Stone carving (Zeku and risi stone carving)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: stone carving

Applicant: Zeku County, Qinghai Province

Project No.: 832

Project No.: Ⅶ - 56

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Qinghai Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Zeku County, Qinghai Province

Protection unit: Zeku County Cultural Library

Introduction to stone carvings (Zeku and risi stone carvings)

Applicant: Zeku County, Qinghai Province

Stone carving, also known as "stone carving", is a traditional hand carving technique with stone as raw material. China's stone carving art has a long history. It has been carried on for thousands of years and has been handed down to the present day. It shows the exquisite technology, ingenious conception and abundant creativity of traditional folk crafts. Stone carving is usually created on natural stone materials such as marble, granite, bluestone and sandstone. In this process, a series of skilled folk carving techniques such as round carving, relief carving, openwork carving and line carving are used. Because these stone materials are natural and can be preserved for a long time, stone carving techniques are mostly used to make large-scale sculptures and decorative sculptures. According to the use, stone carving products can be divided into three categories: first, building components and decorations, such as platform base, memorial archway, stone lion, etc.; second, god Buddha statues, such as the statues of Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Province and Longmen Grottoes in Henan Province; third, daily necessities, such as desk ornaments and inkstones, which can be appreciated and used. Traditional stone carving used axes, hammers and chisels as tools. In modern times, some more advanced tools such as glycerine powder and simple machinery were used. With the development of society, the stone carving technology is improving day by day. As a unique commodity, the related products are widely circulated in the market and have unique artistic charm.

Zeku and risi stone carving is a kind of Tibetan folk carving art with stone as raw material, which is popular in heri Township, Zeku County, Qinghai Province and the surrounding areas. It started in the Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, when the third derton, the head of hori temple, invited stone carvers to carve scriptures and Buddha statues. Later, it passed on to luojiacang living Buddha and several generations of folk artists, and has a history of more than 100 years. During the "Cultural Revolution" period, stone carving production stopped for a time. After the restoration of religious policy, the temple monk Gongbao Caidan old man led his disciples to pass on the art, which revitalized the traditional stone carving technology. The stone carvings of Heli temple include Scripture carving and Buddha carving, as well as line carving, relief carving, round carving and other technical forms. They are exquisite in technology, exquisite in design, vivid in image and clear in writing. The quality of the carvings is delicate and smooth. The text of the stone carvings is elegant, neat and powerful. The Buddha carvings are full and smooth in shape, with distinct Buddhist artistic features. The stone inscriptions in Zeku and risi provide precious "stone books" for the study of Tibetology and Tibetan art, and have high historical and cultural value.

With the development of society, jade making has gradually become an independent industry. In history, the needs of the Royal aristocracy prompted the continuous development and maturity of jade carving technology. Because of the high hardness of jade, special tools and methods must be used in processing. Before making jade, we need to go through a series of strict processes, such as material selection, sample drawing, sawing and blank making, and then process jade by two basic technological means: chiseling and grinding. The quality of jade carving products is determined by the quality of carving and grinding technology and the level of image expression and form control. Since the Song Dynasty, Suzhou jade carving has been outstanding, and is famous for its exquisite workmanship and ethereal beauty. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, the development of jade carving reached its peak, forming the famous schools of "jingzuo" and "suzuo" in history. Since modern times, jade carving in Guangdong and other places has sprung up, making this traditional handicraft full of vitality.

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