Yan Yan, Renzong of Qing Dynasty

Aixinjueluo Yayan

Aixinjueluo Jiyan (November 13, 1760 - September 2, 1820), the seventh emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the fifth emperor after the capital was established in Beijing, and the 15th son of Emperor Qianlong, was born to Wei Jia, empress xiaoyichun. In the 25th year of his reign (1796-1820), he was named "Jiaqing".

He Yan was born on October 6, 1760. During the winter solstice in 1773, Emperor Qianlong secretly appointed him as the crown prince. In 1789, he was granted the title of Prince heshuojia. On the first day of the first month of the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty was located in Yayan, but he had no real power in the first four years of his reign, and only after the death of Emperor Qianlong was he in power alone. In the face of the dangerous political situation in the last years of Qianlong, Emperor Jiaqing put forward the banner of "Xianyu reform" to straighten out the internal affairs and discipline. He Zhen, a powerful minister, was killed, and his cronies were deposed and imprisoned. The imperial edict asked for outspoken words, opened up a wide range of ways, dispelled evils and supported the right, and praised the officials who had been convicted by words in the Qianlong Dynasty. The imperial edict gave up contribution and dethroned extravagance and thrift. Local officials are required to be "well aware of the hidden people's feelings" and report according to the facts, so as to avoid bullying, whitewashing and laziness. However, his limited rectification of the internal affairs failed to fundamentally reverse the decline of the Qing Dynasty's political situation. During the reign of Zhong Jiaqing, the problem of corruption was more serious than ever. During his reign, he was in the period of the rise of the world industrial revolution and the decline of the Qing Dynasty. During this period, the rebellion of Bailian religion took place, the livelihood of eight banners, water transport and other issues became increasingly prominent, and opium also flowed into China. The Qing Dynasty experienced a decline in the middle ages.

In 1820, he died in Chengde Mountain Resort at the age of 61. The temple was named Renzong, and its posthumous title was "emperor suiyou, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor Guangyu, Emperor.

Life of the characters

Life in the hidden residence

On the sixth day of October in the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), Aixinjueluo kuaiyan was born in the spring of Tiandi, Yuanmingyuan. His first name was Yongyan, and his mother Xiaoyi was empress Wei Jia. At the age of six, he learned to serve Kuan in the Ministry of war, and to learn modern style poetry from Xie Yong in the Ministry of industry. When he was seven years old, he went to visit empress xiaoshengxian in Panshan hall. At that time, he was very popular with Emperor Qianlong. At the age of 13, I can read through the five classics. Among the famous teachers of Shi Xueyan, Zhu was the most respected. After Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, he personally wrote a secret decree, which was hidden behind the "righteous and bright" plaque in the Qianqing palace. He made Yonglian, the second son of emperor Fucha, the empress of xiaoxianchun, the crown prince. Emperor Qianlong thought that "Yonglian was born by the empress, my direct son, intelligent and valuable, and of extraordinary prestige". But Yonglian died when he was nine years old. Later, Emperor Qianlong intended to make yongcong, the seventh son of emperor, the crown prince, but he died when he was two years old Pox is a disease of early death. Then, in the winter of 1773, Emperor Qianlong established his crown prince, the 15th son of the emperor.

In 1780, on the eve of Zhu's going to Fujian to study politics, he set up five precepts for him: "cultivating the heart, respecting the body, working hard, being empty of oneself and being sincere". He "tried to do it", and even after he was in power, he "tried to be left or right.". When he was a teenager, he had a good academic record. "His English poems were brilliant, and his writing style was very good. When he was older, he liked to read all kinds of history and learn from others, and he had reached the level of "up and down three thousand years, with clear track record". In 1789, he Yan was granted the title of Prince heshuojia. In September of the 60th year of Qianlong (1795), he was officially declared as the crown prince.

Inner Zen ascends the throne

On the first day of the first month of the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Emperor Qianlong held a ceremony of the Zen throne, in which he became the emperor. Emperor Qianlong came to the hall of Taihe to pass on the imperial seal. He respected Emperor Qianlong as the supreme emperor. After that, the government was still under the control of Emperor Qianlong, and he lived in Yuqing palace temporarily. The imperial edict was issued to the whole world, and the banquet was given to Zong Zhen. Li Di Fu Jin Xi Tala as the queen. A banquet for thousands of old people was held in ningshou palace, where Emperor Qianlong personally went. In the first month, Fu kang'an, a bachelor in charge of Miao affairs, and others played a role in conquering langpo and attacking pinglong. At the same time, the white lotus sect bandits in Zhijiang and Yidu areas of Hubei Province rioted. In February, Bailian bandits in Dangyang, Hubei Province, also rioted and killed local officials. General Hengrui of Xi'an led two thousand troops to exterminate.

In the first month of the second year of Jiaqing (1797), nangxian, the king of Miao Yi in Guizhou Province, made a riot. He ordered the governor to lead troops to encircle and suppress. Guan Cheng reported that Xu Tiande, a bandit from Sichuan Province, had invaded Dazhou and Dongxiang. He ordered Zhu shedou, the commander-in-chief, and others to exterminate them. In February, the queen of xitala died. She was ordered by Emperor Qianlong to wear plain clothes in the palace for seven days. Jing An made great contributions to the suppression and capture of the sect bandits, and was promoted to the third rank by Jin. The posthumous empress Xi Tala is empress Xiaoshu. Huiling captured the bandit leader Liu Qi and others and escorted them to the capital for beheading. In September, Lebao captured the thief's nest of Zhongmiao, captured the thief's head Wang nangxian and others, and escorted them to the capital to behead them. He was made a third marquis.

In August of the third year of Jiaqing (1798), because of the meritorious service of sanhuai, the bandit king of Bailian sect, jinlebao and Helian were dukes, and Fu Changan was marquis. Zhang Chengji played a song that there were some bandits in Xining Prefecture of Jiangxi Province who made trouble and sent troops to exterminate them.

Officially in charge

In the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Emperor Qianlong collapsed, and he began to be in charge. In February, he killed his powerful minister and deposed and imprisoned his cronies. The imperial edict called for outspoken speech, broad-minded speech, dispelling evil and supporting the right, praised the officials who had been convicted by words in the restoration of Qianlong Dynasty, ordered them to stop their contributions, and dethroned extravagance and thrift. Local officials are required to be "well aware of the hidden people's feelings" and report according to the facts, so as to avoid bullying, whitewashing and laziness. However, his limited rectification of the internal affairs failed to fundamentally reverse the decline of the Qing Dynasty's political situation. In September of that year, Yang daochun, a native of Yanshi County, Henan Province, turned to the policy table and put forward some suggestions, such as eliminating the accumulated disadvantages and the people's difficulties in order to consolidate the country's foundation; grain storage, which is the foundation of the country, has the greatest disadvantages, so please issue a decree to strictly enforce the ban. Emperor Jiaqing praised it very much. He said: "Yang daochun made a statement about the incident with people What is said is what the local government should do This is the second time that we have held all the items mentioned above. " He ordered that Yang daochun "be transferred from Jiupin to hujitang, the governor of Zhili, for appointment. In case of any shortage, he would make up for it.". In November, Hu Qilun of Xiangyang Road went through the military supplies of Xiangyang Bureau in Hubei Province, privately withheld more than 29000 taels of silver and gave it to him as a gift. Emperor Jiaqing put him to death. Bi Yuan, the late governor of Huguang, changed his son's hereditary post and lost his home to the bribed leaders of Guangming, Yongbao, Qingcheng and ehui. When dealing with the case of Hubei Province's cheating on pay, he also sent personnel to strictly check the actual situation of Sichuan's military supplies. "Only when the leaders are unprofitable, can they concentrate on suppressing the thieves and make great contributions quickly.". He worked out the method of "making every grain station report by ten days and report by month", which corrected the confusion of military pay.

In the first month of the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), he ordered eledengbao to deal with the task of exterminating the religious bandits in Shaanxi, and de lengtai and quelun to deal with the task of exterminating the religious bandits in Sichuan. In July, he ordered the eight banners of Jilin and Heilongjiang under the command of the right wing chief to Hubei to help eliminate the bandits. Langgan, the governor of Guizhou, played the role of the young Miao, and Yang Wentai led the troops to exterminate them. Ma Huiyu captured Liu Zhixie, the leader of the sect bandit, and escorted him to Beijing to kill him. Erdenbao captured Chen Jie, the leader of the sect.

In the first month of the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801), Fu Yan took Fu Sen as the Minister of the household department and Ming'an as the commander of the Bu army. In February, Lebao won the imperial edict of Wang Shihu and Wang Tingzhao. In April, the imperial concubine Niu Hulu was chosen as Queen, the concubine Hou of Jin Ying as concubine Hua, the concubine Dong of Jin Chun as concubine Chun, and the concubine Wang of Jin Ju as concubine Ji. In May, he took erdenbao as the Minister of Li Fan yuan. In July, Le Bao captured Xu Tianshou and Wang Denggao. In August, erdenbao captured gang leaders Wang Shihu and ran Tiansi. Le Bao shangzao captured the bandit leaders Liu Qingxuan, Tang Buwu, ran Xuesheng, etc., and won the third prize. In September, the Qing assembly ceremony was renewed.

In the first month of the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), songyun was the general of Ili. The bandit leader Xin Cong was captured by eledengbao, and the rest of the party was pacified. In March, the gang leaders Gong Qiyao, Li Shihan and Li Guozhen were captured and the rest of the party was put down. In July, he served Mulan for the first time in autumn. In December, most of the revolts of Bailian religion in Sichuan and Chu had been suppressed. The imperial edicts of eledengbao, delingtai, Lebao, Huiling and Wu xiongguang would report to Sichuan, Shaanxi and Chu that the bandits were wiped out. He was the first-class Marquis of eledengbao and delingtai, the first-class uncle of Lebao, the first-class male of Guangming, and the second-class Marquis of Saichong A and Yang Yuchun. Wang Yongzhen, Minister of military aircraft Qing GUI, Dong Gao, etc.

In the first month of the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), Emperor Jiaqing took ushibu as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. And he ordered Ili to open up more civilian fields. In February, he returned from Yuanmingyuan to the palace and entered zhenshunmen. Chen Dexing stabbed him, but he was not captured. Chen de and his second son Fu Zhu. Yan Shen forbidden the palace gate. In June, Emperor Jiaqing granted Ruan Fuying the title of king of Vietnam. In October, empress Xiaoshu was buried in the mausoleum.

In the ninth year of Jiaqing (1804), in May, he finally completely suppressed the remaining uprising units of the Bailian cult. The war was postponed for nine years, and the Qing government spent 200 million taels of silver on military. In June, Cai led the uprising on the sea. Lu Kang was the assistant of the University. Liang Ming was the Minister of the Ministry of work, Chang Lin was the Minister of the Ministry of punishment, and Fei Chun was the Minister of the Ministry of officials. De Ying went to the military aircraft department and took Na Yancheng and Ying He as military aircraft ministers. He became governor of Shaanxi and Gansu.

In the middle of power

In the first month of the tenth year of Jiaqing (1805), he ordered the Minister of the interior to strictly restrict the eunuch's rights. In April, he banned westerners from carving books to preach. In May, he ordered the Minister of internal affairs to manage the Western Hall, but failed to strictly inspect it. He was appointed to preach and was punished at the lower level. His scriptures were inspected and destroyed, and Tong Lan was convicted of practicing teaching.

Jiaqing 11 years (1806) in September, Zhili found a false carving

Chinese PinYin : Qing Ren Zong Yu Yan