square bamboo

square bamboo

Chimonobambusa quadrata (scientific name: < I > Chimonobambusa quadrata < / I > (fenzi) Makino) belongs to Gramineae and Dendrocalamus with arbor shape. The culm is erect, up to 8 meters high, the internodes are blunt and round, the nodes below the middle part of the culm are short and downward curved, and the aerial roots are spiny; the sheath is papery or thick papery, falling early, shorter than its internodes, with cilia at the sheath margin, clear longitudinal ribs, purple small transverse veins, showing a very obvious grid shape; the sheath is very small, conical, leathery, smooth and glabrous, the trichomes at the sheath mouth are erect, smooth, and the ligule is low, The leaves are thin papery, oblong lanceolate, glabrous on the upper surface, pubescent on the lower surface, few bracts; the pseudospikelets are slender, lateral pseudospikelets contain florets, and the rachis of spikelets is smooth and glabrous; the glumes are lanceolate, the lemma is papery, green, the palea and lemma are nearly equal; the scales are ovate; the stigmas are feathery.

It is distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan and Guangxi provinces of China. It is also distributed in Japan. It is cultivated in some European and American countries..

The square bamboo is for the garden. A rod can be used as a walking stick. Because of its crispy texture, bamboo shoots are not suitable for weaving.

(general picture, reference source: Chinese herbarium)

morphological character

The plant body is lignified, and the SiO2 content in the plant body can be as high as 70%, often in the shape of tree or shrub. Stem erect, 3-8m high, 1-4cm thick, internodes 8-22cm long, obtuse round quadrangular, densely covered with downward small yellowish brown spines when young, hairs backward, still leaving wart base, so it is very rough (especially the internodes at the base of the stem), the nodes below the middle of the stem are short and downward curved spiny aerial roots; the nodes of the stem branch in the ring of the stem are very uplifted, the nodes without branches are relatively flat; the sheath ring is at the beginning There is a golden brown ring of villi and small spines, and then gradually become glabrous. The sheath is papery or thick papery, falling early, shorter than its internodes, glabrous on the back or sometimes attached with very sparse small spines on the middle and upper parts, ciliated at the sheath margin, with clear longitudinal ribs and purple small transverse veins, showing an obvious checkerboard shape; the ear and tongue of the sheath are not well developed; the segment of the sheath is very small, conical, 3-5mm long, and there is no joint at the junction of the base and sheath. terminal branchlets with 2-5 leaves; leaf sheaths leathery, smooth glabrous, longitudinally ribbed, nearly ridged above the back, ciliated at the outer margin; trichomes erect, smooth, easy to fall; ligule low, truncate, margin ciliated, abaxially spiny; leaf blade thin papery, oblong lanceolate, 8-29 cm long, 1-2.7 cm wide, apex acute, base contracted to 1.8 mm long The upper surface of petiole and leaf blade is glabrous, and the lower surface is pilose at first, then glabrous, with 4-7 pairs of secondary veins and 5-7 secondary veins. the flower branches are arranged in racemose or conical shape, the last flower branches are slender and glabrous, and there are several gradually enlarged bracts at the base, with 2-4 sparsely arranged pseudospikelets, sometimes with a pseudospikelet at the base node of the flower branch, and there are few bracts at this time; the pseudospikelets are slender, 2-3cm long, and the lateral pseudospikelets only have first leaves but no bracts; the spikelets contain 2-5 florets, and sometimes the lowest one or two flowers are sterile, With only minute palea and other parts of florets; rachis internodes 4-6 mm long, smooth and glabrous; glumes 1-3, lanceolate, 4-5 mm long; lemma papery, green, lanceolate or ovate lanceolate, with 5-7 veins; palea nearly as long as lemma; periscales ovate; anthers 3.5-4 mm long; stigmas 2, feathery.

Growth environment

It likes to be warm, cool and humid, with sufficient water and good sandy soil.

Distribution range

It is distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan and Guangxi provinces of China. It is also distributed in Japan. It is cultivated in some European and American countries. Type specimens from Wenzhou, Zhejiang.

Methods of reproduction

The seed sowing of Phyllostachys squarrosa is of great significance for its high yield. When sowing seeds, there are several points to pay attention to: the first is the depth of seed sowing. Because the bamboo growing environment is humid and the soil is easy to condense, the seeds should not be too deep when sowing. Generally, after the bed surface is leveled, the seeds are directly sown on the bed surface. The second is seed covering. Considering the air permeability and implantation of seeds, the seeds should be covered with a layer of soil after sowing, and the soil cover should not be too thick, so as to avoid soil adhesion and seeds can not germinate normally. Finally, pay attention to the seed spacing. Because we should fully consider the germination and growth of seeds, but also consider the cost of land, so the seed spacing should be kept at about 1cm. After the seeds are sown, it is best to cover a thin layer of cereal grass or leaves on the surface of the seedbed in consideration of the sun and rain.

cultivation techniques

irrigation

Therefore, watering is an important measure in the growth management of Phyllostachys squarrosa. After transplanting, the rhizome and fibrous root of Phyllostachys squarrosa grow, which can absorb the water in the soil, but the water demand of Phyllostachys squarrosa will gradually increase with the growth, so it needs to be watered regularly. Due to the limitation of bamboo growing environment, the way of watering is usually sprinkler irrigation. First of all, because the sprinkler irrigation is more uniform, it can make the square bamboo in the range can receive water; second, sprinkler irrigation is more water-saving and efficient. In addition, attention should be paid to irrigation, in the bamboo shoot period, we must ensure the absolute soil moisture.

apply fertilizer

Fertilization is an important part of high yield of Phyllostachys edulis. The lack of fertilizer will lead to poor growth of square bamboo, not only affect its posture and material, but also affect the shooting. Because Bambusa squarrosa is generally planted in the mountains and forests, there are some difficulties in artificial fertilization. In order to ensure the fertilizer demand of bamboos, the fertilization method is still dissolved in water. In general, the nutrients required for square bamboo are mixed in water according to the proportion, and then the fertilizer is applied to the growing environment of square bamboo by irrigation. Square bamboo absorbs nutrients with roots and rhizomes to complete its growth.

Shoot out

The shooting stage of square bamboo shoots is generally from the middle and late September to the middle and late October. In this period, it is necessary to avoid direct sunlight on the shooting ground, and take corresponding shielding measures to block the ground to make it shoot normally. In addition, during this period, we should keep the soil moisture sufficient.

Pest control

Agriculture

To achieve high yield of bamboo, it is necessary to control diseases and pests. First of all, we should carry out agricultural control. Agricultural control refers to the use of traditional experience or the latest technology for pest control, its biggest feature is to prevent. Generally, this method is used to control diseases and pests, and its core content is to cultivate insect free seedlings. In the seedling cultivation stage, many seedlings will have diseases and insect pests, and agricultural control is to reduce or remove the pest disaster opportunities of seedlings by increasing the insect resistance genes of seedlings. This method requires certain technology and agricultural production environment. Square bamboo can be used in the seedling cultivation stage, but it is not suitable for transplanted square bamboo.

Physics

Physical control refers to the prevention and control of diseases and pests by some physical means, and its biggest feature is prevention. The general way is to hang the insect proof net in the environment where square bamboo grows, and then spray the insect proof liquid on the insect proof net. This kind of insect proof way is mainly to avoid the insect infection from the surrounding environment. This kind of disaster mode is better used in the growth stage of Phyllostachys edulis seedlings, but the engineering quantity is large, and the effect is not particularly significant.

medicine

Drug control of plant diseases and insect pests is the most mainstream pest control measures in the production process of square bamboo, which is generally divided into two kinds, one is green medicine, the other is chemical medicine. Generally, in the case of no serious diseases and insect pests, in order to ensure the quality of bamboo, green drugs will be selected for treatment. This method has slow effect, but less residue and less damage to the environment, so it is widely used. The use of chemical drugs is generally in the case of serious diseases and insect pests. This method has a quick effect, but there are more pesticide residues, which has a greater impact on the quality of bamboo, so it will not be used easily when it is not a last resort.

Main value

Watch: the

It can be used in gardens. A rod can be used as a walking stick. Because of its brittle texture, it is not suitable to weave with split strips.

Food:

Bamboo shoots are rich and delicious, but most of the ancient books in China say that they are not suitable for eating.

Plant culture

Author: Zhang Yong Dynasty: in the Song Dynasty, the bamboo shoots have been strong since the beginning of the bamboo shoots. In order to repay the evil and sycophant in the world, how can he not be like a wise man. The branches are straight and green, and the leaves are red. However, he was afraid of the evil circle and sycophant of the Dharma, and his roots were far away from the clouds of Chu.

Chinese PinYin : Fang Zhu