Sancha Town, Maiji District, Tianshui City, Gansu Province

Sancha Township

Sancha town is located in the east of Maiji district. It is adjacent to dongcha town in the East, Yuanlong town in the west, Liqiao Township in the South and fenggeling town in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province across the Weihe River in the north. It covers an area of 342 square kilometers and has a population of 3337 households and 15214 (15421) people (at the end of 2008). It has jurisdiction over 17 administrative villages. Township government in Wuzhai village, 65 kilometers away from the city.

Geography

It is located in the forest edge of the northern foot of Qinling Mountains and the Weihe River Valley. Longhai Railway and 310 National Road cross the border. Attractions include Town God's Temple, Gucheng, ancient trench, ancient archway "three Cha Zhen" (plaque for Qing Qianlong writing), Jinlong mountain, Da Xiong Dian, Chaoyang view, Yao Wang Dong, Wu Zhai ancient city, Berlin view, Bi Yu provincial Forest Park.

evolution

modern

Wuzhai township was established in 1949, changed to commune in 1958, and changed to township in 1984. In 1996, it covers an area of 295 square kilometers and has a population of 12000. It has jurisdiction over 18 administrative villages including Tailu, Beiyu, Hefeng, Wuzhai, Yanxi, yecha, Putao, Huanglong, Shuiguan, sangjiamen, shijiawo, Qinling, shejiamen, xiaopengping, Qianjin, songmutai, xiaojiaping and Wangshan. In 2003, the three villages of Jicun, Guanzhuang and zuitou in Liyuan Township were assigned to Sancha Township. In 2015, according to the reply of Gansu Provincial Department of Civil Affairs on 9 townships including Zhongliang Township in Qinzhou District of Tianshui City, 9 townships in Tianshui City were changed from township to town, of which Sancha Township in Maiji district was changed into Sancha Town, and the government's residence remained unchanged.

Historical changes

Sancha Town, also known as Wuzhai City, is located in the Weihe Valley in the east of Maiji District, Tianshui city. On the platform under the north foot of Yehe mountain, the Yumai of the West Qinling Mountains, it is the throat of the three provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan. In history, it was a fork in the Weishui gorge road from Chang'an to the East, Longxi to the west, and Hanzhong to the south, so it was also called a fork in the road. The name of Wuzhai began with the historical story of the patriotic generals of the Southern Song Dynasty. The name of Sancha is commonly used by the government because in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a "Sancha branch of Qinzhou Zhili Prefecture", that is, Sancha hall, an administrative unit at the county level. Until the period of the Republic of China, there was Sancha Public Security Bureau. However, the name of Wuzhai is well known by more ordinary people. In different historical periods, the two names of Wuzhai and Sancha are used alternately and are still in use today.

An important place on the ancient road

In 1972, a "sharp bottom bottle" was unearthed in Wuzhai commune at that time. After expert identification, the "sharp bottom bottle" was used to worship heaven and earth to hold wine, belonging to the Yangshao cultural relics of the new era. Ancient pottery and axes were excavated in Wuzhai and Wuzhai in the nineties. According to historical records, Fuxi was born in Chengji (Chenqi) and moved to Chencang (Chencang). These three place names all have the sound of "Chen" and are all distributed along the same axis of the Weishui River Basin. Fuxi Nuwa entered the Weihe River Basin from Hulu River, led the clan members along the Weihe River to the east of Guanzhong area, and then to the east of Central Plains, which brought Fuxi Culture from Dadiwan to the east of Guanzhong area and lit up the dawn of Chinese civilization. To the west of Sancha Town, there are Fuxi cultural relics such as "Huanglong" village (historical records: Huanglong period), butianshi and Tianzhu Mountain. To the east of Sancha, there are places related to Fuxi Culture such as "Longfeng village", "fenggeling" and Chencang. Dadiwan site is the origin of Chinese civilization. As a necessary place for the migration of human civilization on Weishui gorge Road, Sancha town is an important witness of the eastward spread of Dadiwan Fuxi Culture. In 763 BC, Duke Wen of Qin led his bodyguards from xigouqiu to Sancha (Wuzhai) via Tianshui Fangmatan and Maijishan, and then went eastward along Weishui gorge road to Guanzhong, that is, Duke Wen hunted eastward, and finally realized the "Wei Wei meeting" which influenced the historical trend of pre Qin Dynasty. Qin culture originated in Tianshui area. Duke Wen of Qin went to Guanzhong through Sancha of Weishui gorge road and sowed the seeds of Qin people and Qin culture in Sancha town. In 1978, in Jianhe village, northwest of Sancha Town, bronze wares such as garlic pot and 26nian Ge were unearthed. There are inscriptions "twenty six years, Shou, Zao, Xigong, Shi, Gong, Wuku" on the GE. According to the expert's judgment, this work was made in the 26th year of King Zhao of Qin Dynasty. The first two words of "Shou" should be "Longqi" and "xigongshi" should be made by the officials of xigouqiu, the capital of Qin Dynasty, and belong to the central government. In 2002, Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology discovered a large-scale Qin cemetery on the gentle slope south of Jianhe village, with more than 60 Qin tombs excavated. Most of the Qin tombs are vertical cave, Tukuang cave or partial cave tombs, with east-west direction, and a few are north-south direction. The walls of the tombs are regular, the earth pits are deep and large, and the fill is rammed. Funerary objects are mostly pots, pots, cauldrons and other pottery, which are placed on one or both sides of the cave. In addition, the ancient plank road sites of pre Qin and Warring States period were found in beiyubao, shijiawo, Yanxi and other places around Sancha. According to the records of Qinzhou, "a hundred miles southeast of Qinzhou, sidaoling has the former site of Qin Ying Feizi fanxi's war horse." On April 28, 1986, a Warring States tomb was found in Fangmatan, Xiaolongshan forest area, Dangchuan Township, Maiji District, Tianshui city. A large number of bamboo slips and the earliest paper map of China were unearthed. Among them, "panshiguan" was found in the place names annotated on the map of Fangmatan during the Warring States period. According to the research of some scholars, panshiguan is probably a place near the ancient city of Wuzhai, which is located in fenggeling and Wuzhai of Weishui gorge road. After the opening of the Silk Road, Sancha, as a traffic intersection between East and West Changan and the western regions, once became an important commercial port on the Weishui gorge road with prosperous trade and numerous merchants. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the cultural exchanges between the East and the West became more frequent, and the tea horse road gradually flourished, which made the role of Sancha as a transportation hub more prominent. According to Professor Liang Zhongxiao of the school of history, culture and tourism of Shaanxi Institute of technology, "as early as the Tang Dynasty, there was a channel for transporting Mengding tea from Ya'an, Sichuan Province through the Han River and Jialing River across the Qinling Mountains". At the junction of Beiyu village in Sancha town and Jianhe village in Chencang District, there is also a stone carving of "Qinlong boundary" and a section of artificial stone road, which has become the ancient area of Sancha Another witness of the important place. In the seventh year of Xining (1074 AD), the court set up Qinzhou tea and horse company in Tianshui, which is the earliest tea and horse company in Chinese history. The ancient road to Qinzhou via Hanzhong and Qinling mountains must pass through Sancha town. From the geographical location of Sancha Town, it is a key transportation hub in the context of limited traffic conditions in ancient times. It is a town that connects Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan provinces, goes east to Guanzhong, enters Chang'an, goes West to Qinzhou, reaches the western regions, passes south through Qinling Valley, crosses Qinling mountains, and reaches Bashu in Hanzhong. This may be the real reason why later generations call this place "Sancha".

Castle built by famous anti gold generals

In the second year of Jianyan reign of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty (1128 AD), Jin people surrounded Shanzhou and occupied Yan'an Prefecture. Wu Jie, a military commander of Jingyuan, attacked and killed Jin general Shi bin. After that, the Jin people's cavalry galloped all the way, and finally forced the Song Dynasty to humiliate and seek peace with strong pressure, and signed the Shaoxing collegiate agreement, and half of the Song Dynasty belonged to the Jin State. According to the Shaoxing peace negotiation, the song and Jin Dynasties are bounded by the middle stream of Huaihe River in the East, dashanguan (southwest of Baoji, Shaanxi Province) in the west, Song Dynasty in the South and Jin Dynasty in the north. In Song Dynasty, most of Tang (now Tanghe, Henan), Deng (now Dengzhou, Henan) and Shang (now Shangxian, Shaanxi) and Qin (now Tianshui, Gansu) were given gold. Because a large area to the south of dashanguan was still controlled by the song army, Jin people's road from Shaanxi to Sichuan was cut off, so they tried to break through the Weishui Valley, where the song army's defense was weak, then crossed the Weihe River, crossed the Qinling Mountains, entered Sichuan and Sichuan, and then fought back to Suzhou and Hangzhou, swept the heart of the Song Dynasty. Sancha was the perfect breakthrough from the Weishui Valley, crossed the Qinling Mountains and entered Sichuan one of. but the perfect plan of Jinren didn't seem to go smoothly. During the decades of confrontation between Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, the famous anti Jin generals Wu Yao and Wu Jie brothers occupied the southern boundary of Weishui River and set up camp in Sancha to continue to fight against the invasion of Jin people's iron cavalry. The Wu brothers run the army well and trained well. The song army stationed in Sancha has high morale and strong fighting capacity. The Jin army stationed in miaoping fort, bamiyuan fort, Maojiazhuang fort and Sunjia castle on the North Bank of the Weihe River tried several times to conquer the Sancha song army, but they all failed. It is precisely because the Wu brothers built a strong castle here to resist the Jin people's going south, so Sancha has a resounding and historical name, namely "Wuzhai". Wu is the surname of Wu Li and Wu Jie; Zhai, especially the garrison, is a common word in Song Dynasty. In those days, Wu's army used to drill troops and horses on the East and West beaches of Weishui River under Wuzhai City, so the local people always called these beaches East and west school yards. In 1168 ad, Wu Yu died of illness in Hanzhong. For the convenience of sacrifice, the guards of Wuzhai built a tomb of clothes and crowns at the mouth of Songshugou on the south slope of Qinling Mountains and erected a monument of "Tomb of general Wu". Since Song generals Wu Li and Wu Li built a garrison here to resist the Jin people, most of the garrison generals of Wuzhai lived there for generations. So far, many families of Qin, Yan and Wu in Wuzhai city have been able to tell the story of their ancestors. Among them, the Yan Family in Wuzhai still keeps the genealogy left by their ancestors. According to Yan's genealogy, Yan Jin, the ancestor of the Yan Family in Wuzhai, whose ancestral home is Nanchang, was a Taiwei of unknown position in the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, the Jin soldiers often went south to invade. Yan Jin resigned as a military staff officer and went to Wuzhai and other places in the Weishui River Valley at the junction of Gansu and Shaanxi to resist the Jin soldiers. In the tough tug of war with Jin Jun

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