Yao Gong

Yao Gong

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Yao Gong (1590-1647), the word Xinyi, the word Xinyi, the number Yunxiang, and the number Yunzhi,. Haifeng people. Ming Shenzong Wanli 46 years (1618) Ju Ren, Ming Xizong Tianqi 2 years (1622) Jinshi. At the beginning, he was ordered to return to An'an and moved to the head of the Ministry of rites. He successively served as the commander of Shandong Province and supervised the army Yongping by imperial edict. There are seven biographies in Haifeng County annals by Qianlong of Qing Dynasty.

Life

Yao Gong was born on March 15 of the lunar calendar in the 18th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty in Haifeng County. His father, Yao Yingming, is a rice merchant who runs a rural market. In order to train his two sons to study, his family moved to live in Haifeng County. As a teenager, Yao Gong and his younger brother Yao Jing were admitted to the county school and studied in Haifeng school. Under the influence of his father's love of reading and his supervision of learning, all of them are familiar with it. Elder brother Yao Gong is generous in his treatment of others and filial in his service to his relatives. According to the local records, he is "generous in his tools and filial in his friends". In 1616, Yao Gong saw that the Longjin bridge, which connects Huichao official road, was destroyed by flood. In order to facilitate people's life and business activities on both sides of the Strait, he took the lead in donating money and materials to invite craftsmen to build the bridge. In 1618, Yao Gong, a 29 year old young scholar, completed his studies. Together with his classmate Wu Zhi, he went to Guangzhou to take the provincial examination. He won the eighth place in the Wu Wu Wu examination. He returned to Haifeng, where he studied hard for three years, and his eight part schoolwork improved.

In the first year of Tianqi (1621), Yao Gong saw that the walls of the fair market rebuilt at the beginning of Wanli were dilapidated and harassed by mountain bandits for many times, which not only affected the normal business operation of the market, but also affected the life and property of merchants. So he took the lead in donating money, raising funds, building fair city walls on a large scale, employing strong men to strengthen defense, so that the local people could live and work in peace and contentment. In the spring of the next year, Yao Gong went to Beijing to take part in the joint examination. He was named Jinbang in Lianjie high school. He was awarded the 63rd Jinshi in the third grade of renxu science. He was awarded wenlinlang the title of magistrate of an County. Later, he moved to Yong'an Dao to supervise the army and was appointed Deputy envoy of chasi in Shandong Province. When the news of Yao Gong's title came from the capital, all the shops in the fair old market immediately set off firecrackers to celebrate and set up inscriptions in the walled city. In the midsummer of 1625, Yao Jingwei, his younger brother, expressed his gratitude to Haifeng Academy for cultivating Kunzhong, and presented a large stone tripod with a weight of tons to the academy as a censer for worshiping Confucius' sages. On the outside of the incense burner, there are eight big characters of "virtue matches heaven and earth, Taoism passes through ancient and modern times" and the signature of "Tianqi Yichou midsummer Jidan Yao jingxun mulesi". Yao Yingming, his father, lived in his hometown with sincerity, simplicity and benevolence. He usually paid attention to restraining the servants of the Qi nationality. He was disgusted by all the things that profit was used to invade others. However, in order to help the poor, the family motto of "wake up the heart" was widely engraved to teach. He became famous for teaching his two sons, and the people of Tongyi set up a monument to praise virtue. The next year, he won the imperial court's gift and honor, and was worshipped in Haifeng Xiangxian temple.

When Yao Gong was appointed as the magistrate of Guian County, Huzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province, he followed the instructions of his father Yao Yingming when he left. He was considerate of the poor students. In order to avoid their worries and enable them to study at ease, he set up a school field and obtained public money as the funding for the poor students. At ordinary times, he paid attention to helping farmers and mulberry trees, storing grain for famine, expelling county officials who embezzled public funds in the yamen, discriminating local crafty evil gentry and alienating them. Therefore, in Gui'an's five years as an official, he was honest, diligent, lenient and simple in punishment, and made remarkable achievements, which was praised by the imperial court. Therefore, the Qing Qianlong version of Haifeng County annals of personages said: "at the beginning of his term of office, he returned to An'an, abided by strict discipline, created a school field, prepared the famine policy, eliminated the beetles and traitors, ruled the Qing Dynasty and punished the criminals, made achievements in five years, and favored the West."

In 1628, Yao Yingming died. Hearing the news, Yao Gong wailed and asked the court for leave to go home for the funeral. He gave up the boat and the sedan horse to take the place of walking and trekked thousands of miles for the funeral. When he returned to Yao's residence in Haifeng County, his appearance was destroyed and his filial piety could be seen here. Yao Gong followed the etiquette system and studied etiquette and filial piety at home for three years. At ordinary times, he helped his younger brother Yao Jing to study and gain fame. For this reason, he wrote a couplet in the hall and said: "read the books of sages; do equal things." In order to motivate myself and my brother Yao Jing. In the third year of Chongzhen, Yao Jing and his classmates Peng Guangyuan and LV Yuchen took part in the provincial examination, and took part in the examination together. Yao Jing was granted the title of magistrate of Huoshan County in Anhui Province.

In the fourth year of Chongzhen and the third year of Yaogong's mourning, it was reopened by the imperial court. "Fu Kai began to canonize Chun Cao and was granted the title of Yifan to teach Xi's son-in-law. He was appointed as the standard constitution of Shandong Province in Huailong, and supervised Yongping army by imperial edict. It is easy to stay at home, and people love it. Mr. Si Li Zhang praised him and said, "a good man is also a gentleman. It's a true record of the Duke." All his works are recorded in the two collections of Taishi, Tao Shikui and Han Qiuzhong. " In the lunar April of 1635 (the 8th year of Chongzhen reign), Xiong Wencan, a member of the army of Guangdong and Guangxi, instructed Huizhou to guard Hong Yunchao, Xia Zhilin, Chen Chengzu, Zhang Yijie and Haifeng to appease Liu Xiang. At that time, Yao Gong happened to return to his hometown to visit his relatives. In order to help the imperial court calm down the riots and stabilize the social order of Sangzi, Yao Gongyi accompanied local officials to Xie daoshan to appease Liu Xiang. However, in the name of surrender, Liu Xiang carried out the plan of plundering and forced the officials off the ship by force. In spite of the emergency, Yao Gong resolutely escorted the officials off the ship. Because of Yao Gong's high reputation, Liu Xiang didn't dare to do anything to Yao Gong. The next morning, he put him back at sea.

In 1640, Yao Gong was praised by his superiors for his outstanding ability. He was promoted from an administrative official to a supervisory official and served as xuandahuabiao jianjundao. Soon after, he was transferred to Yongping, Shandong Province (now Lulong County, Qinhuangdao City) as the Deputy envoy of Jianjun Dao chasi, and his grade rose from Grade 7 to grade 4. He was in charge of "separate patrol, responsible for the preparation of soldiers, learning, pacifying the people, patrolling the sea, the Qing army, post, water conservancy, garrison, recruitment and training, and military supervision." Among them, it is an important duty to supervise the army. "Division and bank supervise the army's meritorious deeds, and each of them is responsible for its own affairs.". As the supervisor of the local government and the army, Yao Gong has done his work conscientiously in every post and gained good reputation and evaluation. In May of the next lunar year, the Qing soldiers attacked Jinzhou wantonly, and the general Zu dashou was in a hurry. In August, Hong Chengchou, the governor of the imperial court, led 130000 troops, including general Cao Bianjiao, governor Qiu minyang, bingbeidao Zhangdou, Yao Gong, Wang Zhizhen, Zhang Ruoqi, the doctor of the Ministry of war, Wang Pu, Li fuming and Wu Sangui, to go out of the customs to rescue and camp on the Rufeng mountain in the north of Songshan city. Wu Sangui and others were defeated by the Qing army in Tashan and other places, and then fled to Xingshan to defend. When Cao bianqi heard of the defeat, he led his army to join Hong Chengchou to defend Songshan. A few days later, Wu Sangui led his army to a great defeat in Gaoqiao, only to survive. More than 53700 people have been killed. Since the siege of Jinzhou became more and more urgent, Songshan city was also besieged by the Qing army, and there were no more than ten thousand soldiers guarding the city. In September, Cao Bian led his troops to break through the encirclement, but they could not stand out the encirclement of the Qing army. During the period when Songshan was besieged, there was also a case in which the court investigated Yao Gong for responsibility. According to the archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the cabinet archives of Taiwan, on February 11, 15, Chongzhen, the Ministry of war criticized Yao Gong's memorial for the reward of the eastern expedition, saying: "the reason. The governor of Xuanda, who is in charge of the military affairs of Huaibiao, hopes to find out whether Yao Gongce, the governor of Huaibiao, has lost money in the battle, and whether he should spend money or not On February 24 of the same year, Yao Gong drafted a memorial in Songshan City, reporting to the imperial court for the imperial edict to break through the encirclement and save the pines, saying, "the reason. The title is that the emperor of Inner Mongolia promoted Ren Yongping, for example, the original imperial edict should be remitted to the Chief Secretary of Shandong on a quarterly basis. Today, we can learn from the existing pines. When Songshan is liberated, Rongchen will pay it as usual. "

In the second month of the lunar calendar in 1642, Xia Chengde, the Deputy General of the city, was bribed by the general of the Qing Dynasty. He was actually an agent, and the city of Songshan was broken. Cao Bianjiao, 12 biographies of the Ming Dynasty, says that "Chengchou, Bianjiao, court officials and governor Qiu minyang, so the chief soldier Zu dalie, Bing Beidao Zhangdou, Yao Gong and Wang Zhizhen, the Deputy generals Jiang Zhu, raoxun and Zhu Wende, and more than 100 generals were killed." Although Yao Gong and others were captured by Qing soldiers, they were not killed on the spot. Instead, they were escorted to Shengjing (Shenyang) with a group of captured generals. When Hong Chengchou was persuaded to surrender to the Qing Dynasty, Yao Gong and other major generals also followed Hong Chengchou to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. Only 100 officers, such as Qiu minyang, Cao Bianjiao and Wang Tingchen, were killed. "On February 21, the 15th year of Chongzhen, Xia Chengde, the Deputy General of Songshan, secretly sent his son Xia Shu to the camp of Qing Dynasty to contact with HAOGE and Duoduo to surrender in Xiancheng. He agreed to do it on the night of the 28th. At this point, day and night, the Qing army launched a siege, Xia Chengde as promised, Songshan fell. Hong Chengchou and Qiu minyang, General Wang Tingchen, Cao Bianjiao and Zu Dale, guerrilla Zu Daming and Zu Dacheng, Bing Beidao Zhang Dou, Yao Gong and Wang Zhizhen, and Deputy generals Jiang Zhu, Yao Xun and Zhu Wende were captured. Finally, Qiu minyang and other 100 officers and more than 3000 soldiers were killed together And Hong finally surrendered to the Qing government. " In this decisive battle which decided the fate of Ming Dynasty, the main force of Ming Dynasty was completely destroyed.

After the Songshan war, it was widely spread that all the generals such as Hong Chengchou died in the war. At that time, Emperor Chongzhen believed it and set up a memorial temple for them. Later, he learned that Hong Chengchou had surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and ordered people to demolish them immediately. Yao Gong was not killed in the battle of Songshan, which can be confirmed by Yao's genealogy and the public praise of his descendants. Yao's genealogy in Haifeng County, printed by Zhongdong in the 34th year of the Republic of China, states: "Duke (Yao Gong), the eldest son of Duke Yao Yingming He was appointed as the commander of Shandong Province in Huailong, and supervised the army Yongping Road by imperial edict. There was a political voice, and the scholars respected Leshi to stay in memory. Shunzhi died in Shandong in the fourth year and lived 58 years. " Another record of Haicheng Town: characters

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