Sima Zhong

Sima Zhong

Sima Zhong (February 13, 259-january 8, 307), whose name is zhengdu, was born in Wenxian County, Hanoi prefecture (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). The second emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty (290-307), the second son of Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, whose mother was Yang Yan, Empress Wu Yuan.

Taishi three years (267), volume for the crown prince. Taixi first year (290), officially ascended the throne. If he can't do anything, he will be assisted by Taifu Yang Jun. Later, the empress Jia Nanfeng murdered the Yang Jun family and held the actual power. During the rebellion of the eight kings, simalun, king of Zhao, usurped the throne and thought that he was the supreme emperor and was imprisoned in Jinyong city. He was kidnapped by the kings, reduced to a puppet and humiliated. He was welcomed back to Luoyang by Sima Yue, king of the East China Sea.

Guangxi year (January 8, 307), died at the age of 48, posthumous title for Hui, buried in the sun mausoleum.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Sima Zhong was born in the fourth year of Ganlu (259). In 267, Sima Zhong was appointed the crown prince at the age of nine.

In 272, Sima Zhong was ordered by Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty to marry Jia Nanfeng, the daughter of Jia Chong, as the crown princess. Jia Nanfeng was 15 years old at that time, two years older than Sima Zhong.

Ascend the throne in the prime of life

On April 20, the first year of Taixi (290), Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty passed away, and the crown prince Sima Zhong ascended the throne for emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty. He was granted amnesty and changed his name to Yongxi. Respect stepmother empress Yang Zhi (Yang Yan's cousin) for empress dowager, Li Fei Jia Nanfeng for Queen. On May 13 of the same year, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty was buried in junyang Mausoleum (now caizhuang north, south of Yanshi, Henan Province). On May 18, the number of officials in the world was increased by one level, and the number of people who participated in the funeral of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty was increased by two levels. The people's taxes were exempted for one year, and the officials with more than 2000 stones were appointed Marquis of Guanzhong. Yang Jun, a Taiwei, served as Taifu to assist the government. On August 26, Sima Lin, the king of Guangling, was appointed as the crown prince. He Shao, the governor of Zhongshu, was appointed as the crown prince's teacher. Wang Rong, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, was appointed as the crown prince's Taifu. Yang Ji, the general of Wei, was appointed as the crown prince's Taibao. General Shi Chong of nanzhonglang, commander Hu Yi of Shesheng, commander Zhao Jun of Changshui, and General Zhao Huan of Yanglie were sent out. Later, in the first month of 291, it was changed to Yongping.

The rebellion of the eight kings

After Sima Zhong came to power, he trusted queen Jia Nanfeng very much. Therefore, empress Jia monopolized and even faked the imperial edict of Sima Zhong. In the first year of Yongping (291), he persecuted the empress dowager, abolished her position as empress dowager, and killed Sima Liang. In the same year, he killed the Empress Dowager in Kim Yong Shing. The rebellion of the eight kings. From then on.

In 294 and 296, the Huns and other nationalities rebelled, and the di chieftain Qi became emperor for thousands of years. It was not until 299 that the rebellion was eliminated.

In the ninth year of Yuankang (299), Jia Nanfeng began to persecute the crown prince, and first abolished his crown prince status. The next year, the prince was murdered. This act became the starting point for many royal families who opposed the dictatorship of empress Jia. Sima Lun, the king of Zhao, faked an imperial edict to abolish Jia and killed Sikong, Zhang Hua and others. He led the prime minister and restored the status of the former crown prince. Sima Zang, the son of the former crown prince, was appointed as the grandson of the emperor.

In August of the first year of Yongkang (300 years), Sima Yun, the king of Huainan, raised his troops against simalun and was defeated and killed. In December of the same year, Zhao Zhen, the governor of Yizhou, led the refugees who fled from the Central Plains to Sichuan to rebel in Chengdu.

In the first year of Yongning (301), after Sima Lun usurped the throne, he became emperor. Sima Zhong was regarded as the supreme emperor, and Sima Zang, the emperor's grandson, was killed. In March, Sima GUI, king of Qi, fought against Sima Lun and was supported by Sima Ying, king of Chengdu, Sima GUI, king of Hejian and Sima Yi, king of Changshan. Simalun was defeated. Sima min, the king of huailing, killed Sima Lun's party members, expelled Sima Lun, and led Sima Zhong back. Smalen was killed. In May, Sima Shang, the king of Xiangyang, was established as the grandson of the emperor and Yang Xianrong as the queen. In June, Sima Rui, the king of Donglai, attempted to overthrow Sima's dictatorship. In December, Li te began to fight against Jin Dynasty in Sichuan, which was the starting point of becoming a Han Dynasty.

In the first year of Tai'an (302), Sima Shang, the great grandson of the early emperor, died young, and Sima Qin was made Prince. In May, Li te defeated Sima Gu in Sichuan and sent him to fight against his army. He killed Zhang Wei, the prefect of Guanghan, and became a great general. In December, Sima Ying, Sima GUI, Sima Xin, king of Xinye, and Sima GUI, king of Fanyang, met in Luoyang to oppose Sima GUI's dictatorship. Sima Yi took the opportunity to kill him and became a powerful official in the court.

In March, 303, Li TE was killed when he attacked Chengdu. In April, his son Li Xiong occupied Chengdu. By the end of the year, Li Xiong had occupied almost the whole Sichuan Basin. In May, Zhang Chang and Qiu shenfan founded the Han Dynasty and killed Sima Xin. In August, Sima Ying and Sima Shu attacked Sima Yi. In October, Sima Gu's army invaded Chang'an, and tens of thousands of people died in the subsequent looting. After that, the two armies fought outside Chang'an City, and even the 13-year-old boy was recruited. At the same time, the two armies recruited Huns and other troops. Finally, Sima Yi was defeated and killed. Sima Gu became an important figure in Jin Dynasty.

In the first year of Yong'an (304), Sima Zhong was more and more threatened by Sima Gu, so he issued a secret imperial edict to Liu Shen and Huangfu to attack Sima Gu, but it failed. Sima Gu's army plundered in Luoyang. In February, the empress Yang was abolished, the crown prince Sima Qin was abolished, and Sima Ying was established as the emperor's younger brother. The dictatorship of Sima Ying and Sima Yu. But in June, another coup took place in the capital. Sima Ying was expelled. Yang was restored to Queen and Sima Qin to Prince. In July, Sima Zhong led his army to attack Sima Ying. He was defeated by Sima Ying's army in dangyin. Sima Zhong was slandered in the face, shot three arrows in the body and captured by Sima Ying. Yang and Sima Qin were abandoned again. In August, Sima Ying was defeated by Anbei General Wang Jun, who took Sima Zhong and fled to Luoyang. All the way there was only coarse rice. In November, Sima Zhong was abducted to Chang'an by Zhang Fang, the general of Sima Gu. Zhang Fang's army robbed the palace and looted all the treasures in the palace. At the end of the year, Sima Shu once again took power in Chang'an, and Sima became a Taifu. In the same year, Li Xiong called himself the king of Chengdu in Chengdu, Cheng Han founded the country, Liu Yuan called himself the king of Han, and established the former Zhao Dynasty.

In the second year of Yongxing (305), the army of Sima GUI and Zhang Fang, Sima Ying, Sima Yue and Sima GUI, the king of Fan Yang, scuffled in the Central Plains. Basically, the central government did not exist, and China's marginal areas became independent one after another. At the end of the second year of Yongxing (305), Sima Yue defeated him. Sima killed Zhang and asked Sima Yue to make peace with him, but it was invalid.

In the first year of Guangxi (306), Sima Yue's Xianbei army invaded Chang'an, plundered and killed more than 20000 people. In September, Sima Ying was captured and then killed. The end of the eight kings' rebellion.

die suddenly

On the night of November 17, the first year of Guangxi (January 8, 307), Sima Zhong died in Xianyang Hall of Luoyang. He was 48 years old. It is said that Sima Yue, the king of Donghai, poisoned him and killed him. After his death, he was buried in taiyangling (now Luoyang, Henan Province). His posthumous title was Emperor Xiaohui. His younger brother Sima chi (284-313) ascended the throne and changed to Yongjia, namely emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty.

Historical evaluation

Zhang Hong: "the prince does not learn."

Wei Yu: "this seat is a pity!"

In the book of Jin, Shi Chen said: "the son of no talent, the empress is called great, the power is not from the emperor, and the government is from the night. Bao Si's uncle led and prospered, and after Xiang he was lucky with his dog army. In the past, the red and the red were unworthy, and the king of Nan escaped from the responsibility. The evil virtue was related to the rest of the blame. The heat of the heat will be lost, and the sound of the frog is rarely recorded. It is the smile of zhangchi and the falling of Fu. Is it true that the generalist Junyan is still better than the former generation, and he is better at increasing prostitution and helping abuse than the present? It was named Zhongliang, and it was named laoni in this book. Since then, it has been the source of Shuyuan. Changle is ominous, Chenghua is unnatural, the life forms are Dang, and the country is in ruins. In ancient times, when the country was defeated and the body was destroyed, they went their separate ways together. If there was no chaos, they were mostly mediocre. Do you know that God has lost his spirit, and Emperor Wu does not know his son! " Praise said: "Huihuang lived in Zun and listened to the emperor. If you are ignorant, you will feel faint. High stage wangzi, long night Xi Yuan. Jin Yong's crown was destroyed, Tang Yin's Zhou was released, and all of you were dead

Hu Sansheng: "who said that the emperor is stupid!"

Wang Fuzhi: "Huidi's stupidity is unparalleled in ancient and modern times, and the country is doomed because of it."

Anecdotes and allusions

Cheating to solve problems

Sima Zhong's IQ was low when he was a child. Sima Yan worried that Sima Zhong would lose his family fortune. Once, in order to test Sima Zhong's thinking ability, Sima Yan asked him several questions and limited him to hand in the paper within three days. After Sima Zhong got the title, he didn't know how to answer it. His wife, Jia Nanfeng, was a very clever man. Seeing this, he immediately invited several learned old men to solve Sima Zhong's problems.

After reading the answer paper, Sima Yan thought that his son's thinking was very clear, so he was relieved. However, as soon as Sima Yan died, Sima Zhong ascended the throne and asked him to make his own decision when something happened, which made a lot of jokes.

Official and private toads

One summer, I went to play with Ma Zhong. They went to a pond and heard the sound of frogs. Sima Zhong felt very strange, so he asked his followers whether they were officials or private? The attendant said, "what is called in the official family is official; if it is called in the private family, it is private."

Why not eat minced meat

There was another year of famine. The common people had no food to eat, and there were starving people everywhere. Some people reported the situation to Sima Zhong, but Sima Zhong said to the reporter, "there is no food to eat. Why don't they eat meat porridge?" After hearing the report, the people couldn't laugh or cry. The victims couldn't even eat food. Where could they get porridge? This shows how stupid Sima Zhong is.

Ji Shi Zhong Xue

On July 24, the first year of Yongxing (304), Shi Chao's army suddenly killed. Sima Zhong's army was defeated in dangyin. Sima Zhong was injured in the face and shot three arrows. All the officials and bodyguards fled one after another. Only Ji Shao, wearing the dress of the court meeting, got off his horse and boarded Sima Zhong's car to defend the emperor. Shi Chao's soldiers killed Ji Shao

Chinese PinYin : Si Ma Zhong