Shangdu Town, Zhenglan Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Shangdu town

Shangdu town is located in the middle of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the southernmost tip of Paradise grassland Xilingol League. It is only 180 km away from Beijing, which is the nearest typical grassland area to Beijing.

With a total area of 1726.52 square kilometers and a total population of 35214 (2017), the whole banner is a multi-ethnic community with Mongolian as the main body. There are eight ethnic groups including Han, Mongolia, man, Tu, Zang, Hui, Daur and Ewenki. It is a multi-ethnic gathering area with Mongolian as the main body and Han as the majority.

A brief introduction to the town

Shangdu town is the seat of the Party committee and government of Zhenglan Banner, as well as the political, economic and cultural center of the whole banner.

In April 2001, the former Shangdu yingaole town was merged with dundahot town and named Shangdu yingaole town. In January 2003, it was changed into Shangdu town. In 2005, the former zhuolunguole town and baorihaote town were merged into Shangdu town.

The total area of the town is 1726.52 square kilometers, of which the town area is 7.2 square kilometers, and the transportation, communication, electric power, radio and television are relatively developed;

Cultural, sports, health and trade markets are booming. There are 132 units and departments such as the party, the government and the army, 3 middle schools, 4 primary schools, 2 kindergartens, 22 large and medium-sized enterprises, and more than 1300 private and individual businesses in the town.

The town governs 13 animal husbandry Gacha, 6 neighborhood committees, 1 Caiyuan village and 1 alsantou ranch, with a total population of 35214 (2017).

Regional overview

The northern part is Hunshandake sandy land, showing the natural scenery of sandy grassland; the southern part is low mountains and hills, showing the beautiful scene of meadow grassland. Shangdu town is rich in water resources, with 21 rivers and 147 lakes.

There are 708 kinds of plants and more than 20 kinds of rare wild animal resources in the banner.

Shangdu town has convenient transportation, including 207 National Road, 308 provincial road, inter provincial channel, Sang Lan railway, Jitong Railway and LAN Feng railway. Shangdu town has a long history and splendid culture,

This was once the place of Longxing in the Yuan Dynasty, where Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, established the first grassland capital, Shangdu of the Yuan Dynasty. This is the birthplace of Mongolian Yuan culture and a typical representative of Chahar folk culture,

It is the base of Chinese Mongolian phonetic standard and the supply place of Royal milk. It is an important national base of green animal products. It is also the hometown of Na saiyinchaoketu, the founder of Mongolian modern literature.

Shangdu town is one of the 50 key industrial counties in the autonomous region and one of the fastest growing counties in Western China. Shangdu power plant, the national key project of West to East power transmission, will soon be built into Asia's largest air cooling power plant. The unique location advantage, convenient transportation conditions and splendid history and culture have brought rich tourism resources and development opportunities for Shangdu town.

Geography and climate

Shangdu town has unique natural conditions. The terrain is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, with an average altitude of 1300 meters. As the highest point of the whole banner, wuhaerqin Oboo has an altitude of 1673.9 meters. The northern part of the banner is the Middle East section of the famous Hunshandake sandy land, which is a typical landform type of alternating dune and meadow. There are sparse forests, shrubs and meadows on the flat grassland formed between sand dunes, which form a unique pastoral scenery with other grasslands.

In the south, there are low mountains and hills, which are the intersection of the low mountains and hills in the north of Yanshan Mountain and the low mountains and hills in the southwest of Daxinganling Mountain. Hunshandake Sandy Land in the north and jinlianchuan typical grassland in the south are not only the maintenance system of ecological environment in the whole banner, but also the favorable barrier of ecological environment in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

Shangdu town has a mild climate. It has a mid temperate continental climate. The annual average temperature is 1.5 ℃, the average temperature in January is - 18.3 ℃, the average temperature in July is 18.7 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 35.9 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 36.6 ℃, and it is cool and pleasant in summer. It is a good place for summer. The annual rainfall is 365.1 mm, mainly concentrated in July, August and September, accounting for 80% - 90% of the annual rainfall. There are 104 frost free days in the whole year and 180 ice snow days in winter.

natural resources

Shangdu town is rich in water resources. There are many rivers and lakes in the sand and grassland, which is a natural landscape of Shangdu town. There are 21 large and small rivers in the whole banner, which are composed of two water systems.

In the north, it belongs to hurichagannor river system, which is mainly composed of inner rivers such as gaogustai River and mangkeaolimu river flowing through Hunshandake sandy land; in the south, it belongs to Luanhe River system, which is mainly composed of outflow rivers such as Shangdu River and Huiwen River originating in the low mountain and hilly area in the south of the banner. The total length of rivers is 283.9 km.

In addition, there are 16 springs and 142 Lakes (noer). The largest fresh water lake is zagestanor, and the largest salt water lake is haoletuyinnor. In spring and summer, many precious birds live in the main rivers and lakes.

Shangdu town is rich in vegetation types. There are 708 kinds of seed plants. There are poplar and birch secondary forests in the east of Hunshandake Sandy Land in the north, island shrubbery in the shady slope of low mountains and hills in the west, elm sparse forest in the north and large grassland in the middle. The grassland of Shangdu town in summer, with blue sky, white clouds, larks, lakes, winding rivers and endless mountains, trees and meadows, forms a harmonious and beautiful grassland landscape.

Economic society

Shangdu town has developed animal husbandry. There are 14.7212 million mu of pasture in the whole banner, accounting for 96.39% of the available land area. Among them, 12.4994 million mu of grassland can be used,

Accounting for 84.91% of the total pasture area. Since 1996, the number of livestock in the whole banner has exceeded one million in successive years, and the per capita annual income of herdsmen has reached more than 2000 yuan. Shangdu town has convenient transportation.

National Highway 207 passes through the north and south, provincial highway S304 passes through the East and West, and Jining Tongliao Railway passes through the north of the banner. Shangdu town is located 238 km from Xilinhot in the north, 400 km from Hohhot in the West and 191 km from Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province. It is a typical grassland area nearest to Beijing and Tianjin.

Scenic Spots and Historical Sites

In Shangdu Town, there are four Lang city sites (cultural relic protection units of Jin and Yuan autonomous region), haoya'er bengbuhaote site (Yuan Dynasty), dayingzi site (Yuan Dynasty), Aolin Maodu site (Yuan Dynasty), hadentai site (Ming Dynasty), hadentai site (Ming Dynasty), agacha tomb group (Tang Dynasty), Yuan Dynasty. It is a national key protection unit. The Shangdu site of Yuan Dynasty is located in 20 east of Shangdu town Km away.

History and culture

Nomadic age

Shangdu town has rich historical and cultural heritage. As early as one or two hundred thousand years ago, there were ancient humans in Shangdu town. From the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period to the Yuan Dynasty, it was a place for the northern ethnic production activities. Among them, Xiongnu, Donghu, Wuhuan, Xianbei, Rouran, Tujue, Huihe, Qidan and Nuzhen are the most influential ethnic groups. They are here to draw colorful historical pictures.

From a long time B.C. to the first century A.D., it was the area ruled by Xiongnu, and from the second century to the third century A.D., it was the territory of Xianbei people. At the end of the fourth century, the region was ruled by the Turks, and by the middle of the fifth century, it was ruled by the Turks. From the sixth century to the ninth century, he was ruled by the Huihe people. In the tenth century, he became the territory of the Khitan people. He was the summer resort of the Liao emperor Nabo.

At the beginning of the 12th century, Nuzhen destroyed Liao and established Jin Dynasty. It built Huanzhou city on the North Bank of holihuchuan to govern the northwest border of Jin Dynasty. It was the location of Huanzhou capital on Xijing road of Jin Dynasty, and also the place where the government office of the northwest road of Jin Dynasty established accounts.

Wanyanyong, the emperor of the state of Jin, renamed this place "jinlianchuan". He said that "Lianzhe Lianye takes the meaning of connecting golden branches and jade leaves". He often leads cavalry here to spend summer hunting. Wan Yanfu, Emperor Zhangzong of Jin Dynasty, was born in MADAGE mountain here, so he named it "MADAGE". On the basis of wulugu in the former Liao Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty set up Teman and tein group herdsmen here to serve as the livestock fighting horses of the Jin Dynasty.

Belong to China

In 1211, Genghis Khan personally led the army to attack the Jin Dynasty, and "went down to Huanzhou of the Jin Dynasty and got millions of horses under his supervision, which belonged to all the armies, and the army's strength was greatly boosted.". In 1251 ad, Mongol Khan mengge ordered Kublai Khan to lead the army and state affairs of Monan Han and settle in jinlianchuan. Here, Kublai Khan called on the world's famous people to form the famous "jinlianchuan shogunate".

The establishment of the jinlianchuan shogunate played an important role in Kublai Khan's governance of the Han Dynasty and even the unification of China. In 1256, Kublai Khan ordered Liu Bingzhong to build a city in this area.

It was built in 1259 and named Kaiping mansion. In March 1260, Kublai Khan ascended the throne of emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and took Kaiping as the temporary capital. In 1264, Yanjing (today's Beijing City) was changed into the capital of China and later called Dadu, thus establishing the system of touring the two capitals. In 1272, Shangdu began to build and expand.

From April to August every year, the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty visited Shangdu for summer hunting and dealt with the affairs of the court. With the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed by wars and turned into a ruin embracing a huge civilization. In the Ming Dynasty, kaipingwei command department was set up here to garrison. With the decline of the Ming Dynasty, the Mongols returned to their hometown, nomadic production, and became the territory of the Mongolian right wing.

In 1675, Chahar lindan Khan sun bulni fought against the Qing Dynasty and was defeated and died. The Qing government incorporated the remaining Chahar tribes into the Eight Banners order and set up the general manager to govern it. Shangdu town and Xianghuang Banner became the left wing of the eight banners of Chahar and were placed on this grassland to accept the direct rule of the Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China, it was under the jurisdiction of Chahar province.

The town situation after liberation

It was solved in 1945

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Xi Lin Guo Le Meng Zheng Lan Qi Shang Dou Zhen