Tang Caichang

Tang Caichang

Tang Caichang (1867-1900), Boping, Fochen, Han nationality, was born in Liuyang, Hunan Province. He was a leader of the reformists in the late Qing Dynasty and a famous political activist in modern Chinese history. Gongsheng, together with Tan Si, was known as the "two heroes of Liuyang" in the teaching and learning of Changsha Shiwu school. After the 1898 coup, he went to Japan and Nanyang to raise funds. After returning to Shanghai, he set up the "self-supporting Association" and planned to launch the self-supporting army uprising in Hankou, where he was arrested and killed. There is a collection of Tang Caichang.

Personage information

Name: Tang Caichang (1867-1900)

Nationality: Han nationality

Native place: Liuyang, Hunan

Year of birth: 1867

Date of sacrifice: August 22, 1900

Gender: Male

Position: leader of the reformers in the late Qing Dynasty. He is a famous political activist in modern Chinese history.

After the Sino Japanese Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed after the Sino Japanese War of 1898-1895, Tang Caichang awakened in anger and actively participated in the reform movement of 1898 in Hunan. After the coup of 1898, he organized the self-supporting Council, established the self-supporting army, led the self-supporting army uprising in 1900, and was killed by Zhang Zhidong.

Life

Tang Caichang: leader of the reformers in the late Qing Dynasty. The word Fu Cheng, Buddha dust. He is from Liuyang, Hunan Province. Gongsheng was born. Together with Tan Sitong and Ouyang Zhonghu, he is known as the "two heroes of Liuyang". He came from a feudal intellectual family and received feudal education since childhood.

brief introduction

Detailed introduction

Tang Caichang: the word Fu Cheng, Buddha dust. He is from Liuyang, Hunan Province. Gongsheng was born. Together with Tan Sitong and Ouyang Zhonghu, he is known as the "two heroes of Liuyang".

He came from a feudal intellectual family and received feudal education since childhood. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, the national crisis was very serious. In order to save China, he devoted himself to studying the political and diplomatic affairs of various countries and participated in the reform activities. After the failure of the reform movement of 1898, he was angry that he "set up a great festival, advocated great difficulties and carried out great reforms".

In 1899, he agreed with Kang and Liang to set up troops to "Qin Wang" in the provinces on both sides of the Yangtze River in an attempt to expel the boxers by force, "beg thieves to Qin Wang and take the Qing emperor's side", overthrow the Western empress dowager's regime and support Emperor Guangxu to take power again.

In 1900, the "Zhengqi society" was organized in Shanghai, and then changed its name to "self-supporting society", forming seven independent armies, which were supervised by the Tang Dynasty. Troops will be set up in Hankou, Hanyang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan in Hubei Province on August 9. Because Kang Youwei didn't remit money on time, it was postponed. Qin Lishan, the former commander of the army, failed to fight for three days in Datong without notice.

Yuelu Academy

In his early years, Tang Caichang studied in Changsha Xuejing academy, Yuelu Academy and Wuchang Lianghu Academy. Reformer, the host of the independent army. From 1887 to 1891, he studied in Changsha Xuejing academy and Yuelu Academy.

He studied in Lianghu Academy in 1894. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, he actively advocated reform and reform. In 1897, together with Tan Si, he founded a school of mathematics in Liuyang, advocated new learning, and established a school of current affairs in Changsha, Journal of Hunan. The next year, he founded Xiang Bao to publicize the reform and reform. At the beginning of 1897, Tang Caichang returned to Hunan from Wuchang and devoted himself to the reform movement. On the eve of the 1898 coup, Tang Cai often went to Beijing to participate in the political reform movement under the edict of Emperor Guangxu. When he arrived in Hankou, the 1898 coup had already taken place. He returned to Hunan, then went to Shanghai, and then traveled around Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and other places to contact overseas Chinese and meet comrades.

In 1898, he and Tan Sitong founded the southern society and the qunmeng society, and became important figures in the southern reform. In the summer of the same year, he wanted to go to Beijing to participate in the new deal. He went to Hankou and learned that Empress Dowager Cixi had launched the 1898 coup. After the failure of the reform, she fled to Japan and contacted Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Sun Yat Sen and others. In the 25th year, he cooperated with Bi Yongnian of the Xingzhong Association and was ready to contact the parties along the Yangtze River. He returned to China in the winter of the same year.

In the winter of 1899, Tang Caichang returned to Shanghai and organized the "Zhengqi society" (soon renamed the "self-reliance society") and carried out activities in the name of "Dongwen translation society". After that, Tang Caichang organized the "rich mountain hall" in Shanghai. As a liaison organ of the independent association, Tang Caichang imitated the method of the elder brother Association and widely distributed "rich votes" among the associations along the Yangtze River. More than 20000 "rich votes" were distributed in the two lakes alone.

On the basis of liaison with the party, Tang Caichang organized a self-supporting army, which was divided into five groups, with more than 100000 members. As commander-in-chief, set up a switchboard for Hankou.

Eight-Nation Alliance

In June 1900, the Allied forces of the eight countries invaded, the Qing government declared war, and the governor of Southeast China carried out the so-called "Sino foreign mutual protection". Tang Caichang, in the name of opposing the Qing government's introduction of the Boxer Rebellion, held a "Chinese parliament" in Yuyuan, the British concession in Shanghai in early July, announcing: first, "to preserve China's right to self-reliance and create a new independent state"; second, "to decide not to recognize the Manchurian government's right to rule the Qing state"; third, "to ask Emperor Guangxu to restore it.".

After Zhang Yuan's "Congress" was held, the fifth route of the self-supporting army was arranged separately, and it was determined that on July 15, incidents would take place in Hankou, Hanyang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan and other places at the same time. As a result, Kang Youwei's overseas remittance was delayed and postponed on the 29th.

When the Qing government heard the news, it was under martial law along the Yangtze River. Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang, had heard of Tang Caichang's activities for a long time. Tang Caichang is also his student. Later, a barber informs Dusi, and Zhang Zhidong sends troops to search. On the night of July 27, the Hankou general office was cracked, and Tang Caichang, LIN Gui, Fu Cixiang, Tian bangxuan and other 12 people were arrested. Zhang Zhidong sent Zheng Xiaoxu to interrogate him. Tang Caichang said, "this is what he often does. He is diligent in the king's affairs and pays for his dead friends. Now please kill them quickly!" He also wrote a poem in prison, which said, "if you have a good head, you can make friends and see the demons without losing your face.".

On the night of July 28, he was killed on the Bank of Ziyang Lake in Dachao street of Wuchang. Before his execution, there was a poem "seven feet of body to reward old friends, a cavity of blood splashed on the barren hills." Among the 11 victims, Tang Caichang's head hung at Hanyang gate. The independent army failed.

Story introduction

Figures in the reform movement of 1898

In July 1900, the uprising of the independent army initiated and led by Tang Caichang and Qin Lishan broke out in Datong, Anhui Province. This is a national uprising between the reform movement of 1898 and the revolution of 1911, which has an important role and influence. Now the cause, process and influence of this uprising are recorded as follows.

1

In 1898, the failure of the reform movement of 1898 proved that it was impossible to carry out reformism in semi feudal and semi colonial China. As a result, some intellectuals gradually embarked on the road of bourgeois democratic revolution.

At that time, Tang Caichang, who advocated the reform, went to Japan after the failure of the reform. In the autumn of 1899, introduced by Bi Yongnian, he met Dr. Sun Yat sen in Yokohama. At this time, Sun Yat Sen was brewing the Huizhou uprising and deploying the revolutionary struggle. Sun Yat Sen believed that it was feasible for the Tang Dynasty to report the plan of starting troops in Hunan, Hubei and the Yangtze River. Tang Caichang was influenced by Sun Yat Sen's bourgeois democratic revolutionary thought, which contained the strange spirit of carrying out the great reform. In the winter of this year, Tang Cai often returned to Shanghai from Japan to organize "Zhengqi meeting".

In the spring of 1900, Sun Yat Sen sent Zheng Shiliang to Huizhou and Shi Jue Ru to Guangzhou to launch an uprising. In response, Tang Caichang changed the name of Zhengqi association to "self-reliance Association" in Shanghai, and was responsible for the movement of provincial Party associations and defense forces. At the same time, he invited heroes and accepted more than 20 students from Japan, including Qin Lishan, as members of ZTE. In July of the same year, Tang Caichang and others held the "Chinese Congress" in Yuyuan, Shanghai, and then went to Hankou to organize the Fifth Army of the independent army and assume the post of commander-in-chief. At the same time, Qin Lishan and Wu Luzhen were appointed former commanders of Datong army. It is scheduled to be held in Hankou, Hanyang, Anqing, Datong, Jiangxi and Hunan on July 15 of the lunar calendar. Sun Yat Sen was praised for this.

The uprising of Datong independent army is going on from secret to public.

2

In early July, Tang Caichang sent Qin Lishan to Datong secretly, where he received secret weapons from sun Daoyi, a childhood friend, a member of elder brother's Association, and a guard of Anhui provincial governor's office. Through Fu Huanzhang, the leader of Datong brotherhood, Qin Laoyao and others, the "rich ticket" development organization was distributed. Residents in the vicinity of Datong were eager to join the association. Nanling, Qingyang, Yuxi and other places also actively prepared to move closer to Datong secretly. In addition, the soldiers of the first battalion of the Yangtze River navy of the Qing army in Datong (most of them are members of the elder brothers) are also willing to rebel. On the 13th, the independent army began to gather in Tongcheng on the North Bank of the Yangtze River. As the launching work was in a hurry, and the members of the organization were mixed up, the military aircraft leaked. Qin Lishan decided to revolt immediately when the governor's plane was exposed, and set up an uprising headquarters in Datong. He quickly printed and posted the proclamations and decrees from the headquarters of the Wuhan independent army. He said:

1. To preserve China's independent sovereignty;

2. Emperor Guangxu, please reset;

3. Whoever has the right to protect China can join the association;

4. The members of the society must depend on each other for good fortune and misfortune, and they should treat the good people outside the society as well;

5. Adultery is not allowed;

6. Don't drink too much to show off;

7. It is not allowed to treat the enemy with poisonous weapons;

8. If a stubborn old party is caught, it should be dealt with in accordance with the civilized public law, and no killing is allowed;

9. A new government is formed by preserving kindness, abolishing tyranny and advancing civilization;

Datong Town

On the morning of the 14th, Qin Lishan led hundreds of self-supporting troops to carry out the first attack on Datong after slaughtering animals and sacrificing flags. Four naval gunboats stationed in Datong of the Qing Dynasty first turned their guns and blasted off the supervision and marketing Bureau and Lijin Bureau. Zhang Huazhao, a general of the Qing camp, was so frightened that he threw himself into the river. Eight more Lycra gunboats were captured. After landing, he successively captured the salt affairs, Lijin, the Third Bureau of medicine and machinery, and some warehouses and yamen. After that, it completely occupied Datong town.

On the 15th, Wang Zhichun, governor of Anhui Province, sent Qiu Xianming, a battalion officer, to lead the Wu Wei Chu army and Li Benqin, the Wuhu camp guard, to besiege Datong. Then Liu Kun, the governor of the two rivers, sent three dragon boats and three tiger boats to coordinate with Huang Shaochun, the commander-in-chief of the Yangtze River Navy, to dispatch three battalions of the Jiangming Navy, and the lake was marked with 30 boats to "fight" by land and water

Chinese PinYin : Tang Cai Chang