Yin Jishan

Zhang Jia and Yin Jishan

Yin Jishan (1696-1771) was born in Daxing County, shuntianfu, Zhili Province. He was a minister of the Qing Dynasty and the son of Yin Tai, a Bachelor of Dongge and Minister of the Ministry of war.

In the first year of Yongzheng, he was a Jinshi, editor of Li Guan, governor of Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Liangjiang, Bachelor of Wenhua hall and master of Hanlin academy, assistant manager of river affairs and counsellor of military affairs. There are 10 volumes of Yin wenduangong's poetry anthology, and he once participated in the revision of Jiangnan Tongzhi.

Life of the characters

Winning the favor

Yin Jishan was born in the 35th year of Kangxi (1696). He has a long character. His name is Wangshan and his surname is Zhangjia. Zhang Jia was originally a place name. Later he took his surname as his surname. His ancestor, mudubayan, lived in Omo and Sulu of Changbai. The third son, yueta, was the ancestor of Yin Jishan. Later, because of the flourishing population, he moved to Allah, Yihan, and was incorporated into the inlaid yellow flag. Yin Tai, the great grandson of laita, was an official in the reign of Emperor Kangxi. He died in 1952 and lived in Shengjing. Yin Jishan is the fifth son of Yin Tai. He is smart and precocious. He looks like an extraordinary man. People described him at that time: "the Duke (Yin Jishan) is white and has few eyebrows. He has a big mouth and a clear voice. He has a bright red body like cinnabar. His eyes are beautiful and kind. He is long." In the 60th year of Kangxi (1721), when Yin Tai was unemployed, something very important happened to the Yin family: when Prince Yong Yin Zhen was ordered to sacrifice to Sanling, it rained on the way, so he stayed at Yin Tai's home. When chatting, Yin Zhen asked: do you have any sons? Thai said to him: the fifth son raised the sign of Beijing. Yin Zhen said: I'll see you soon. The next year, Yin Jishan took part in the examination and planned to pay a visit to Prince Yong according to his father's orders. Because the emperor's father died, Yin Zhen succeeded to the throne and had to give up. In the first year of Yongzheng, Yin Jishan became a Jinshi. At the time of introduction, when Yin Zhen saw him, he was full of praise for his talent and knowledge, saying: you are Yin Taizi? Big fruit! Since then, Yin Jishan began a long and distinguished official career.

Different from Kangxi's steady and peaceful political style, the newly ascended Emperor Yongzheng was happy and angry in his words. He employed people regardless of their qualifications. Once he was appreciated by him, he was promoted and rewarded in great numbers. On the contrary, he was criticized and punished. To the elegant and talented Yin Jishan. Emperor Yongzheng, as if he had the most precious treasure, bestowed "Heaven's grace" on him. In the first year (1723), he was ordered to be an official in charge of daily life. In the fifth year, he moved to be an official in charge of daily life. Then he moved to be a doctor in the household department. In the sixth year, he was appointed governor of Jiangsu Province. At the age of Jishan, he was only 32 years old, so people in the south of the Yangtze River called him "Xiao Yin". In seven years, he was promoted to be the governor of Shanshu river course, and in nine years he was the governor of Liangjiang. After that, he was appointed as the Minister of criminal justice for three years from the second year to the fifth year of Qianlong. It was not until 1765 that the capital was returned.

Yin Jishan became governor six years later and governor eight years later. This is a miracle in the political circles of the Qing Dynasty. Even Qianlong said, "who can be the governor eight years later?"? Not only that, before and after Yin Jishan was favored, his father Yin Tai also had a good time. In the first year of Yongzheng, he was promoted to a cabinet bachelor and was promoted to the imperial censor of zuodu. In seven years, Yin Tai, who was in his eighties, was granted the title of Dongge bachelor and Minister of arms by Jiaen. be honest. Yin Tai's talent is not outstanding. If Yongzheng used it again mainly to support his cronies, then he was honored as a bachelor because he gave birth to Yin Jishan. In this regard, Yongzheng made no secret (as can be seen from the later material). In May of the seventh year, Yin Jishan played the river fortification, which was very opportune. Yongzheng praised him and said, "it's hard for me to criticize Jiayue's pen. How can your father have such a son! I'm really glad for your father!

Yin Tai was a typical Manchurian bureaucrat with strict family rules. Yin Jishan's mother, Xu's, was his youngest wife. When he was a governor, Xu's family was still serving Pingyan in green clothes. Not yet sealed. Ten years (1732) winter. When Yin Jishan was transferred to Yungui, Yongzheng asked: is your mother granted a title? After good bareheaded kowtow, will play, Yongzheng Road: stop. I know what you mean. If you are a commoner, you will be granted by your mother. If your mother is not granted, I will have an order. Yin Jishan came out with thanks. After returning home, Yin Tai was very angry and said, "you were born to me, but you didn't enlighten me. Is it the Lord's family that oppresses wengye?"? He raised his staff to beat him and shot down his peacock plume until Xu knelt down. After Yongzheng heard about it. The next day, he sent someone to Yin Tai's home to report the injustice to his mother and son

"The next day, Gong e, the internal supervisor, was ordered to carry Zhai Fucui's clothes to the prime minister's house (i.e. Yin Tai's family), and to help his wife (Xu's family) on the couch. She was decorated with the flowers and hairpins. All the women of the Eight Banners came to encircle his wife in strict makeup, and the congratulators were also on her heels. In a short time, the scholars of the Manchu and Han cabinet called in with a seal! The prime minister knelt down with his wife, but read out: "Yin Taifei, a great scholar, is not allowed to be a prime minister because of his son's virtue of succeeding goodness. He is not a member of the Xu family. Why was succeeding goodness born? In the imperial edict, the Xu family was granted the title of Lady Yipin. Yin Tai Su Xie first, and then saluted as an imperial edict. At the end of Xuan Dynasty, the four palace maids held their wives to the south, and the four interior wardens led the prime minister to pay homage to their wives. The four palace maids forced them not to move. They not only repeated the ceremony of marriage, but also came to the pear garden in neifu. The orchestras are sonorous, the dishes are numerous, and the ladies hold their cups for the longevity wine of the prime minister's wife. Let's go and have a big laugh. "

At first glance. The above record is quite dramatic, but from the consideration of Yongzheng's personality and personality, we can conclude that it is credible. Interference in the private life of Ministers is an important feature of Yongzheng's rule. As early as three years ago (1725), he proposed to take charge of the minister's family affairs. At that time, he issued a decree to reprimand the minister, "those who are now made by Yi's wife and are willing to do everything," and ordered those who are afraid of the inside to "do not have to be constrained by fear. He ordered me to play in secret. I will punish the ministers on behalf of them. Although I manage everything every day, I can still handle the affairs of the minister's family." How can Yongzheng turn a blind eye to his beloved minister and his mother's grievances at home? And this kind of slightly mischievous way is quite in line with Yongzheng's unique personality.

Yin Jishan was deeply impressed by the emperor's special favor. He wrote: "my father, son and brother have received special favor together. One of my ministers has invited a special number. Thank you very much Yongzheng, on the other hand, admonished Yin Tai with his loyalty. In February of the seventh year, Jishan Shangzuo said, "the emperor also told his father that there are no governors like ertai, Tian Wenjing and Li Wei in today's governor. He urged him to be loyal and try his best to follow his example. His father invited him to make a record and earnestly taught him." In order to cultivate a generation of important officials, Yongzheng took great pains, in this respect, Kangxi and Qianlong are incomparable.

Yongzheng's faith made Yin Jishan a new star in the officialdom. Even Prince Yunxiang of Yi took a different look at him and gave him a green fox to show his favor. It is worth mentioning that: Yin Jishan's stepmother is the daughter of tu'ertai in the University. Mrs. e is good at chanting and has deep feelings with him. This marriage is very important for Yin Jishan who has had a smooth sailing. It's just icing on the cake.

Of course, Yin Jishan became a famous official of the Qing Dynasty. The most important reason is its representative political affairs and conduct, which can be seen from the following parts.

Eight Banners scholar

In 1779, Emperor Qianlong wrote a nostalgic poem, in which Yin Jishan was placed in the "five governor officials", saying: "the Eight Banners' scholars" have a great reputation for succeeding in good deeds "," they are clear in political affairs, gentle in temperament, and all things are appropriate, and they are lucky stars ". It also said:" Yin Jishan is just and generous, and his priority is to love the people, so he is very famous. He is calm in his affairs, and he is reasonable when he knows about it Painting, river engineering and other affairs should be coordinated Now it seems that Qianlong's evaluation is relatively fair.

For example, when he was in charge of the two rivers, he publicly issued a relief notice to prohibit his subordinates from eroding the relief materials. He said, "if you don't have Sike's help to the fat family, you can't escape from the law. That is to say, if you don't have our own inspectors, I know it's hard for you. My descendants will not get it because they are hungry." When he was in charge of Sichuan and Shaanxi, he changed his predecessor's malpractice and mined copper mines in Leshan and other places. "The local poor also had to rely on domestic helpers to find food, which was of great benefit to people's livelihood." At that time, the most influential measures were to eliminate the disadvantages of water transport and to sort out the granary.

In the early years of Kangxi and Yongzheng, Jiangsu collected grain for quick food, which had many disadvantages. Some local officials only allowed six or seven liters of grain in the name of foot fees. In addition, they cleverly exploited the common people. When ertai was appointed as Suzhou's political envoy, he planned to reorganize, but only put forward a preliminary plan, that is, to transfer to Guangxi. In the sixth year of Yongzheng reign, Yin Jishan was appointed governor of Jiangsu Province. The following year, he published a book entitled "Li Ti Cao Shi Shu". He suggested that the grain for water should be charged six points for each stone, half of which should be given to Qi Ding and half to Zhou and County, for the purpose of running water. After the implementation of this measure, "all rice consuming Dendrobium noodles will be banned from changing," and "if there are grains left at the edge of Dendrobium iron, it is also called lace, so that the people can brush them away." At the same time, Yin Jishan strictly prohibited all kinds of bad rules of collecting water. He also "made secret visits" and "made a warning in the Ming Dynasty". After some sorting. Since then, the succeeding governors of Jiangsu, such as Chen Hongmou, have followed the rules of inheriting the good. Therefore, Zhao Yiyun said that "those who have been cleaning up the water transport in the south of the Yangtze River for more than 40 years have benefited Wen Rui (i.e. Yin Jishan), and the people of Yiwu have never been able to think of the public."

In the Qing Dynasty. It's very easy for the people to suffer from the disadvantages of purchasing stored grain. "In the past, most of the grain purchasing agencies in prefectures and counties were forced to buy grain according to the acreage rather than according to the market price, while the Bookkeepers who were responsible for the procurement also borrowed money from the bookkeepers to cut off the profits For this reason. Yin Jishan made great efforts to rectify. On the one hand, he asked the Qing government to "issue a special edict to forbid short price purchasing, so as to make the big and small officials startled." on the other hand, he asked the officials who failed to inspect the clerks and forced them to buy books at a low price to participate in the case, and severely punished the corrupt clerks. More importantly, Yin Jishan believes that the purchase of grain in each state and county should be based on the premise that it will not hinder the livelihood of the people and prices will not skyrocket. For example, in 1748, the governor of Jiangsu Province, Anning, ignored the high prices and had a floating heart

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