Tang and Yuan Dynasties

Tang and Yuan Dynasties

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Tang yuan (1269-1349), long Ru, was called Jingtang. Scholars called him "Mr. junxuan". He was born in Shexian County, Huizhou. He was a famous Neo Confucianist and writer in Yuan Dynasty and a teacher of Zhu Sheng, a statesman of Ming Dynasty. He has successively served as a Confucian scholar in Pingjiang Road, a Confucian educator in Fenshui County, Jiande Road, and a mountain leader of nanxuan Academy in Jiqing road. In his senior years, he became an official with a professor of Confucianism in Huizhou Road, and was known as "southeast scholar teacher" at that time.

Tang Yuan's poems were praised by Fang Hui and Yu Ji. Although his Yi Zhuan Yi Da Yi, Jian Wen Lu and other works of Neo Confucianism have been lost, he can still get a glimpse of his purport; the collection of poems and essays still contains 13 volumes of Yun Xuan Ji, which shows his elegant style of writing and elegant style of poetry. A group of Neo Confucianists and writers in Yuan Dynasty, such as Tang and Yuan Dynasty, inherited and developed Cheng Zhu's Neo Confucianism, which laid a foundation for the prosperity of Huizhou's academic and literature in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Tang Yuan is one of the "three masters of the Tang family" in Huizhou. His son "Mr. Baiyun" Tang Guifang (1308-1380) and sun "Mr. Wugang" Tang Wenfeng (1347-1432) are all famous for their poems and essays, and are known as "little three Su". All of them are well written, but only two thirds of them exist in junxuan collection, Baiyun collection and Wugang collection. Cheng Minzheng, a Huizhou philologist in the Ming Dynasty, compiled and revised the collection of three masters of the Tang Dynasty, which was handed down by Zhang Qin, the governor of Huizhou in 1518. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the three episodes were included in the collection of Sikuquanshu.

Life

Since Tang and Yuan Dynasties came out of the family of poetry and calligraphy, they have been influenced by Cheng and Zhu's Neo Confucianism since childhood. When he was young, he made friends with Hong Yanzu and Yu Weiqing, who were also called "San Jun of Xin'an". The three "roam the mountains and waters, wash and grind, whirl and play, and do not breed in the beginning, so that they can come to study. It's a joke, it's a blasphemy. " After the Yuan Dynasty defeated the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination was abolished for more than 30 years, and most scholars in the south of the Yangtze River became tourists. They are famous in the countryside for their devotion to learning. At that time, Meng Chun, the general manager of Huizhou Road, first met the Tang and Yuan Dynasties. He attached great importance to it and wrote a poem: "one of the three handsome sons in Xin'an, with a clear and elegant appearance and a good handwriting.". Because early "do not know the treatment of physiology", Tang and Yuan "repeatedly food and clothing.". At the age of 36, Fang Hui, who is known as the "Royal Army of Jiangxi poetry school", wrote 54 poems. Fang Hui gladly ordered his collection to be "Yipu Xiaoji", and praised his poems in the preface: "therefore, he is a person who can be moved, Ge Gao also Modern scholars like Xu Hun and Yao he, Chang Ru sweep them like chaff, and those who take Tao, Du, Huang and Chen as teachers are also like chaff. Since then, the Tang and Yuan Dynasties "dare not forget the teacher's admonition" and "strive to express themselves with poetry". In the second year of Yanyou (1315), the yuan court resumed the imperial examination. News spread to Huizhou, 46 year old Tang yuan once "yingchuangxue case", learning exam oriented articles, but the four tests were disadvantageous, so he angrily abandoned juziye. The scale of imperial examination in Yuan Dynasty was not large, and there was discrimination against Han and Nan people, which made a large number of literati turn to official affairs at that time. At that time, although there were several examples such as giving professors, Xuezheng and yamanaga, there were also age restrictions on Han and Nan people. At first, Tang and Yuan Dynasty taught rural schools, but their life was more miserable. At the age of fifty-eight, he was awarded the post of Pingjiang road Confucianism record by Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. He promoted culture and education and made friends with Southeast celebrities. He was 65 years old and moved to Fenshui County, Jiande road. At the age of 68, he was the mountain chief of nanxuan Academy on Jiqing Road, and his reputation has flourished in Jinling. He became an official as a professor of Confucianism in Huizhou road and retired to the foot of wuliao mountain in Shexian county. He was famous for his articles and was honored as "southeast scholar". "Every time I get off the bus, I must see you first. If the officials and scholars from all over the world have passed through their territory, they will inquire about their daily life, that is, their houses and manners. " There is also an endless stream of door-to-door scholars, filling the fields.

Family background

The Tang clan in Xin'an is an official family with a scholarly family for generations. Tang Chengmin, the ancestor of the Tang and Yuan Dynasties, was the great grandson of Tang Jie, a political official of the Song Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty went to the south, he became the governor of Huizhou, and his descendants were from Xin'an. He was passed on to tingjun by the ninth generation of min. after tingjun had no royal family, he was passed on by Li guisan, the son of Li Min in Yantian, Wuyuan. The Li family of Yantian was originally the royal family of the Tang Dynasty. Li Fan, the first ancestor of Yantian, was the third son of Li Zhen, the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He avoided the chaos of Huangchao in Huangdun and changed his name to Li Jing. Later, he lived in Jietian. In the third generation, Li Dehong stayed in Jietian, Li depeng moved to Xintian, Qimen, and Li Delun moved to Yantian, Wuyuan. This is the famous "Li family of santian" in the history of Huizhou genealogy. From the tenth generation to the third generation of GUI, the story of de Luan was handed down. GUI, with the name of Meizhen, was the father of Tang yuan.

make friends

In Tang and Yuan Dynasties, he made many friends, such as Fang Hui, Yu Ji, Cao Jing, Gong Yi, Zhang Qiyan, Wang Shixi, Wu Shidao, Yang Gangzhong, Gong Shitai, Li Huan, Du Ben, Zheng Yuanyou, Wang Xunyuan, Chen Li, Tang Binglong, Yang Jingmin, Hong Yanzu, Yu Weiqing, Zheng Yifu, Zheng Yu, Cheng Wen, Wei Su, Bi Qifeng, Mou Yingfu, Ma angfu (Xue angfu), Guo linsun, Xia Pu, Liu Zhi Sheng Zexuan, Cheng Yi, Chen Fang, AI Tinghui, Yu Zhao, Xian Yu Qujin, Jiang Shiwen, Jiang Guangqi, Huang zhizhai, Zhu Keyong, Zhu Wenxuan, Zhao Mengwei, Xia Xixian, Xia Taiheng, Xu Fang, Hu chuweng, Meng Chun, Lu Zhi, Yu Tailai, sun Guorui, Zhuang Meng, LV Guangwen, Wang FengChen, you ba, Wu Bin, Wang Deyu, Cheng Guobao, Bao Yuankang, Wang Youfeng, Zhou Yanming, Bao Chun, Xu Xun Hong Shou, Cheng Zhi, Sun Yan, etc. Most of them were famous scholars in the southeast area at that time, as well as Confucian instructors or academy leaders. To a certain extent, the making of friends in the Tang and Yuan Dynasties reflects the real situation of the scholars in the Yuan Dynasty when they were engaged in communication and teaching, which is also of certain value to the research of the lives of the relevant figures.

work

Tang Yuan's works include Jingtang Zashu, sile Zashu, Wumen Zashu, Fenyang Zashu, Jinling Zashu and laoxuezhuo, ten volumes of Yi Chuanyi Dayi and twenty volumes of Jian Wen Lu. Today, there are only 13 volumes of poems and essays in junxuan collection, including the collection of Mr. Tang's three masters and the complete collection of Siku in Qing Dynasty. In terms of edition, the former is the base of the latter. The preface, postscript and appendix of the collection of Tang's three gentlemen retain a large number of documents about Tang's three gentlemen, which is an important material for modern people to study the three gentlemen and Huizhou literature in Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

influence

"Siku Zongmu" says that the Tang and Yuan Dynasties are "deeply versed in scriptures, and their comments are not too weird and correct", "gaiqi was always in the prime of the Yuan Dynasty, so his voice of peace and gentleness is highly praised by Yu Ji."

After becoming an official in the Tang and Yuan Dynasties, there were many people who wanted to write, so the articles spread all over the country. After reading Yu Ji, the leader of the literary circle, he said with emotion: "it's very good to see Mrs. Zheng's deeds. I hate not knowing Tang Gong. " It is a pity that Madame Zheng Xingshi of Tang and Yuan Dynasties has been lost. After reading the poems and essays of Tang and Yuan Dynasties, Wang Shixi continued to call them "zuozhou" and presented them with a gift of "taking the cha to ask the Zhiji late at night, and the heavenly daughter flows and dances, and the Phoenix flies.". Looking back on the poem "cutting lamp and making five baht clothes", Zhang Qiyan, Yang Gangzhong, Li Huan and others all pursue it. Xia Pu also said: "the literary style of Tang Jun is high and neat, which makes people read it endlessly. How lucky our neighbors are Xia Pu inherited the origin of his family learning, learned Confucian classics, works, poetry and prose, and was asked by Neo Confucianism scholars Zheng Yu and Zhao Fang. Gong Shitai, a famous essayist at that time, said that "there is a law for writing in the Tang and Yuan Dynasties, which is beyond the reach of all people." Gongshitai ' It can be seen that Tang Yuan's articles were highly appraised at that time.

In the late Tang and Yuan Dynasties, he retired to give lectures in Huaitang, Shexian county. Zhu Sheng and Shu Yi all learned from him. They were "the imperial censor Cheng Junguang Dao, Shandong Jinshi Chen Zigong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Jinshi Zhou Keren." When talking about Tang Yuan's poems and essays, SHU Kai said: "the knowledge of articles is what we believe in The so-called full of natural, when not in the Han and Tang Dynasties. Poetry is especially high, rich and clean, with the style of Taige. " Zhu Tong, the son of Zhu Sheng, also called him "a prolific poet who is not dangerous and astringent". Chen Hao, a disciple, said: "Mr. Yun Xuan's style of writing is that of being a scholar." At that time, the proverb of Shexian county also said: "if you enter the city, you should not see Qianfu in Dongguo (Hong Yanzu)

，

See Chang Ru at the South Gate (Tang and Yuan Dynasties)

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After the death of the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Sheng wrote an elegiac poem and said: "at the foot of Ziyang mountain, the little Chai gate, I remember my childhood and worship Yin Jun. Qiao Yueyan looks forward to Shouxiang, and the Yangtze River reads Xiongwen. Gunyi is not only related to ancient times. When did the eunuch learn to see CE Xun. For thousands of years, the wind and the moon have been on the Teng River, and the grave must be on the surface of Ji Zi. "

Cheng Minzheng, a philologist, said in the preface to the collection of three Tang scholars: "Yun Xuan was born in Shuji, and he was a private scholar in kaoting, but he didn't show up as an official Yun Xuan's writing is gentle and elegant, which has the style of the predecessors of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, Zhang Qiyan, Wang Shixi, Wu Shidao and other gentlemen of the Yuan Dynasty were all well-known. Poetry is implicit and meaningful, not for modern people's language. The order of Xugu Fanggong is beautiful and high, and the world thinks that he knows his words. " Wang Da, a scholar of Yongle Dynasty, also said: "Mr. Yu yueyun Xuan's poems and essays of Tang Gong are smooth in diction, not false in carving, vast and natural. Linqiong was a place where the Confucianists in Song Dynasty could be found. " During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, Si Ku Quan Shu was compiled,

Weng Fanggang

When talking about junxuan collection of the Tang and Yuan Dynasties, he said: "Xin'an is the hometown of Zhu Zi, so its introduction is quite detailed. It is quite close to the original works of Yuan Dynasty, so it should be copied and kept. " He also fully affirmed the value of his poems.

Generally speaking, the purport of Neo Confucianism in the Tang and Yuan Dynasties reflects the development of Neo Confucianism in the Yuan Dynasty, while the creation of poetry shows the Huizhou style of "abiding by Cheng and Zhu, not exceeding the rules". A group of Neo Confucianists and writers in Yuan Dynasty, such as Tang Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, as the highly respected leaders of Huizhou scholars at that time, played a very important role in inheriting and developing Cheng Zhu's Neo Confucianism and opening up the academic and literary style of Huizhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Chinese PinYin : Tang Yuan