The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: multi voice folk song (Qiaoqi multi voice folk song)
Applicant: Ya'an City, Sichuan Province
Item No.: 61
Project No.: Ⅱ - 30
Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)
Category: Traditional Music
Region: Sichuan Province
Type: Extension Project
Applicant: Ya'an City, Sichuan Province
Protected by: Baoxing Cultural Center
Introduction to multi part folk song (Qiaoqi multi part folk song)
Applicant: Ya'an City, Sichuan Province
Polysyllabic folk songs refer to folk songs with polysyllabic structure. Chinese polysyllabic folk songs are mainly concentrated in more than ten ethnic minorities, such as Zhuang, Dong, Buyi, Gaoshan, Maonan, Jiajia, Miao and Yi. Most of them adopt two part form, and a few are three part and four part art.
Qiaoqi Township, located in Baoxing County, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province, can be called the hometown of song and dance, with a long tradition of folk art. Qiaoqi multi voice folk songs with unique style, strong religious color and grand momentum occupy a prominent position in Qiaoqi songs and dances.
According to the singing occasion, Qiaoqi multi voice folk songs can be divided into four kinds. One is the multi voice chorus of the ceremony of "carrying Bodhisattva". Qiaoqi's traditional religious activity "carrying Bodhisattvas" (conversion meeting) was held on the 17th day of the first month, which has a history of nearly 2000 years. At that time, four people will lift the Maitreya statue out of the Sutra hall with sedan chair. Thousands of Tibetan people will follow behind the sedan chair and sing all the way. In this process, the voice parts will continue to stack, gradually forming a huge two voice part, three voice part or even multi voice part singing. It is magnificent and spectacular. The multi part chorus of "lifting Bodhisattva" is scattered, and each part appears on the same tone one after another, free improvisation, but occasionally there is a unified rhythm and "canon" style. The second is the multi voice chorus of the Buddhist dojo. In Qiaoqi Tibetan private funerals, lamas are invited to perform the ritual of crossing the dead. When the ceremony is held, the invited or heard guests gather in a larger room and sit on the ground. There are at least dozens or more than 100 people. The lamas lead the singing of scriptures, and all the people accompany the singing, forming a mixed voice of one singing and others singing. Its solemn atmosphere and deep singing have a strong emotional appeal. The third is "beating wheat" multi voice chorus. During the harvest season, Tibetans work in a coordinated way to beat wheat, singing and chanting are interwoven, and the atmosphere is very warm. The women sweeping the floor beside also joined in and sang from time to time, thus forming a multi voice chorus of "beating wheat". In chorus, the tonality of male and female parts overlaps, and the relationship between voice parts is relatively simple. The fourth is the polyphonic chorus in Guozhuang. Guozhuang is very popular in Qiaoqi. The tunes are mainly carried out in the same part, but there will be a small amount of multi part music in the introduction and the beginning.
Qiaoqi multi voice folk songs have become an important part of the spiritual life of the local Tibetans. People integrate their beliefs, desires, joys, sorrows and music into the mysterious and vulgar music and simple dance. In this sense, Qiaoqi multi voice folk songs provide valuable materials for the study of Tibetan culture. With the change of social production mode and the disappearance of traditional customs, Qiaoqi multi voice folk songs are facing the danger of extinction, which needs urgent rescue.
Chinese PinYin : Duo Sheng Bu Min Ge Qiao Qi Duo Sheng Bu Min Ge
Multi part folk song (Qiaoqi multi part folk song)
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