Zhang xutuo

Zhang xutuo

Zhang xutuo (565-616, December 1) was born in hongnongwen township (now Lingbao City, Henan Province) and his ancestral home is Xie, Nanyang (now Nanzhao County, Henan Province). During the Sui Dynasty, he was the grandson of Zhang Si, the Duke of Nanyang County in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

At first, he followed Yang Xiu, the king of Shu, and gave him the same title. After emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty ascended the throne, Emperor Yang Liang of the Han Dynasty rebelled against Jinyang. He was granted the title of the commander of Anzhou, followed the General Yang Su to pacify the rebellion, and was worshipped as the third division of Kaifu Yitong. Let's turn the prefectures to grain. He led the army to pacify the peasant uprising. Wei Zhendong Xia became a pillar Minister of the Sui Dynasty.

In the 12th year of Daye (616), Xingbing attacked Wagang army and was defeated. He died at the age of 52. As a gift to doctor Jin ziguanglu and Sheriff Xingyang.

Life of the characters

Adding officials for meritorious service

Zhang xutuo has a strong character, brave and resourceful. In February of the 17th year of kaihuang (597), Kuai, the governor of kunzhou (now Kunming, Yunnan Province), and the leader of Qiang nationality, fought against the Sui Dynasty. Zhang xutuo followed Shi Wansui, the general manager of the March, to fight against the Sui Dynasty. Because of the merit, he was granted the title of "Yi Tong" and 300 pieces of gifts. In the fourth year of Renshou (604), Emperor Yang Guang of Sui Dynasty succeeded to the throne. Yang Liang, the fifth younger brother of emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, was dissatisfied with his brother's accession to the throne, so he started a rebellion in Bingzhou (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi). Zhang xutuo followed Yang Su, the general manager of Bingzhou Road, to pacify the rebellion, and was appointed as the founder of the government.

Open warehouse and release grain

In the sixth year of Daye (610), Zhang xutuo was the Prime Minister of Qi county. At that time, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty used troops in Koguryo several times, resulting in the unemployment of the people. Coupled with the famine, the price of grain soared. Zhang xutuo decided to open a warehouse to release grain and provide relief to the victims. All the officials and subordinates thought: "we must wait for your Majesty's imperial edict, and we can't open a warehouse for grain relief without permission." Zhang xutuo said, "Your Majesty is far away now. It will take you a year to send envoys to and fro. The people are in urgent need. If they wait for the report, they will fill the hole. If I am guilty of this, I will die without hate. " So he cut first and then played, and opened the warehouse to release grain. Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty did not blame Zhang xutuo, but rewarded him.

Defeat Wang Bo

In March of 611, the seventh year of Daye, Wang Bo, a native of Zouping (today's Zouping North in Shandong Province), incited the masses to take Changbai Mountain (today's Huixian mountain in Zouping, Shandong Province) as the base and raised the banner of anti Sui rebellion for the first time. The people who evaded the conscription gathered under the banner of Wang Bo rebellion, reaching tens of thousands. He was often active in Qi County, and the army was defeated in many encirclement and suppression campaigns. At that time, Zhang xutuo, who was the Prime Minister of Qi County, led the army to fight. Wang Bo led the army south and moved to Lu county (now Yanzhou, Shandong Province). When Zhang xutuo pursued Wang Bo's army to the bottom of Daishan mountain, Wang Bo's army was defeated and beheaded thousands of times. Wang Bo gathered more than ten thousand of his scattered subordinates and went north to cross the Yellow River. Zhang xutuo chased them to Linyi (now the north of Jinan City) and defeated them. He beheaded more than five thousand men and won sixty thousand yuan. at that time, the world was peaceful for a long time, and most of the people did not learn to fight. Local officials often fought with the rebels, either abandoned the city or opened the door to meet them. Only Zhang xutuo was brave and good at fighting. At the same time, he was good at caressing and controlling. Therefore, he was very loyal to the army and was called a famous general at that time. In the ninth year of Daye (613), Wang Bo United more than 100000 rebels from sun xuanya, Shi juaja and Hao Xiaode to attack Zhangqiu (now the northwest of Zhangqiu, Shandong). Zhang xutuo sent his water army to cut off his water transportation. He led 20000 infantry and cavalry to attack the rebels. The rebels were defeated. When the scattered troops collapsed to Jinliang, they were rejected by Zhou fashang. Zhang xutuo and Zhou fashang defeated the rebels again by water and land, and won his family's burden. He also issued the victory documents for the imperial court to hear. After hearing the news, Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty was very happy, praised Zhang xutuo, and sent someone to draw his face.

Defeat Pei Shi

In the same year, Pei Changcai and Shi Zihe led 20000 rebels to attack Licheng and plundered it. Zhang xutuo had no time to gather the soldiers, so he personally led Wuqi to fight against the rebels. Attracted by it, the rebels led their troops to besiege. Zhang xutuo was besieged, injured in many places and courageous. When reinforcements arrived in the city, the rebels retreated. Zhang xutuo's governor fought again and defeated the rebels, but Pei Changcai fled.

Weizhen Dongxia

On March 26th, 613, Guofang, the governor of Beihai county (now the capital of Shandong Province), gathered 30000 people to take charge of Duke Lu, captured the county and led the rebellion. Guo Fangyu, together with Qin Junhong and other rebels, besieged Beihai County, making it powerful. Zhang xutuo said to his subordinates, "the thieves think that I can't rescue them because of their strong troops. Now I'm rushing to them, and I'm sure I can break them." All the generals did not dare to join in. Only the brave generals Luo Shixin and Qin Shubao asked for a fight. So they selected elite soldiers to speed up their advance. If the rebels were not on guard, the Sui army took the opportunity to launch an attack, defeated the rebels, killed tens of thousands of people, and got 3000 supplies. Pei Caozhi, the governor of Sili, wrote a letter to him asking for help. Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty once again sent people to reward Zhang xutuo's army. At that time, Zuo Xiaoyou, a member of Qi Prefecture, fought against the Sui Dynasty and occupied the crouching dog mountain (now the northeast of Zhaoyuan, Shandong Province), with a troop of 100000. In November of the 10th year of Daye (614), Zhang xutuo led the army to suppress the rebels, and the Sui army set up the "Bafeng camp" to press Zuo Xiaoyou's Department, and then divided the troops to guard the key points. Zuo Xiaoyou was forced to lead the public to surrender. His generals Xie Xiang, Wang Liang, Zheng Dabiao and Li Wan each supported more than ten thousand troops, and they were all suppressed by Zhang xutuo. Zhang xutuo was a great power in Dongxia. He was promoted to tongshou of Qi Prefecture because of his meritorious service. He led the twelve counties of He Nan Dao to dethrone Zhi as an ambassador.

Win every battle

In December of the 10th year of Daye (614), Lu Mingyue, a native of Zhuo county (now southwest of Beijing), led more than 100000 troops to Zhua (now southwest of Yucheng, Shandong). Zhang xutuo led more than 10000 troops to attack. After more than ten days, the Sui army's grain will be withdrawn. Zhang xutuo didn't want to lose his chance, so he said to his subordinates, "when the thieves see my retreat, they are bound to go after me. If they can have elite soldiers to attack the enemy's camp, it will be beneficial. Who will attack for me?" No one answered, but Qin Qiong and Luo Shixin asked for a fight. Zhang xutuo ordered each of them to lead 1000 elite soldiers to ambush in the vegetation. He led the soldiers to abandon the camp and pretended to run away. Lu Mingyue led the whole army to catch up. Qin Qiong and Luo Shixin took the opportunity to lead ambush troops to attack the rebel camp and set fire to more than 30 fences. The guards of the enemy camp were in chaos. Lu Mingyue led his troops to rescue them quickly and was attacked by Zhang xutuo. The rebels were defeated and killed countless times. Lu Mingyue broke through with only a few hundred riders. After that, Zhang xutuo defeated LV Mingxing, Shuai rentai, Huo Xiaohan and other volunteers. The Wagang army, which also led the army to refuse zhairang, defeated the Wagang army in more than 30 battles.

Die in battle

In the 12th year of Daye (616), the Wagang rebellion under the leadership of zhairang has developed into the strongest one in Henan. In October, Li Mi, who had fought against the Sui Dynasty with Yang Xuangan, the Minister of rites, took refuge with Zhai rang, and suggested that the Wagang rebels should sweep the second capital (Chang'an and Luoyang) and exterminate the tyranny. At that time, the food supply of the Wagang rebels was insufficient, and they only relied on intercepting the Sui court water transport to maintain the military supplies. Therefore, Zhai rang adopted Li Mi's stratagem and decided to take Xingyang (the county is now in Zhengzhou, Henan Province), seize the granary, further strengthen his strength, and then try to forge ahead. Accordingly, Zhai rang led his troops to move westward from wagangzhai (now Huaxian County South in Henan Province), and successively occupied jindiguan (now Xingyang county northeast in Henan Province) and most of the counties of Xingyang County, advancing to Xingyang city. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty appointed Zhang xutuo as the commander-in-chief of Xingyang and led him to attack zhairang. Zhai rang was defeated by Zhang xutuo many times. Hearing that he had led his troops to suppress him, he was so frightened that he was ready to avoid him far away. Li mi said: "although Zhang xutuo is brave, he has no strategy. His troops have won many battles. The soldiers are arrogant and fierce. We can capture them in one battle. You just line up and wait for him, and I promise to beat them for you. " Zhai rang had no choice but to lead his soldiers to fight. Li mi sent more than 1000 cavalry (thousands of people) to ambush in the north forest of Dahai Temple (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province), and used the main force to meet the enemy from the front. On the 17th (December 1, 616), Zhang xutuo's army attacked with square array, and Zhai rang led the army to retreat. Zhang xutuo took the opportunity to pursue for more than ten li to the vicinity of Dahai temple, where Wagang rebels ambushed. Zhai rang, Li Mi and rebel generals Xu Shiji and Wang bodang surrounded the Sui army. Zhang xutuo was able to break through the encirclement, but seeing that his men were still surrounded, he rushed into the encirclement again to rescue them. Four times, his men were defeated and scattered. Zhang xutuo looked up to heaven and said, "when the army is defeated to such a degree, how can we face the emperor?" So he dismounted to fight with the enemy and was killed by Li Mi, Zhai rang and others at the age of 52. The officers and men of the headquarters cried all night for several days. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was very sad and gave him the title of doctor jinziguanglu and Sheriff of Xingyang.

Historical evaluation

Li Mi: "xutuo is brave but not resourceful. His soldiers win suddenly. He is arrogant and ruthless. He can be captured in a battle." The book of Sui states: "the ancients thought that the world was the largest, the body was the smallest, and life was more important than righteousness. However, death is more important than Taishan, life is more reasonable, life is lighter than Hongmao, death and righteousness are combined. However, death can't be pursued, and life can't be gained any more. Therefore, it's difficult to be honest. Yang Liang, Xuan Gan, and Li mi are in the opposite shape. They are fierce and powerful. Huang Fu's birthday, you yuan, and Feng CI Ming are reckless in the face of danger. They are brave enough to do justice. Dugu Sheng, Wendu of Yuan Dynasty, Lu Chu and Yao Jun didn't know that heaven had abandoned them and that people could not prosper. They were willing to punish them in order to show loyalty. Although the merit does not exist in the country, and the strength does not exist in the crisis, we can see that the person who has been spared has gone through the three lights and the nine springs. Xutuo and Shanhui had the wind of warm and orderly, and Ziyi and Songfu had the wind of Jieyang. It's true that there are loyal ministers in a chaotic country. " In the epitaph of Zhang Fujun in Nanyang in the great Sui Dynasty, it is said that "xuanqiu Xiyin is worshipped by the arc star Lord. He is a loyal minister and a filial son. The second capital is called Miao, and the Third Dynasty is called Zhi. It's a way to show the history of the country. Hengnong's report on his work, Shaanxi's service and voice. Sangtian is Lai, and tanglu is famous. Yi Er Ru Ying, Zhi Lang Shen Qing. Benevolence is beneficial to widowers.

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Xu Tuo