Nianbadu Town, Jiangshan City, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province

Twenty eight capital town

Located 60 kilometers southwest of Jiangshan City and in the Xianxia mountain range at the junction of Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces, Nianbadu town is known as "the key to the southwest of Zhejiang Province" with convenient transportation. National Highway 205 passes through the town.

It is adjacent to panting Township and Guanlu Township in Pucheng County, Fujian Province in the south, SONGFENG Township and Tongfan Township in Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province in the west, Baoan Township in our city in the north and Shuangxikou Township in the East. The total area of the town is 186.94 square kilometers (2017), with 9 administrative villages and a total population of 9732 people (2017). It was founded in 1931, and was announced as a famous historical and cultural town in Zhejiang Province in 1997 and China in 2007.

survey

Nianbadu town is located in the southernmost part of Jiangshan City, adjacent to Pucheng County of Fujian Province in the South and Guangfeng County of Jiangxi Province in the West. It covers an area of 186.94 square kilometers (2017). The total population was 9732 (2017). It has jurisdiction over 9 administrative villages. The town government is located in Xunli village. The surrounding mountains of Jingzhen are steep and the terrain is dangerous. 205 national highway, G3 Beijing Taiwan expressway transit. Fengling pass is one of the five famous passes in ancient Zhejiang. There are 36 dwellings and 11 temples in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which are well preserved. In 1991, it was named as a provincial historical and cultural town.

evolution

In 1950, it set up 28 Du Town and Zhou Cun township; in 1958, it changed to 28 Du commune and Zhou Cun commune; in 1983, it changed to 28 Du Township and Zhou Cun township; in 1987, it changed from township to town. In 2000, Nianbadu town covers an area of 66.9 square kilometers with a population of 10876. It has 13 administrative villages, Xunli, Huaqiao, Fengxi, Wufu, xibian, Shanfeng, xingdun, Lingtou, Chongshan, Zhangjiashan, Linfeng, Fuqiang and Qiangqiang, 51 kilometers away from the urban area. Zhoucun township is a pure mountain Township, adjacent to Dingcun Township and Shuangxikou Township in the East, Baoan Township and Nianbadu Township in the west, and Pucheng County Magistrate in Fujian Province in the south Lu Township covers an area of 119.6 square kilometers, with a total of 1352 households and 4450 people, including 4417 agricultural population. It has jurisdiction over 10 administrative villages, 72 natural villages and 41 villager groups, including Zhoucun, Huangyi, yankengkou, Baishuiyang, Dazhu, yangmeiping, Heping, xuluo, zhaojunling and Gaofeng. It is 42 km / 71 km away from the municipal straight line.

In 2004, Zhoucun township was abolished and merged into 28du town. After the adjustment, 28du town has 17 administrative villages under its jurisdiction, and the town government remains unchanged (Xunli Village). At the end of 2005, it covers an area of 186.5 square kilometers and has a population of 12900. It has jurisdiction over 16 administrative villages including Xunli, Huaqiao, Zhangjiashan, Fengxi, Wufu, Shanfeng, xingdun, Lingtou, zhaojunling, Linfeng, Chongshan, Fuqiang, Qiangqiang, Heping, xuluo and Gaofeng. The town government is stationed at No. 2, yangcilong, Xunli village.

administrative division

Jiangshan 25du town has 16 village committees, including Xunli, Huaqiao, Fengxi, Wufu, xingdun, Lingtou, Qiangqiang, Shanfeng, Chongshan, Zhangjiashan, Linfeng, Fuqiang, Heping, xuluo, zhaojunling and Gaofeng.

Deep in the steep Xianxia mountains, between Xianxia pass and Fengling pass, there is an open valley. The Fengxi river flows by. There is an ancient town called twenty eight capitals by the stream. Up to now, there are still a large number of architectural complexes of Qing Dynasty with different styles (and a small number of Ming Dynasty buildings),

Old cobblestone streets, wooden paimen shops, magnificent pavilions and temples, as well as colorful murals It's basically what it was more than 100 years ago. Walking into a courtyard and standing in the patio or hall, you can see carved beams and painted buildings, beautiful corbel and lotus everywhere. There is a family's window pane, and there are dozens of relief patterns. All this makes people feel mysterious and curious.

physical geography

The 28 capitals are located in Jiangshan City, Zhejiang Province. At the junction of Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces, it is a mountainous ancient town with "Jiming three provinces". Compared with Zhouzhuang, Tongli, Wuzhen and other famous ancient towns, it is still hidden in the mountains and unknown to people. It has a very different style from those ancient towns in Jiangnan, even with a bit of mystery. More than 1100 years ago, Huang Chao went south and opened up an ancient Xianxia Road in the high mountains between Zhejiang and Fujian. From then on, the 28 roads surrounded by passes and mountains have become a place for garrison troops to camp and a place for military strategists to fight.

In the Qing Dynasty, the thousand year old road, which was mainly used for military purposes, gradually became an important business and tourism route. The ships going up the Qiantang River loaded cloth and daily necessities from Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the Qinghu Wharf in Jiangshan, and then turned to land, carrying the shoulder pole of the porter to Fujian and Jiangxi. Local products from Fujian and Jiangxi also had to be shipped to Qinghu and transported to Jinqu, Shanghai and Hangzhou.

As the first transit station for goods in the past and a necessary transportation hub, 28du has rapidly become the most prosperous commercial port in the three provinces. In its heyday, shops, restaurants and inns of commercial banks were all over the cobblestone street. They were busy for hundreds of years.

This was unexpected when Huangchao opened the mountain and opened the way. Immigrants from all over the world come in droves, bringing different dialects, customs, architecture and craft culture. After years of collision, exchange and integration, a "small immigrant society" with unique charm has gradually formed.

There are more than 140 surnames among more than 3600 people in the town, and there are more than ten popular dialects. It is worthy of the name to call it "common people town" and "dialect kingdom". The features of Hui style, Zhejiang style, Gan style, min style and even western style architecture can be found in these various old houses.

Standing in the middle of the old street, tall and thick external walls and rows of horse head walls can be seen everywhere, and the sky often shows only a narrow gap. Some people especially build a high wall inside the gate, and even turn the corner after entering the main gate. It's not hard to imagine their mentality in those days. Every family tried to keep the external world away from the blue brick wall. On the one hand, it was in line with the Chinese people's mentality of keeping money and money secret. On the other hand, it was also related to frequent wars.

However, this feature is completely different from the ancient dwellings in Nanxi River, Wenzhou. Nanxi River is mainly a seclusion for those who are frustrated in their official career. They retreat between the mountains and rivers to seek some spiritual sustenance. The dwellings there are often low walls and open courtyards. Standing inside, you can see the green mountains, blue sky and white clouds outside the walls. They are intoxicated with the landscape and enjoy themselves, which is in sharp contrast to the self enclosed mentality of the businessmen in the twenty-eight capitals.

In fact, not to mention the heavy gate and high wall, even Dashan has never blocked the flames of wars in the past dynasties, and 28th has never been a paradise in the world. Since the end of the Tang Dynasty, it has witnessed countless battles of swords, swords and blood. Every time a new dynasty changes, every time there is a big social unrest, it almost always leaves traces on this ancient Xianxia Road that has passed through thousands of years. During the song and Yuan Dynasties and the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were thrilling historical dramas. Xianxia's natural danger did not stop the nomads from going south. Those who had witnessed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom are no longer there, but there are still many old people who have witnessed the "Red Army" twice in 1932.

Immigrant town

Small immigrant society

So far, it is the only immigrant town with more than 100 surnames in China

Located at the junction of the three provinces, all 28 cities have become the distribution center of local products in Northern Fujian, Guangfeng, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Jinhua, Quzhou, etc., and the distribution center of goods and department stores in the north and south, which is entirely due to their special geographical location. It's about a day's walk from the famous Qinghu Wharf in the past. Before the development of modern transportation, it was mainly transported by water. The famous river and mountain boats going up the Qiantang River (Guo Moruo also mentioned in his memoirs that he saw the famous river and mountain boats at zhalanongkou in Hangzhou) were well-known. When the boats came to the shore of Qinghu lake and reached the east of Fujian and Jiangxi, they had to take Xianxia ancient road as the only land passage, Twenty eight is the only way.

Similarly, goods from Northern Fujian, Guangfeng and other places have to be shipped to Qinghu and transferred to Hangzhou, Shanghai and other places. No matter from Pucheng, Guangfeng or Qinghu to 28 Du, it's about a day's journey. It takes a night's rest and starts the next morning. Therefore, 28 Du has become an important market town for the border trade among the three provinces, a distribution center for local products and goods from the north and South of the country. Merchants gather together and all kinds of businesses flourish. At its peak, there are at least 50 restaurants (also hotels) and 60 wholesalers , hundreds of all kinds of transit warehouses.

scenic spot

The corridor bridge on Fengxi river -- Shui'an Bridge

Foreign merchants, miscreants, exiled defeated soldiers and retired officers and soldiers all settled here and multiplied. It is said that this is the only ancient town of immigrants with more than 100 surnames found so far in China. During the reign of Tongzhi and Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 80 Hakka surnames in the 28 capitals. There were four famous families, namely Jin, Yang, Jiang and Cao. At present, there are many place names, such as Jiang Jia Shang Nong, Jiang Jia Zhong Nong, Jiang Jia Xia Nong, Yang Jia Nong, Yang CI Nong, Jin Jia Nong, etc., most of which are named after these surnames. Families with big family names all have genealogies, and they know where their ancestors come from. Yang Ruiqiu's grandson claims to be the descendant of Yang Jiye in Shanxi Province, and his words are shining with a trace of glory. His family moved from Fujian to 28du, and he was the ninth generation.

Jiang's family was a rich man. In addition to setting up a bank, they also engaged in business, from oilseeds to cloth shops, especially the "three seeds" (Sapium sebiferum seed, Tung seed and tea seed) that dominated Northern Fujian. Later, he managed kerosene and dealt with the British Asiatic kerosene company, so the Jiang family had two houses, which had a little Western flavor. When Jiang Jiasheng was prosperous, his business was as far away as Qinghu, Lanxi, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Ningbo, Pucheng, Fuzhou and so on. There were dozens of shops on 28 Du street alone.

The Yang family is mainly industrial and famous for papermaking. They own bamboo mountains and grasslands, and later transferred to the north and south

Chinese PinYin : Zhe Jiang Sheng Qu Zhou Shi Jiang Shan Shi Nian Ba Dou Zhen