Yang Shangkun

Yang Shangkun

Yang Shangkun (August 3, 1907 - September 14, 1998), male, No. Chengwu, was born in Shuangjiang Town, Tongnan County, Sichuan Province (now Chongqing). He joined the Communist Youth League of China in 1925 and joined the Communist Party of China in 1926. He was the president of the people's Republic of China.

Comrade Yang Shangkun is a great proletarian revolutionist, statesman and militarist, a firm Marxist and an outstanding leader of the party, the state and the people's army.

Biography of characters

In November 1926, he went to the Soviet Union and studied in Moscow Sun Yat sen University. After returning to China in 1931, he served as director of the Propaganda Department of the all China Federation of trade unions, Secretary of the Communist Party of China, director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Jiangsu Provincial Committee, and director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee. He participated in organizing the Shanghai workers' movement and the Anti Japanese and national salvation movement. From September to October 1932, he was the chief editor of Hongzhong society. He went to Ruijin in 1933 and successively served as vice president of the Party School of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China, director of the Political Department of the first front army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, and deputy director of the General Political Department of the Central Military Commission. In January 1934, he took over as political commissar of the third Red Army Corps. He took part in the anti "encirclement and suppression" campaign and the long march in the central revolutionary base. At the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Zunyi in 1935, he supported Mao Zedong's idea. Later, he served as deputy director of the Political Department of the Shaanxi Gansu detachment, deputy director of the General Political Department of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission, director of the General Political Department of the Anti Japanese vanguard army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, director of the Political Department of the Northern Shaanxi red Army University, and deputy director of the General Political Department of the Central Military Commission. He took part in Zhiluo Town, the eastern expedition and the mountain castle campaign. During the Anti Japanese War, he served as deputy secretary and Secretary of the North Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, leading the struggle in the Anti Japanese base areas behind the enemy lines in North China. He also assisted Zhu De and Peng Dehuai in leading the Anti Japanese guerrilla war in North China. He returned to Yan'an in 1941. During the war of liberation, he served as Secretary General of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, deputy leader of the foreign affairs group of the Central Committee, commander of the central security, deputy secretary of the central rear Committee, director of the general office of the Central Committee, Deputy Secretary General of the Central Committee, and assisted Zhou Enlai in handling the daily work of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission. after the founding of new China, he successively served as director of the general office of the CPC Central Committee, Deputy Secretary General of the CPC Central Committee, Secretary General of the Central Military Commission, and Secretary of the party committees of the organs directly under the CPC Central Committee. In September 1956, he was elected alternate Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee at the first plenary session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee. During the cultural revolution, he was dismissed from all his duties and imprisoned for 12 years. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China completely rehabilitated him and restored his reputation. from December 1978 to the end of 1980, he successively served as the Second Secretary of the CPC Guangdong Provincial Committee, the vice governor of Guangdong Province, the first Secretary of the CPC Guangzhou Municipal Committee and the director of the Revolutionary Committee, as well as the first political commissar and the first Secretary of the CPC Guangdong Military Region. In September 1980, he was elected vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress and concurrently secretary general. In July 1981, he served as member and Secretary General of the Standing Committee of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China. He served as executive vice chairman and Secretary General of the Central Military Commission in September 1982. In 1982, he was elected a member of the Political Bureau of the 12th CPC Central Committee. He was vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the people's Republic of China in 1983. He was elected a member of the Political Bureau of the 13th CPC Central Committee in November 1987. He was elected president of the people's Republic of China at the first session of the Seventh National People's Congress in April 1988. in November 1989, he was appointed as the first vice chairman of the Central Military Commission at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and removed from the post of Secretary General of the Central Military Commission. He died of illness in Beijing on September 14, 1998 at the age of 92.

Life of the characters

Yang Shangkun was born in Shuangjiang Town, Tongnan County, Sichuan Province in 1907. He was admitted to the primary school attached to Chengdu Normal University in 1920 and then transferred to the secondary school attached to Chengdu Normal University. At that time, the president of Chengdu Normal University was Wu Yuzhang, and Yun Daiying was among the teachers. At school, he met many progressive young people, participated in social science reading meetings, read classic works such as the Communist Manifesto and progressive books such as the new youth, and initially accepted the influence of Marxism.
In 1925, Yang Shangkun, 18, graduated from Chengdu Normal University and returned to Chongqing. At that time, China's great revolution was entering a climax. His fourth brother, Yang Angong, was one of the founders of the Sichuan local executive committee of the Communist Party of China. Under the influence and help of his fourth brother, he began to take part in revolutionary work. He joined the Communist Youth League in 1925 and became a member of the Communist Party of China in early 1926. From then on, he devoted his whole life to the liberation of the Chinese people and the magnificent cause of communism.
In the spring of 1926, Yang Shangkun entered Shanghai University under the leadership of the CPC. He took an active part in the preparations for the first and second armed uprising of Shanghai workers. In November of the same year, he was appointed by the party organization to study at Sun Yat sen University in Moscow. At school, he successively served as monitor, member of the Party branch, Vice Minister of the Propaganda Department, etc., and systematically studied Marxist Leninist theory. In 1929, he married Li Bozhao in the Soviet Union. In 1930, he was admitted to the Soviet Institute of China studies as a graduate student and concurrently served as a translator for international Chinese representatives.
At the beginning of 1931, Yang Shangkun returned to his hard-earned motherland and successively served as director of the Propaganda Department of the all China Federation of trade unions and Secretary of the party and League of the Shanghai Federation of trade unions. Under the dangerous environment of the Kuomintang ruled area, he actively restored trade union organizations and developed party members. After the September 18th Incident, he successively served as the director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Jiangsu Provincial Committee and the director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, and participated in the organization and leadership of the workers' movement and the Anti Japanese national salvation movement. In January 1933, he entered Ruijin, Jiangxi Province, the revolutionary base of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, served as the propaganda officer of the Central Bureau of the Central Soviet Area, and participated in the party's organ newspapers "Red China" and "struggle". In February, he served as the general director of the newly established Red China News Agency (the predecessor of Xinhua). In March, he served as vice president of the Marxist Communist university founded by the Central Bureau of the Soviet area. In June, he joined the work of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, served as the director of the Political Department of the first front army of the Red Army, and moved to the front with commander in chief Zhu De and general political commissar Zhou Enlai.
In January 1934, Yang Shangkun took over the post of political commissar of the third Red Army, one of the main forces of the Red Army. In the same month, he was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee at the Fifth Plenary Session of the sixth CPC Central Committee and a member of the central executive committee of the Soviet Republic of China at the second National Congress of workers, peasants and soldiers. After that, together with Peng Dehuai, the commander of the third Red Army Corps, in the fifth anti "encirclement and suppression" campaign in the Central Soviet Area, he successively commanded the headquarters to carry out defensive operations such as conquering Shaxian County, counterattack at sanxixu, blocking battle at taiyangfeng, and defensive operations such as gaohunao, wannianting, candle shaped and protected mountain. He paid attention to the coordination of all aspects of relations, properly handled all kinds of contradictions, and United and led the officers and men of the whole corps to strive for the completion of all combat tasks.
On October 17, 1934, Yang Shangkun and Peng Dehuai led the third Red Army Corps to set out from Jiangxi Province and began the long march. They successively broke through the enemy's four blockades. They made outstanding achievements and were commended by the order of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. In January 1935, he attended the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in Zunyi, criticized Bogu and Li De for their serious mistakes in military command, and firmly supported Mao Zedong's correct ideas. After the meeting, he and Peng Dehuai flexibly and flexibly carried out Mao Zedong's strategy and tactics, led the third Red Army to fight a bloody battle to seize Loushanguan, conquered Zunyi City together with the first Red Army, and won the first big victory in the long march of the first Red Army. According to the changes in the battlefield situation, he and Peng Dehuai put forward correct suggestions several times, which were adopted by Mao Zedong and the Central Military Commission, and made indelible contributions to the revolution at a critical juncture. On April 25, the headquarters of the third Red Army Corps was bombed by enemy planes. After he was injured, he still insisted on commanding the battle. On June 13, he and Peng Dehuai jointly commanded the army to cover the main force of the Central Red Army to cross jiajinshan. In late June, after the victory of the first and fourth front armies of the Red Army, he attended the Lianghekou meeting and firmly supported the Central Committee's strategic policy of going north to resist Japan. Soon after, the third red army was transformed into the third army, and he served as a political commissar. In August, he was transferred to the post of deputy director of the General Political Department of the Red Army. With the action of the right route army led by Mao Zedong, he waged a resolute struggle against Zhang Guotao's separatism. At a critical juncture, he cooperated with Ye Jianying to get Mao Zedong and other leaders and most of the central red army out of danger. On September 12, he attended the emergency enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in the Russian border and firmly supported the decision made by the meeting on Zhang Guotao's mistake. Later, he was appointed deputy director of the Political Department of the Shaanxi Gansu detachment of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, which was reorganized by the third Red Army, the first Red Army and the column of the Central Military Commission. On October 19, he assisted political commissar Mao Zedong and commander Peng Dehuai to lead the Shaanxi Gansu detachment to Wuqi Town, the Shaanxi Gansu revolutionary base. The long march of the Central Red Army ended successfully.
In November 1935, Yang Shangkun served as deputy director of the General Political Department of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission and participated in the Zhiluo campaign, which was known as "laying a foundation for the task of the Party Central Committee to put the national revolutionary base camp in the northwest". Soon after, he was ordered to work on the united front of the Northeast Army. In February 1936, he served as the director of the General Political Department of the Anti Japanese vanguard army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, following Mao Zedong to cross the Yellow River eastward and fight in Shanxi. In June, he served as director of the Political Department of China Anti Japanese Red Army University. In October, after the victory of the three main forces of the Red Army, he served as director of the Political Department of the former enemy general headquarters of the Red Army and took part in the battle of Mount castle. In December, he served as deputy director of the General Political Department of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, leading the United Front Work of the northwest army. In April 1937, according to the situation of the war and the situation of the troops, he put forward to the Central Committee his opinions on strengthening the political and ideological education of the Red Army

Chinese PinYin : Yang Shang Kun