Liao Ping
Liao Ping
Liao Ping (1852-1932) was born in yanjingwan, Qingyang Township, Jingyan County, Sichuan Province. At the beginning, it was named dengting, with the name Xuling and the name Siyi; at the end, it was renamed Jiping and the name Siyi; at the end, it was renamed Liuyi. The change of these names reflects the changing process of his thought and Confucian classics. He studied and governed Confucian classics all his life, made academic contributions beyond the predecessors, and played a theoretical system of Confucian classics with the characteristics of the times, integrating all kinds of ancient and modern Chinese and western theories. He was the most famous master of Confucian classics in modern China, and occupied an extremely important position in modern Chinese academic circles.
experience
Liao Ping was born in a poor family. His father once herded cattle and sheep for the landlord, lived as a domestic helper, and then made a living by selling tea. Liao Ping has been working since he was a child. Once I made tea for the tea guest, the water polluted the guest's clothes and was scolded, so I felt ashamed and wanted to be independent. He wanted to read and read, but his family couldn't afford the tuition, so he caught fish from the river and gave it to Mr. private school as a whole, and told him of his desire to study. He thought that children could be taught, so he was able to study as a teacher. Liao Ping knew that reading opportunities were hard won, so he cherished them. He studied hard day and night. He once stood in the temple reading under the lamp. As an adult, he is still diligent in learning. After painstaking research, academic progress, and finally self-reliance.
In 1873, Zhang Zhidong released Sichuan Xuezheng. The next year, Zhang Zhidong held the college examination, and he appreciated Liao Ping very much. He was admitted as the first student to fill the county. In the second year of Guangxu (1876), Liao Ping took the examination again and wrote the title "Kuang" Yu. Liao Ping explained the article "Kuang Yu" in the Analects of Confucius with the meaning of "using dog" and transferred Chengdu Zunjing academy to further study with excellent food Linyu. In his early years, Liao Ping accepted the Song school in his hometown, and was awarded by Zhang Zhidong, especially after entering Zunjing academy, he studied under Zhang Zhidong. Influenced by Zhang Zhidong's study of Qian Jia Sinology, Liao Ping felt that the study of Song Dynasty was not as comprehensive as the study of text exegesis. So he began to like song studies and turned to reading textual research. However, the basic academic direction of Liao Ping's life did not follow the direction that Zhang Zhidong hoped.
After Zhang Zhidong left Sichuan, Wang Kaiyun, who was in charge of the study of Gongyang, gave lectures on Zunjing Academy. Gongyang studies and governs the classics, does not pay attention to the text exegesis, the name and object textual research, advocates through the text table, to explore the implied meaning, has great flexibility. Liao Ping often applied to Wang Kai for a job, but he was gradually influenced. He also felt that text exegesis was just a branch and dross of Confucian classics, and he turned from reading and textual research to focusing on righteousness. Since then, Liao Ping's academic life has basically developed in this direction. In the fifth year of Guangxu, Liao pingzhong ranked 24th in the rural examination. In the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he began to annotate the spring and Autumn Annals of Guliang, and in the next year, he wrote two volumes of Guliang Ji Jie Jiu Ju and ten commentaries on Gongyang he's interpretation. According to the theory that ancient prose was created by Duke Zhou and modern prose by Confucius, the similarities and differences between the two are discussed. Liao Ping believed that the school of classical and modern literature respected Confucius and advocated the "king system"; the school of classical and ancient literature respected the Duke of Zhou and advocated the "rites of Zhou" and "ruled China together". The difference between the two families lies in the system of etiquette, so he wrote two volumes of modern and ancient studies, which is more strict than the distinction between modern and ancient. Most of his studies were not discussed by the predecessors, which was the first change of Liao Ping's Confucian classics.
works
The second transformation of Liao Ping's Confucian classics is to construct his Confucian classics theory as a modern Confucian classics scholar. His Confucian classics theory is nothing else but the traditional Confucian classics theory. However, in modern society, if we want to respect Confucius and Confucian classics, we have to say something new. Therefore, after the second change in the study of Confucian classics, Liao Ping proposed the third change in the study of Confucian classics of Datong and Xiaotong, the fourth change in the study of Confucian classics of human learning from Tianxue, the fifth change in the study of Confucian classics of the size of Tianren, and the sixth change in the study of Confucian classics of Shi and Yi with five movements and six Qi. The so-called "Xiaotong Datong" means that Confucius has two kinds of system reform: one is the Chinese law of Wanshi, which is applicable to xiaojiuzhou of fangsanli, with Chunqiu as the classic and Wangzhi as the biography; the other is the global law of Wanshi, which is applicable to dajiuzhou of fangsanli, with Shangshu as the classic and Zhouli as the biography. The so-called "human learning from heaven" means that Confucius not only talked about the rules of the human world, but also about the human affairs within the six harmonies, as shown in the spring and Autumn Annals and the rites of Zhou Dynasty; he also talked about the rules of the world beyond the six harmonies, as shown in the poems, gifts, and poems, which talked about spiritual travel, soul travel outside the six harmonies, and the book of changes, which talked about physical travel, and body travel outside the six harmonies. The size of heaven and man is just a combination of the theory of Xiaotong and Datong and the theory of man learning from heaven. The so-called "five movements and six Qi" is originally a theory in Huangdi Neijing, which is a medical classic. Liao Ping takes it as the master's theory of Confucius' poetry and Book of changes.
Basic point of view
The second change of Liao Ping's Confucian classics has two basic viewpoints: one is to respect the present, that is, to respect the present, and the other is to suppress the ancient, that is, to belittle the ancient. The representative work of Zunjin is Zhi Sheng Pian, which holds that the theory of suwang system reform in Gongyang is the essence of Confucian classics. However, Gongyang family in Han Dynasty only said that Confucius was the Han system, which is far from exhausting the meaning of Confucius system reform. He said that the system reform of Confucius was a custom-made system for all generations, and established laws for all generations of China. Only in this way can we understand the theory of suwang's system reform, can we understand "Zhisheng". The representative work of restraining the ancient is "Pi Liu Pian" (later renamed "Gu Xue Gai"), which puts forward that the study of ancient Chinese classics originated from Liu Xin's falsification. Before Aiping in the Western Han Dynasty, there was no theory about the study of ancient Chinese classics today. The materials about the study of ancient Chinese classics before Zhongping in Shiji and Hanshu were all written by Liu Xin and his disciple Tian Chuan.
Liao Ping's theory is contrary to the theory of dividing the past and the present equally, and there are many conjectures, although it is far less valuable in academic value than the theory of dividing the present and the past equally. But this change had a great impact on social politics through the influence of Kang Youwei. Because after the examination in the 15th year of Guangxu, Liao Ping was called by Zhang Zhidong to go to Guangzhou. Kang Youwei and Huang Jiji visited Liao Ping at Guangya publishing house, and they had an evening meeting. Liao Ping showed them Zhisheng chapter and piliu chapter. After that, Liao Ping visited Kang Youwei's Anhui guild hall in Guangzhou and talked about it again. Based on Liao Ping's theory, Kang Youwei wrote a textual research on the reform of Confucius according to Zhisheng chapter, and a textual research on new learning and false classics according to Biliu chapter. These two books, which provided the ideological basis for the later reform, had great influence and caused great panic of the feudal rulers. Although Kang Youwei turn a cold shoulder simultaneous interpreting that these two books have something to do with Liao Ping, he has established a system of Confucian classics, which is different from traditional Confucian classics. Therefore, Liao Ping's study of Confucian classics not only made great contributions to the history of Confucian classics, but also had unique significance in the whole modern history of thought.
In 1898, Liao Ping, together with Song Yuren, Yang Daonan and Wu Zhiying, founded the Journal of Shu in Chengdu to publicize the idea of reform and reform. In 1911, he was the chief writer of railway monthly, advocating "breaking the contract and protecting the road". After the establishment of the Sichuan military government, he was employed as the president of the Privy Council. Later, he was appointed as the president of Sichuan National University and professor of Chengdu Normal University and West China University. Besides teaching, he still took the management of classics as his lifelong career. His life was full of frustrations. He was repeatedly accused, attacked and even dismissed. He has been attacked eight times. But he always works with perseverance and never stops writing. In his life, he wrote nearly 140 books, including classics, medical skills and Canyu. He wrote the series of classics of siyiguan, and later became the series of liuyiguan. In 1932, in order to contact and publish his works, he planned to go to Chengdu in person. Unexpectedly, when he came to Leshan, he suddenly fell seriously ill. His accompanying son Liao Chengli and others immediately carried him back to Jingyan. Before he arrived home, he died in hekanchang. He was 81 years old.
In the epitaph of Liao Jun, Professor of Long'an Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty, written for Liao Ping by Zhang Taiyan, a scholar of the University, he said: "learning from you is not pure virtue, but acting is pure Confucianism." "You can't offend sun Qing with the burning Sutra of Si Xin; you can't frame Gao Mi with the fear of being robbed. Liao Jun's words are full of praise, but he is not with the last class. " Zhang Taiyan's words are just right. Liao Ping was down-to-earth in his life. Collation, textual research and error discrimination were his strong points. In his later years, although there were many strange points in his academic views, in the specific era and social atmosphere of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, there was neither a hundred schools of thought nor a hundred flowers blooming. What's more, he experienced eight major attacks, some of which were not academic problems, but interpersonal, political and factional disputes It is the footnote of "scholars despise each other, since ancient times" in Cao Pi's dianlun Wenzi. The spirit of literati is often hard to bear the heavy pressure and support in the past. Not many people rise from adversity. And those who can get rid of the secular, concentrate on the academic, can prevent interference, anti-interference, and finally become a great cause are even less. Although Liao Ping is full of frustrations, he is always hard hearted, and he should be a good teacher and a model for scholars.
Master's life
Liao Ping was born in Jingyan county. His family was poor. His parents and brothers lived frugally for him to study, so he was very diligent. At night, he often stood in the main hall of the temple and read by the magic lamp. Without money to buy books, they often borrow and copy books, and even look for broken pages from waste paper. In 1874, he took part in the hospital examination and was recognized by Zhang Zhidong, a scholar in Sichuan Province. In the second year of Guangxu (1876), he was consecrated by the government and went to Chengdu Zunji Academy for further study, studying the classics of spring and Autumn Annals. In the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the biography of spring and autumn Gu Liang was annotated in the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu. In the next year, it became two volumes of Gu Liang Ji Jie Jiu Mu and ten commentaries on Gong Yang He's interpretation. Most of the theories are not developed by predecessors. In the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he entered the country and appointed a magistrate of a county in Hubei Province. He asked his mother to change her teaching position when she was old, and was appointed as a teacher of longan prefecture (now Pingwu County). Later, he served as a tutor in Shehong County, Professor of suiding prefecture (Zhijin Daxian county), director of Zunjing academy, Jiading Jiufeng academy, Zizhou Yifeng academy, Anyue Fengshan academy, and President of Sichuan Guoxue school. He was recognized as a famous master of Confucian classics in the late Qing Dynasty.
In 1911, Liao was the chief writer of railway monthly and supported the movement of protecting railway in Sichuan. Sichuan Army
Chinese PinYin : Liao Ping
Liao Ping
