Guizhuang

Guizhuang

Guizhuang (August 29, 1613 - October 1, 1673) was a calligrapher, painter and writer in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Zuoming was born in Kunshan (now in Jiangsu Province). He was named Erli, Xuangong, hengxuan, Guizang, huihuihu, Xuangong, Yuangong, Jushan and Yiqun. GUI Youguang, the great grandson of prose writer in Ming Dynasty, and GUI Changshi, a calligrapher, painter and seal cutter, were friendly with Gu Yanwu at the end of Ming Dynasty. In the second year of Shunzhi, he fought against the Qing Dynasty in Kunshan. He was good at cursive script and bamboo painting. His articles were full of vitality, and his poems were full of strangeness. There are Xuangong, hengxuan, guixuangong's notes and guixuangong's posthumous works.

brief account of the author's life

Guizhuang, after entering the Qing Dynasty, was renamed Zuoming, or Guizang, guihulai, Guimei, or Xuangong, or Yuangong, Yuangong, Xuangong, or Erli, Tiehu, hengxuan, or JiZhai. He was a monk, who signed himself as the head Buddha of Puming, Yuanzhao or Jushan people, and also called himself Yiqun childe and Zhuhua Junke. Guizhuang said jokingly about his name: "Guizi's name is Zhuang, and his character is Yuangong, and his other name is zhuijishan. His name has been changed many times in his life. In ten years, his name is from his old, his character is from his new, and his name is from his strange cloud."

Guizhuang was born in a scholarly family. His grandfather was Cheng of Dali temple in Nanjing during the period of Longqing, and later generations praised his prose as GUI Youguang who was "the first in plaintext". His father, GUI Changshi, was one of the three talents in Kunshan. He was good at calligraphy in Jin and Tang Dynasties. He was good at cursive script, seal script and painting orchids and bamboos. Guizhuang was influenced by poetry and books when he was a child. When he was a student, he read a lot and wrote thousands of words. He was good at poetry and prose, painting bamboo and stone. He was especially good at calligraphy. Guizhuang and Gu Jiang (Gu Yanwu) in Tongli were not in harmony with the common people in their study and practice. They sometimes had the purpose of "returning to the strange and looking after the strange". At the age of 17, he joined the Fu society with Gu Jiang, and later joined the Jing Yin poetry society. In 1640, Chongzhen was called on the special list. In view of the fact that the state affairs were not going to Japan, he could not leave.

His elder brother, GUI Erde, is well-known and well-known. He is well-known and has a political voice. In April of the first year of Hongguang's reign (1645), Yangzhou was occupied by the Qing army, and he died in Ximen. Shu jideng was also killed in Changxing. When Guizhuang heard of the loss, he went through fire and water to collect the remains of the two. In the same year (1645), the Qing army attacked Jiangnan again. The magistrate of Kunshan left. Yan maocai, the county magistrate, took the place of the magistrate. He gave orders and the people were in great uproar. Guizhuang encouraged the masses to kill Yan maocai, closed the city and refused to defend it. In July of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the city broke down. More than 40000 people died. His sister-in-law Lu and Zhang died, and his father died one after another. Guizhuang was named and hunted. He died in another country. Later, he went back to his hometown and cut his hair to become a monk. He was called the head Buddha of the Ming Dynasty. Later, Gu Jiang changed his name to "Yanwu" and Guizhuang changed it to "Zuoming" to show his ambition.

In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), he went to Huaiyin as a teacher and secretly contacted Gu Yanwu to fight against the Qing Dynasty. In the 10th year of Shunzhi (1653), he returned to Zhuangzi and buried seven people in Xindi. In addition, his elder brother, Erde, died in Yangzhou in the battle with shikefa. He built a thatched cottage on the side of the tomb and wrote a couplet on the hall: "if two people live in a comfortable nest, their wife is too clever and their husband is too strange; if they are adjacent to the house of the nether world, there are so few people and so many ghosts." His family's thatched cottage and firewood door are dilapidated and can't be covered up. His chair is short of legs, and his face is not covered with ropes. However, he wrote his own couplet of Guizhuang's living room, which says: when you enter his room, it's empty. When you ask him, he says blatantly. Guizhuang's only consolation in troubled times is to have a close wife with deep feelings. He once signed the inner room as "Tuizi building". People didn't understand the meaning of it. When they asked, they said, "it's the same for gifted scholars and beautiful ladies to embrace each other (according to the word" Tuizi ", it's the word" gifted scholars and beautiful ladies "). Guizhuang even named his residence "JiZhai" to show his resistance. "JiZhai" means "jizhizhai", which means "where I live". Guizhuang refers to the fact that he named his residence in this way, which is the same as he Yan's (190-249) painting in the Wei palace, and named it "he's house" to distinguish it from the outside world.

After wannianshao's death, he returned to Kunshan and lived in seclusion. He refused to be an official in the Qing Dynasty and served in the wild for life. Later, his mother died, and then his eldest son went out to make a living. "In autumn, he asked fiercely, but he didn't know about the sun." so he became more and more crazy. Every day, he "drank wildly, sang long and short songs, and wrote profusely." he went to and fro the lakes and mountains, and talked about loyalty, and Zhuang was his home. In his later years, he was a hermit in a monk's house. At this time, Gu Yanwu, a good friend, traveled far away to the north and went to the king's office. When he returned to the village, he was deeply saddened when he thought about his old friend. He wrote a letter and said, "in the past, Liu Zihou fled to the south. Is it true that his ancestors were not like the ghosts of Ma Yiqi, and did not enjoy the sacrifice of the year? Did you only think about the tomb of Qiu?" However, they did not see each other again. In his later years, Guizhuang devoted himself to engraving the complete works of guiyouguang by his great grandfather. He died in the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), at the age of 61. Guizhuang wrote a poem on the new year's day of the year when he passed away. The poem said: it's always popular at five o'clock on the new year's day, but Weng Zi is not able to survive. If you don't have a name, you don't need to call relatives and friends. The firecracker on the top of the mountain is a family affair, and the wind and cloud in the sky is a year-old sign. When Jia Zi meets again, he sighs, "what is the basis of his ambition in life?" Using "Jiazi" to record the year, instead of the Qing Dynasty's chronological name, also gave up Guizhuang's wish as a adherent of the Ming Dynasty.

Gu Yanwu learned of Guizhuang's death in Zhangqiu, Shandong Province. He set up an altar in sangjiazhuang to offer sacrifices and wrote four mourning poems. Later generations in the interpretation of "Guiqi guguai" said: "Mr. (referring to Gu Yanwu) after the North tour, no longer strange, although the village in the home and the late Festival Yiqi."

Literary achievements

Guizhuang's poems are mainly against the rule of Qing Dynasty and full of national integrity. The poems are simple, clear and straightforward, such as twelve ancient poems, fourteen Buju poems, four Jichou Yuanri poems, three guantian harvest poems, etc.; the poems are neat and graceful, such as twelve chapters of falling flower poems and four more falling flower poems. Wu Weiye commented on his "twelve chapters of poems on falling flowers" and said: "it's beautiful, deep and elegant. It's the purpose of sustenance, and it's the purpose of preparing things." Song Wan commented: "to leisurely Qi's talent, for graceful and beautiful words, Xinghui to, still with heroism." (all see the appendix of Guizhuang Collection) the prose is also vigorous and unrestrained, with strong feelings, such as the preface to seeing off Gu Ningren to the north, the complete collection of Shuxian Taifu, the suouyang Duke's longgangqian table, Jingting Shanfang Ji, the biography of GUI's two martyrs, the biography of two Gu Jun Dahong and Zhongxiong, the biography of Yang Zhonglie, and the story of Shuyi pilferage. Guizhuang also has a piece of "Eternal Sorrow song", which comments on the historical events of the past dynasties, laments the demise of the Ming Dynasty, rebukes the officials of the Ming Dynasty for their wrong country, expresses their ambition to live in seclusion and not be an official, and is also very famous for their ability to laugh and scold.

The 12 volumes of hengxuan poetry anthology, 30 volumes of Xuangong anthology and 12 volumes of hengxuan anthology are all lost. Later generations compiled Xuan Gong Wen Chao, GUI Xuan Gong Wen Xu Chao, GUI Xuan Gong's posthumous works, etc. In 1962, Shanghai Institute of Zhonghua Book Company (now Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House) collected all kinds of lost editions and some of GUI's handwritten manuscripts, and compiled Guizhuang collection for printing.

Appreciation of works

Poetry

《

The harvest of the field watchers

》

In autumn, the fields crisscross thousands of mu.

Five years of grain transportation, Nuzhen country, heaven is complete, I will have no land alone.

Reading in Chen Xiucai's pool in summer

In five years, the clan gave birth to thorns, and the people of all nations sat on the coal.

I'd like to carry a sword across the Central Plains and rebuild the emperor like the later Han Dynasty.

Reading

They are good at writing. Ghosts and gods want to cry,

Boasting that he has read through wuche book

Once he lost his body and reputation, but he didn't seem to know a little.

《

Broken hair

》

two

first

firstly

Family and friends indulge in love and force me to follow the custom of Hu. Once I hold the scissors, cut my head half bald.

Hair is born of parents, and damage is a great disgrace. If I abandon China and follow foreigners, I will not be redeemed.

Human feelings are important to avoid trouble, but they don't try hard to make mistakes. What do you want? I'm not afraid of killing.

The situation is complex and changeable, and misfortunes and blessings depend on each other. My life is in the sky, do not have to suffer from tea poison!

I can't catch up with you. I'm full of tears!

second

Chinese become barbarians, and it is better to die than to live. Hate body more tired, want to die more stop.

Two white heads, three men and only son. If I don't look back, how can I rely on my old age?

Endure and live secretly, wait for the real person to rise. Yao Rongguo is so famous that his hair can't be heard.

Vow to honor a hundred generations, wash the shame for life.

Huqiu mountain

Reading in Su Lou, I remember in Sui Ren Wu. Over the past 28 years, the mountains and rivers have changed hands.

Misfortune can not be said, pain will be more miserable. This body can not die, no place to settle down!

People admire me for traveling, but they don't know my heart is bitter. Now I come to Huqiu to express my sadness.

Clothing and structure, the scene is not easy. Hearing music increases sorrow, believing is not empty language.

When I met the old monk, I was surprised. With sad can not speak, into the boat tears like rain.

The rhyme before returning to the boat

Half life trace in the lake and mountain, in January to find Fang comfort old face. I'm happy with my shoes and sails, but I'm not thrifty when I buy flowers and wine.

We can see egrets in the smoke of Hanzhou, and maple on the ancient bank climb under the frost. Most of all, people are greedy for profits, and the moon is bending in the song.

《

Poetry of falling flowers

》

Preface before the poem: I was not born, so it was worth a lot. The guest is not in Jingtu, and he often thinks that he is in Huashi, but in Jiangnan, he still has the feeling of big trees floating. As a result, Fengmu is in agony, Huayue is in deep sorrow, and there is no Chilan left behind. A piece of first flight, sometimes tears; thousands of forest such as sweep, infinite sorrow

Jiangnanchun old sigh red rare, tree bottom residual Ying fly high. What's the urgency of yancuying's title! How can you go home with more weeds and less weeds?

It's cold in the morning dew, and it's green and fat in the pond. Quiet cover Pengmen alone melancholy, from his grass from Feifei.

Prose

Zhuan Yan Zhai Ji (Volume 6 of Gui Zhuang Ji)

Wushen spring, Yu to Jiading. Yan shungong, a native of Dongting mountain, lives here. I gave up my spare time in my studio and asked, "my sixth ancestor Zhangde."

Chinese PinYin : Gui Zhuang