Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven (December 16 or 17, 1770 - March 26, 1827) was born in Bonn, the Marquis of the Holy Roman Empire Cologne. He is one of the representatives of Vienna classical music school and a composer in the period of European classicism.

Beethoven spent his childhood under his father's strict education, which made him stubborn, sensitive and excited. He began to live in Vienna at the age of 22. The third symphony, which was composed between 1803 and 1804, marks the maturity of his creation. Over the next 20 years, a large number of his music works pushed classical music to the peak through strong artistic appeal and magnificent spirit, and foreshadowed the arrival of romantic music in the 19th century. Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26, 1827 at the age of 57.

Beethoven's works include 9 Symphonies, 1 opera, 32 Piano Sonatas, 5 Piano Concertos, many orchestral overtures, Violin and Cello Sonatas, etc. Because of its great contribution to classical music and the development and innovation of sonata form and Symphony suite structure, it is honored as "the saint of music" and "the king of symphony" by later generations.

Character experience

Early experience

Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770, because Beethoven was baptized on December 17, 1770. According to the custom at that time, the child should be baptized as soon as possible, usually on the day of birth or the next day. So his birthday is either December 16 or 17). Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany. Around 1775, 4-year-old Beethoven was forced by his father to learn piano and violin. His father wanted to cultivate him into a Mozart child prodigy by compulsory means.

In 1778, 8-year-old Beethoven studied basic music theory and organ from H. Eden, an old court organ master. On August 26 of the same year, he performed for the first time.

In 1781, at the age of 11, Beethoven dropped out of school and became a young musician in the orchestra of the Bonn theatre. He had the opportunity to learn from Christian gotlob nieffer, the court organ player, conductor, and composer. Nieffer was a participant in the enlightenment movement and had a great influence on Beethoven's life.

In 1783, at the age of 13, Beethoven was the piano soloist and accompanist of the court band, but without salary. In the same year, Beethoven was adapted into Piano Variations (woo63) according to Dressler's March, which was his first work officially published and published by German music publisher j.m.geetz.

From 1785 to 1786, Beethoven turned to Franz Anton Reese to study violin and finished three Piano Sonatas (woo36).

In the spring of 1787, Beethoven visited Vienna for the first time and met Mozart, who was 31 years old. His playing skills were appreciated by Mozart. In the same year, he met count of Wollstein, who was 9 years older than himself. He was an important supporter of Beethoven's artistic career and economy.

In 1790, the composer Haydn went to London and passed by Bonn. Beethoven met Haydn. In the same year, he was commissioned to complete two oratorios: the mourning oratorio for the death of Joseph II (woo87), which was Beethoven's first political work; and the oratorio for Leopold II's accession to the throne (woo88).

In November 1792, Beethoven, 22 years old, left his hometown with the encouragement and support of Haydn and others. He began to learn composition under the guidance of Haydn and settled in Vienna.

Early Vienna

In 1793, Beethoven learned counterpoint and music theory from Mozart's best friend, composer and teacher J. B. Schenck. In 1794, he began to learn counterpoint from Albright Berg of St. Stephen's Cathedral, and learned composition from Antonio Salieri, the palace music director for free. Because Haydn was busy preparing for his second performance in England, the two teachers and students had different personalities and different musical ideas, Beethoven's learning from Haydn was finally stopped in 1794.

In August 1796, Three Piano Sonatas (Op.2) presented by Beethoven to Haydn were published in Vienna magazine, and deafness began to appear in the same year.

From 1796 to 1797, he composed Piano Concerto No.1 in C major (Op.15), which was premiered in Prague, Czech Republic in 1798. In 1799, hofminster published Beethoven's Piano Sonata No.8 (Pathetique) in C minor (op.13) at the end of the year.

In April 1800, Symphony No.1 (Op.21) and Quintet in E flat major (op.20) premiered at the Royal Palace concert in Vienna.

In 1801, he composed Piano Sonata No.14 (Moonlight) in C minor (op.27no. 2), which was dedicated to the Countess of jurita jimirz; in the same year, he also completed String Quintet (Op.29) and String Quartet (Op.18).

In 1802, he went to Heiligenstadt to spend the summer. His hearing loss was very serious. In early October of the same year, he wrote his brother the famous will of Heiligenstadt. After a fierce ideological struggle, he completed the second symphony and returned to Vienna.

Mature period

In 1803, the divine drama "Christ in the olive mountain" and "klutzer's Violin Sonata in a major" premiered; in the same year, he completed "Piano Concerto No. 3".

In April 1805, the third (hero) symphony was premiered, and Beethoven was the conductor himself. This work is an important symbol of Beethoven's entering the mature period of creation. On November 20 of the same year, the opera fedrio was premiered in the Royal Theatre of Vienna.

In 1806, he created and completed "razmovski String Quartet", "Piano Concerto No. 4", "Symphony No. 4" and Violin Concerto.

In December 1808, Symphony No. 6 (Pastoral) premiered at the Vienna theatre. In 1809, the prelude of Coriolan, Symphony No.5 (destiny) and mass in C major were published one after another.

In November 1810, the fifth piano concerto premiered in Leipzig and achieved great success. At the same time, Beethoven had alienated many relatives and friends because of his deafness.

In 1812, he composed the Seventh Symphony and the Eighth Symphony, and the war Symphony the following summer.

Late creation

From February to march of 1814, the Seventh Symphony and the war Symphony were staged again one after another, which became a frenzied event in Vienna.

From about 1819, hearing loss was complete.

From 1824 to 1825, he performed the Ninth Symphony and its chorus for the first time; in March 1825, he created the solemn mass.

In 1826, the String Quartet in B flat major was completed and performed, and the final version of the opera fedrio was released.

In 1827, the London Philharmonic Orchestra presented Beethoven with 100 pounds and invited him to compose the 10th symphony for the orchestra. Before it was finished, Beethoven died on March 26 of the same year at the age of 57.

Personal life

Family background

His father, John van Beethoven, was a tenor at the court of Cologne, a piano and singing teacher. His drinking influenced the life of his family. Her mother, Maria Magdalena, lived only 41 years. Beethoven is the second child in his family (the first one died early and lived only six days). Since then, his mother Magdalena has given birth to five children, but only two boys, Caspar Anton Carr and Nicholas John, have grown up. They play an important role in Beethoven's music life.

Love life

Beethoven never found a lifelong partner, never married, but his emotional experience is quite rich.

In 1800, Beethoven was fascinated by the 16-year-old lady of the nobility, Qili Aitai. Because of their different origins, they finally split up. This result made Beethoven, who was deeply disturbed by the ear disease at that time, almost commit suicide for her, but he also wrote Moonlight Sonata in C minor for her because of emotional injury.

In 1804, Beethoven and the widow Josephine fell in love, but they lost each other because of their different status.

Main works

Beethoven's life style of creation is extensive and numerous. In the field of instrumental music, it includes 9 Symphonies, 11 orchestral and dramatic scores, 5 Piano Concertos, 1 Violin Concerto, 16 String Quartets and other forms of ensemble, 32 Piano Sonatas, as well as violin, Cello Sonatas and variations; in the field of vocal music, it involves opera, oratorio, mass, cantata, choral Fantasia and a large number of art songs The representative works in the field of vocal music include opera "fedrio", "mass in D major", vocal suite "to a lover in the distance", etc.

Symphony, Piano Concerto, etc

chamber music

Variations

Sonata, variations

reference material

Creative features

population

Beethoven's life experienced the drastic changes of European society before and after the French Revolution. His works are the product of the combination of times and personality. He greatly expanded the ideological content of symphonic music, making it a genre that directly reflects social changes, and greatly enhanced the performance of piano. The expansion of content leads to the innovation of expression methods: he broke through the traditional form and structure, the use of mobile theme and the development of dynamic musicology, making music have extraordinary momentum and power; the voice change based on the functional system

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