Jin Shanbao

Jin Shanbao

Jin Shanbao (1895.7.2-1997.6.26), male, Xiaoyan, born in Zhuji, Zhejiang Province, is a wheat breeder, agricultural educator, the main founder of modern wheat Science in China, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

He graduated from the Department of agriculture of Nanjing Normal University in 1920 and the Department of agronomy of National Southeast University in 1926. He received a master's degree from the University of Minnesota in 1932. In 1934, he edited China's first wheat monograph on practical wheat. In 1955, he was elected member of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and joined the Communist Party of China in February 1956.

Jin Shanbao devoted his whole life to wheat scientific research. Jin Shanbao has trained several generations of agricultural education, scientific research and production management talents for China. Early bred "NANDA 2419", "ailido" and other wheat varieties, the largest annual planting area of more than 70 million mu, made a significant contribution to China's wheat yield; later discovered and named China's unique common wheat subspecies - Yunnan wheat. His monographs, such as Chinese wheat cultivation, Chinese wheat varieties, Chinese wheat varieties and their genealogy, and Chinese agricultural encyclopedia, crop volume, reflect the development and achievements of crop science, especially wheat science since the founding of the people's Republic of China.

Participated in the establishment of the 93 society. Director of the second Central Council, member of the third and fourth central committee, member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth Central Committee, vice chairman of the sixth and Seventh Central Committee, and honorary chairman of the eighth and ninth Central Committee.

Life of the characters

On July 2, 1895, Jin Shanbao was born in ShiXiakou village, Fengqiao town, Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province. Jin Shanbao's father is a village scholar who teaches private schools in the village. Jin Shanbao began to study in his father's private school at the age of 6. He has successively read "Hundred Surnames", "thousand character prose", "Tang poetry", "University", "golden mean", "Analects of Confucius", "Mencius" and so on. When Jin Shanbao was 13 years old, his father died of illness and his private school was closed. Jin Shanbao went to Fengqiao primary school.

In 1911, Jin Shanbao was admitted to Shaoxing army middle school, which was run by the alliance, and began to contact with the idea of democratic revolution.

In 1913, Jin Shanbao was admitted to Shaoxing Zhejiang provincial No. 5 middle school.

In 1917, he was admitted to the agricultural specialty of Nanjing Normal University, the predecessor of Nanjing Agricultural University.

In 1920, Jin Shanbao graduated from the Agricultural College of Nanjing Normal University with outstanding achievements.

In 1921, Southeast University established the National Southeast University Agricultural Experimental Farm in Dashengguan, jiangdongmenwai, Nanjing. Huangcheng wheat experimental farm also entered Dashengguan. Jin Shanbao changed his post as a technician of the farm until 1927.

In 1926, Jin Shanbao went back to school to make up one year's credits and completed his undergraduate studies in agronomy. In the past six years, Jin Shanbao has been engaged in scientific research on wheat, corn and soybean in the general farm of agricultural experiment, and has bred excellent wheat varieties such as "Jiangyan Huangpi" and "Wujin wumang".

In 1927, he completed all the undergraduate studies of Agronomy in the Agricultural College of Southeast University.

In 1928, Jin Shanbao taught in Hangzhou labor and agriculture college (now Zhejiang Agricultural University). In the same year, he published the book "China Wheat Region", which is of great significance to wheat research and production in China.

From 1928 to 1929, he published "preliminary classification of wheat in China" and "study on flowering period of wheat".

In 1930, Zhejiang Provincial Department of education openly recruited overseas students. Jin Shanbao applied for the examination. He first studied plant physiology and genetics at the Agricultural College of Cornell University. A year later, he transferred to the Agricultural College of the University of Minnesota to study cytology, soil microbiology and other courses. At the same time, he participated in crop breeding.

From 1934 to 1935, three articles closely related to the deepening of the main field crop breeding work at that time were published, namely "modern maize breeding method", "comparison of swelling properties of Indica and japonica glutinous rice by statistical methods" and "the relationship between several traits of soybean and oil and protein".

In 1932, he returned to China as an associate professor of the Agricultural College of Zhejiang University and a professor of the Agricultural College of Nanjing Central University. He edited soybean oil and protein and modern rice seed method.

In 1937, Jin Shanbao, a professor in the Department of agronomy of Central University, moved to Shapingba, Chongqing with the University. During his stay in Chongqing, he often participated in "Natural Science Symposium". From the wheat varieties collected in Yunnan Province, tongannuity Shanbao discovered a new type of wheat, which is awnless, white shell, hard and easy to break cob, the spikelet is close to the cob, the angle is very small, the spikelet is broken from the spike node stem, the glume is tight, the grain is difficult to separate, and the seed surface is triangular.

In 1939, Jin Shanbao and his assistants selected excellent wheat varieties - "Zhongda 2509" (also known as "ailido") and "Zhongda 2419" (later renamed "NANDA 2419") suitable for planting in Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River through systematic selection method from more than 3000 wheat materials imported from home and abroad.

In 1943, Jin Shanbao and Wu Dongcheng studied and divided China's wheat regions together. Until the early 1980s, Taiwan's agricultural teaching books still quoted this material.

In 1945, Jin Shanbao, together with several progressive professors in Chongqing, was invited to the Zhang Zhizhong residence by the Jialing River. Mao Zedong, chairman of the CPC Central Committee, cordially met with them.

In March 1946, Jin Shanbao moved back to Nanjing with the Central University.

In 1948, he was invited by Rong Yiren to work as professor and director of the Department of Agronomy in the Agricultural College of Jiangnan University in Wuxi.

In July 1949, he was invited to Beijing to attend the Symposium of natural science workers held by Premier Zhou.

In 1952, the Agricultural College of Central University and the Agricultural College of Jinling University merged to establish Nanjing Agricultural College, with Jin Shanbao as its president.

In March 1957, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences was established in Beijing. Jin Shanbao served as vice president of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. He went to Beijing in September 1958.

In 1961, he edited Chinese wheat cultivation, which played an important role in the beginning.

In 1964, he and Liu Ding'an edited the first historical document "Chinese wheat variety annals", which is a biography of modern wheat cultivars in China.

On the national day of 1967, when Jin Shanbao attended the Tiananmen Square ceremony, Premier Zhou Enlai put forward to him the sincere hope that the Academy of Agricultural Sciences "depends on you" and urged him to eliminate interference and resistance and continue scientific research as planned.

Since 1973, Jin Shanbao and his assistants have started to cultivate new wheat varieties with late sowing tolerance, strong disease resistance, stable yield, high yield and wide adaptability.

In 1983, Jin Shanbao was the chief editor and Zhuang Qiaosheng was the deputy chief editor. He published Chinese wheat varieties and their pedigrees.

In 1986, he became a permanent honorary member of the American agricultural service foundation.

He died on June 26, 1997 at the age of 102.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

Jin Shanbao devoted his whole life to wheat scientific research and made great contributions to China's agricultural production. The idea of wheat breeding in different places was put forward. After years of efforts, it was successful. It can breed three generations a year, which shortens the breeding time of new spring wheat varieties from about ten years to three or four years, becoming a milestone of wheat breeding in China. "Breeding in the South and breeding in the north" has become a widely used term and breeding method in the field of agricultural science and technology. During the "Cultural Revolution", we tried every means to continue scientific research according to the plan, and screened out "Jinghong" Wheat Varieties with wide adaptability after the test of geographical differences, natural changes and diseases. In 29 evaluation tests in 10 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, 24 of them had the highest average yield per mu, and some of them had an average yield per unit area more than 10% or 20% of that of Mexican wheat which was popular all over the world at that time . In 1976, 600000 Mu was planted. In the 1980s, he and his students and assistants bred new varieties of spring wheat. Jin Shanbao wrote or organized a large number of works, which made great achievements in the history of agricultural science and technology in China.

The improved variety "NANDA 2419" bred by Jin Shanbao has the advantages of early maturity, resistance to stripe rust, resistance to midge midge, strong culm resistance, big ear and full grain, wide adaptability and good general combining ability. Therefore, it is not only the improved variety with the largest planting area when the first variety was changed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River winter wheat region after the establishment of the people's Republic of China, but also the best variety in China's wheat cross breeding in more than 30 years One of the main parents. According to the book "Chinese wheat varieties and their genealogy", there are 98 direct and indirect derived varieties, which are distributed in seven major wheat regions in China. Among the representative varieties, winter wheat includes "Shijiazhuang 34", "Xuzhou 14", "Zhengzhou 3", "Neixiang 5", "Dafeng 1087", "Wannian 2", "Anhui 9", "Shuwan 8", "Mianyang 4", "efeng 1087" Wheat No.6, fengmai No.13, spring wheat No.4, kechun No.5, Ganmai No.7, Cangchun No.6, etc.

In the early 1960s, we carried out the research on breeding and generation addition of new spring wheat varieties, and adopted "spring sowing in the north, summer sowing in the high mountains and autumn sowing in the South" to realize the reproduction of two or three generations of wheat in a year, which greatly shortened the time for breeding new wheat varieties, and successively bred "Jinghong" and "Jingchun" new spring wheat varieties. These varieties catch up with and surpass Mexican wheat in early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and grain quality.

After the mid-1950s, he combined with the study of wheat species and distribution, according to the growth period, stage development characteristics, seedling, plant, spike and grain characteristics of wheat varieties, and referring to the natural environment of the origin, cultivation system and climatic conditions during the growth period, made a comprehensive analysis and summary, and determined China's wheat as 14 ecological types.

personnel training

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