special environment, causing widespread controversy. In the same year, he was invited to the United States to participate in Iowa's "international writing program".

In October 1987, he published the dialectics of writing novels, which included 33 articles published by Zhang Xianliang in newspapers and periodicals from 1957 to August 1986. These articles introduced the author's creative experience, creative thinking and thinking in the process of writing novels. In January 1989, he published the novel habit death.

In 1992, he went to the sea to do business instead of writing. In 1993, he founded Huaxia western film and Television Co., Ltd. and served as the chairman of Huaxia western film and Television City Co., Ltd., establishing zhenbeibao western film and television city. In March 1995, he published a collection of essays, marginal sketches. In December 1996, he published a collection of essays, fiction. In 1997, he published a collection of essays, novel China. In February 1998, he published a collection of essays, the pursuit of wisdom. In December 1999, he published the collection of novels adolescence. In June 2000, he published the tour guide series "I and zhenbeibao in Western China Film and television city".

In February 2008, he published a collection of essays "another way of thinking of Chinese literati"; in the same year, he published the novel "160 million" in harvest magazine. In February 2009, the novel 106 million was published. Since the beginning of 2010, Zhang Xianliang has donated 1.5-1.8 million yuan per year in his own name to carry out "life-saving action" for the poor patients in Ningxia. In 2013, he was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. On the afternoon of September 27, 2014, he died of advanced lung cancer at the age of 78. Cover of Zhang Xianliang's works

Personal life

Zhang Xianliang's ancestral home is Xuyi county, Jiangsu Province. When his grandfather Zhang Ming was studying in the United States in his early years, he joined the alliance founded by Sun Yat Sen and became a diplomat of the Kuomintang government after returning home. Zhang Xianliang's mother is a talented woman with a scholarly family in Anhui Province. A few months after she married Zhang Younong, Zhang Younong returned to Xi'an with Zhang Xueliang, and Zhang Xianliang's mother was already pregnant.

After the Xi'an Incident, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began to cooperate against Japan. Zhang Xianliang's father began to abandon the official business, and brought his family to Chongqing. After the civil war broke out, Zhang Xianliang's father began to do business in Shanghai,

In 1949, Zhang Xianliang's father was imprisoned as an old bureaucrat. In 1951, Zhang Xianliang's father died in prison. In 1955, 19-year-old Zhang Xianliang and his mother and sister, in response to the call of the state, left Beijing to open up wasteland in Northwest China and settled down at the foot of Helan Mountain.

During the "anti rightist movement", Zhang Xianliang was wrongly classified as a rightist because of his publication of the song of gale. Zhang Xianliang was taken away and reformed through labor for 22 years. A few days after Zhang Xianliang was sent to reform through labor, Zhang Xianliang's mother broke her leg while she was drying clothes. Her 10-year-old sister was in primary school, and there was no source of livelihood at home. In desperation, the mother and daughter were ready to move back to Beijing to join relatives and friends.

Ten years later, in 1968, when the "Cultural Revolution" swept across the country, Zhang Xianliang took advantage of his work to pick up the train to go back to Beijing, and finally found his mother with white hair. At this time, my sister had already been assigned to work in Gansu. Only a few days after his reunion with his mother, Zhang Xianliang was found and forcibly taken away from Beijing. This time, he saw his mother for the last time. Later, Zhang Xianliang, who had no way to go, had to beg for a living and moved to Lanzhou. After returning to the farm, Zhang Xianliang was labeled as a counter revolutionary and continued to reform. Until it was completely rehabilitated in 1979.

Main works

Creative features

subject

Famine narrative

Zhang Xianliang's works face and show physiological hunger in his famine texts. He took the lead in revealing how the "low standard melon and vegetable generation" had caused severe physiological damage to the whole nation. His writing of famine was often calm and painful. Zhang Xianliang also mentioned in his creation talk that the creation of "green tree" was at a time when resistance to spiritual pollution was being carried out most outrageously, and all his works were also specially studied. Undoubtedly, Zhang Xianliang took the risk and made a breakthrough in his creation. In his works, he reviews the past experiences of starvation: the great famine in the 1960s, the tragic reality of starvation changed human ethics, death became too common, people became numb and indifferent, even sadness seemed superfluous, and even human physiological structure could change. For those "potentials" that erupted in response to starvation, even human could develop animal rumination Ability is not surprising. In the years of starvation, people always think about food and how to get food. Food can really lead people's way of thinking and behavior. The so-called self-esteem and face are all things after eating. Zhang Xianliang has the courage to present a suffering body to the readers, trying to save a body that has been unknown and submissive for a long time under political pressure, because the body is the first scene of suffering, and only when he dares to face the body can he face the suffering directly.

Narrative of imprisonment

The protagonists in Zhang Xianliang's novels all have the unfortunate fate of being imprisoned. Zhang Yongfan, Xu Lingjun, Shi Zai and other intellectuals could have got a job in the society with their talent and ability, and got married. But in reality, the political movement again and again put them off the normal track of life and pushed them into a desperate situation. They were imprisoned in the prison or reform through labor farm in the northwest, suffering from physical hunger and sexual repression, political discipline and punishment In the end, they rely on themselves and women to seek freedom and salvation. In the narrative of imprisonment in Zhang Xianliang's novels, it depicts and highlights the imprisonment of the body, the imprisonment of the spirit and the female as the Savior. In the narrative of imprisonment in Zhang Xianliang's novels, the physical imprisonment and discipline refers to that the characters are classified as "right" or "right" in political identity“

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Xian Liang