Liu Shaoqi

Liu Shaoqi

Liu Shaoqi (November 24, 1898 - November 12, 1969), born in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, is a great Marxist, a great proletarian revolutionist, statesman, theorist, one of the main leaders of the party and the state, and the founding father of the people's Republic of China. He is an important member of the first generation of the central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core.

Comrade Liu Shaoqi has worked all his life for the cause of the party and the people, made great contributions to the new democratic revolution, the socialist revolution and the socialist construction in all historical periods, made great achievements for the party and the people, and was sincerely loved and respected by the whole party, the army and the people of all ethnic groups.

Life of the characters

Born on November 24, 1898 in tanzichong, Ningxiang County, Hunan Province. He went to private school in his youth and graduated from middle school in 1919. He joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1920.

In 1921, he studied at the Oriental Communist Labor University in Moscow, the Soviet Union, and joined the Communist Party of China in the same year.

In 1922, he returned from Moscow and worked in the Secretary Department of China's labor union. Soon after, he went to Anyuan coal mine in Northwest Jiangxi Province to lead the strike of Anyuan road miners' Congress with Li Lisan and others. Later, he served as acting director and director of Anyuan road miners' club. In 1925, he was elected vice chairman of the all China Federation of trade unions at the second National Labor Conference. After that, he took part in the May 30th Movement in Shanghai, Guangzhou and Wuhan, the strike between the province and Hong Kong, and the struggle of Wuhan workers to recover Hankou British concession.

In 1927, he was elected a member of the CPC Central Committee at the Fifth National Congress of the CPC. After the failure of the great revolution, he successively engaged in secret work of the party in Hebei, Shanghai and Northeast China.

In the summer of 1930, he attended the Fifth Congress of red Employees International held in Moscow and was elected as a member of the executive board. He stayed in red Employees International.

In January 1931, he was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau at the Fourth Plenary Session of the sixth CPC Central Committee. He returned to China in the autumn of the same year and served as Minister of the Staff Department of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the all China Federation of trade unions. In his long-term work, he gradually realized that the party's work in the KMT ruled areas should implement the policy of going deep into the masses, hiding for a long time and accumulating strength. He also resisted the "left" mistakes of closeness and adventurism in the CPC at that time.

In the winter of 1932, he entered the central revolutionary base in the south of Jiangxi Province and the west of Fujian Province, led the workers' movement, and later served as the Secretary of Fujian provincial Party committee.

He took part in the long march in October 1934. At the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Zunyi County, Guizhou Province in January 1935, he supported Mao Zedong's correct proposition.

In the spring of 1936, he went to North China and successively served as the representative of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the North Bureau. He firmly carried out the new policy of the CPC Central Committee on the establishment of the Anti Japanese national united front, and systematically criticized the mistakes in the party's secret work in the past closed doorism and adventurism.

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in 1937, he adhered to the CPC Central Committee's policy of going deep into the enemy's rear area, mobilizing the masses and launching guerrilla war, and led the work of creating an anti Japanese base area in North China. In November 1938, he served as secretary of the Central Plains Bureau of the Communist Party of China, and then organized forces to go deep into the enemy's rear areas in Central China to carry out guerrilla war.

In 1941, the southern Anhui Incident, which was plotted by the Kuomintang, caused heavy losses to the New Fourth Army. At that time, he was appointed political commissar of the New Fourth Army and Secretary of the central China Bureau. Together with Chen Yi, he reversed the difficult situation of the New Fourth Army, restored and developed the Anti Japanese armed forces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and expanded the Anti Japanese base area in Central China. From 1939 to 1941, he made famous speeches such as on the cultivation of the Communist Party, which enriched the theory of Party building.

He returned to Yan'an in 1943 and served as secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and vice chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission.

In 1945, he made a report on Revising the party constitution at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which made a complete summary and systematic exposition of Mao Zedong thought. In August of the same year, Japan announced its surrender, and Mao Zedong went to Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai Shek. During this period, he acted as chairman of the CPC Central Committee.

In March 1947, the Kuomintang troops occupied Yan'an. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi and others stayed in Northern Shaanxi to command the national liberation war. Liu Shaoqi served as secretary of the CPC Central Committee and moved to North China to take charge of the work entrusted by the CPC Central Committee together with Zhu De. From July to September of the same year, the national land work conference was held in Pingshan County, Hebei Province. The guidelines set at the conference further promoted the development of the land reform movement in the liberated areas.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Liu Shaoqi was elected vice president of the Central People's government. He played an important role in the formulation of national political, economic, cultural, educational, diplomatic and other policies. In 1950, he made a report on land reform at the second session of the first National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference.

In 1954, he made a report on the draft constitution of the people's Republic of China at the first session of the first National People's Congress and was elected chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

In September 1956, he made a political report on behalf of the CPC Central Committee at the Eighth National Congress of the CPC, which set the direction for the development of the socialist cause and the party building in the new period. He was elected vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee at the first plenary session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee.

In April 1959, he was elected president of the people's Republic of China and chairman of the National Defense Commission at the first session of the second National People's Congress. In the early 1960s, serious difficulties occurred in China's economy. Liu Shaoqi carried out a lot of investigation and research, participated in the formulation of a series of important policies and measures, and made the national economy recover and develop. From 1963 to 1966, he paid friendly visits to Indonesia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, North Korea, Pakistan and Afghanistan.

After the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966, he was wrongly criticized, politically framed and physically destroyed by the counter revolutionary groups of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing, and died on November 12, 1969.

In 1980, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee made a special decision to restore his reputation. His main works are included in selected works of Liu Shaoqi.

Main contributions

Comrade Liu Shaoqi was born into a peasant family in Ningxiang, Hunan Province. In his youth, due to the invasion and bullying of imperialist powers and the decadent rule of feudal forces, China has become a semi colonial and semi feudal society, the Chinese people are in dire straits, and the Chinese nation is at a critical moment of national salvation. Since his youth, Comrade Liu Shaoqi has set up a lofty ambition to save the nation from crisis, actively participated in the struggle against Yuan Shikai's restoration of the monarchy, rose up to respond to the May 4th anti imperialist patriotic movement, accepted the influence of the October Revolution of Russia, and embarked on the road of exploring for national independence and people's liberation. In 1920, he joined the Socialist Youth League. In the summer of 1921, he went to Russia and entered Moscow Oriental University to study Marxist theory systematically. He firmly believed that Marxism "really is the truth and can save China"; in the winter of the same year, he became a member of the Communist Party of China from a member of the Youth League, and became one of the earliest members of our party. Since then, Comrade Liu Shaoqi has devoted all his life to his beloved motherland and people.

Comrade Liu Shaoqi is a famous leader and main leader of the workers' movement led by our party and an outstanding representative of the party's correct line in the work of the white areas. At the beginning of the founding of the Communist Party of China and during the great revolution, he took part in leading the Anyuan workers' movement, the May 30th Movement, the provincial and Hong Kong strike, and the struggle of Wuhan workers to take back the British concession. After the failure of the great revolution, Comrade Liu Shaoqi persisted in fighting in Shanghai, Beiping, Tianjin, Harbin and other places shrouded in white terror. He insisted on proceeding from reality, thinking independently, being good at carrying out work creatively, and resolutely fighting against the "left" mistakes in the party. He took part in the long march of the Central Red Army and firmly supported the correct proposition represented by Comrade Mao Zedong at the Zunyi Meeting of great historical significance. After the victory of the Red Army's long march in Northern Shaanxi, the Party Central Committee put forward the strategic policy of establishing an anti Japanese national united front, and sent Comrade Liu Shaoqi to North China, where the tide of national salvation was rising. He led the rapid recovery and development of the party's organization in North China, successfully realized the historic transformation of the party's work in the white areas, and consolidated and developed the victorious achievements of the 129th movement led by the party.

Comrade Liu Shaoqi is the main founder and leader of the Anti Japanese base areas in North and central China. During the Anti Japanese War, he successively served as the Secretary of the North Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the Secretary of the Central Plains Bureau, and the Secretary of the central China Bureau. He was once the sole pioneer and leader in the three strategic areas. He resolutely carried out the strategic policy of developing independent guerrilla warfare in mountain areas put forward by Comrade Mao Zedong, and effectively led the establishment of the Anti Japanese base areas in North China and the new army in Shanxi. He organized the establishment of the Anti Japanese base in Central China and accomplished the important task of developing central China entrusted by the party. After the southern Anhui Incident, Comrade Liu Shaoqi was appointed as a political commissar of the New Fourth Army. Together with Comrade Chen Yi, he rebuilt the headquarters of the New Fourth Army and made great contributions to building the New Fourth Army into an iron army under the leadership of the party. Entrusted by Comrade Mao Zedong, Comrade Liu Shaoqi guided Shandong to establish a unified political and military leadership center and adjust its strategic principles and policies in all aspects, so as to usher in a great development situation in Shandong Anti Japanese base area.

Comrade Liu Shaoqi has long held an important leading position in our party. In 1931, he was elected alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In March 1943, he served as secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and vice chairman of the Revolutionary Military Commission. Since then, he has been working in the leading position of the Party Central Committee for more than 20 years, becoming Mao Ze

Chinese PinYin : Liu Shao Qi