Yang Mingshi

Yang Mingshi

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Yang was born in the east gate of Jiangyin on January 24, 1661. In 1691, Li Guangdi, the examiner, paid great attention to the Jinshi. He received Confucian classics and gained more attainments. In 1717, Zhili (Hebei) was granted the right to patrol the road, which eliminated the old malpractice and made great achievements. In 1719, he moved to Guizhou as an envoy. Yongzheng three years (1725) promoted Minister of the Ministry of war, governor Yun Gui. In 1726, he was transferred to the Minister of the Ministry of rites, who was still in charge of the governor affairs. Qianlong ascended the throne. With his honesty, he ordered him to go to Beijing, added the title of minister of rites, and served as the Minister of rites. He also served as the shangshufang, nanshufang, and served as the emperor's Prince. He died in 1737. As a gift to Prince Taifu, he entered Xianliang temple and was granted posthumous title wending.

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Yang Ming, word bin Shi, word Ning Zhai, Jiangyin people in Jiangsu. In the 59th year of Kangxi (1720), he was promoted to governor of Yunnan. During that period, he became a provincial official after 30 years of ups and downs. His official career was difficult. At that time, Yang Ming was over the age of Huajia. Yang Ming was born on December 24, the 17th year of Shunzhi, that is, January 24, 1661. During the Yongzheng yuan reform, Yang Ming was very popular with the new emperor. When he first asked for an address, he received Zhu's edict that "Er has always been a resident official and has a good reputation. Since then, he has moved his early ambition to encourage him". In September of 1725, there was an edict that he was still in charge of the affairs of governor of Yunnan. In October, he was promoted to governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, and also served as governor of Yunnan. In July of the fourth year, he was transferred to the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, and ordered the governor to manage the governor affairs. Yang Mingshi's career reached its peak. In October of that year, ertai replaced Yang as governor of Yunnan and Guizhou. In February of the next year, Zhu Gang, Hunan's political envoy, was promoted to governor of Yunnan. Zhu Gang went to Beijing for training. In August, Yongzheng made a preliminary plan, that is, he issued an edict in Ming Dynasty, ordering Huang Bing, the Minister of punishment, to travel from Sichuan to Yunnan, "when governor Zhu Gang arrives in Japan, there will be a joint trial.". The object of "joint trial" is Yang Mingshi, who has just been dismissed. Yang Mingshi seems to have a nightmare, and I'm afraid outsiders don't understand why he caused trouble.

Anecdotes of the exam

In 1672, Yang Ming was 13 years old and took part in the Tongsheng County test for the first time. The test site is located in the school Palace on the east side of the Confucian temple in Jiangyin City. The Confucian temple was first built in the Northern Song Dynasty and then expanded continuously in the yuan and Ming Dynasties, forming a pattern of two systems of Western temple and eastern learning. In the first month of this year, Gong Zhiyi, a newly appointed county magistrate of Jiangyin and a native of Fengzhou, Hunan Province, posted a notice that the examination period of Tongsheng county was from February to February. Yang Mingshi studied hard in his private school for five years, and the test day he was looking forward to came.

Yang Ming got up early, had breakfast, and went with an appointed student. He walked westward to the county government office on Xianwan street. They went through the two archways of "ancient city of Jiyang" and "old seal of Chunshen" standing high in front of the Yamen and entered the ceremony room on the west side of the Yamen. Yang Ming was born in Jiangyin, Jiangnan. He was 13 years old. His father Yang Lutai, Zi Lai and Tan Yu, and his mother Xu; his grandfather Yang Qikun, Wan Cheng and Chun Hui, and his grandmother Ren; his great grandfather Yang Tiren and Zhen Nan, and his great grandmother pan; his parents and grandparents were married, and their grandmother and great grandparents died, but they were not official. Then, the same person who came from the same school, who was born, made a pledge to prove that the candidate Yang Ming didn't take advantage of his family, conceal his funeral, replace him, keep his family clean and not advocate the children of zaoli.

A few days later, the day before the exam, when Xu was famous, he prepared a long ear test basket with ink, dim sum and red candle in it. Shortly after midnight, Yang Mingshi got up and had breakfast. After listening to his parents' advice, he wore a blue shirt and carried a test basket. Under the guide of a servant's lantern, he looked ahead with dignity, raised his eyebrows and pursed his mouth, and walked into the school seriously. The first one is the main one. It's very important to take the exam one day.

Before dawn, the examiner called the roll. When you are famous, you should get the test paper and sit in the test shed according to the number of seats on the paper. Open the book to see the title: two four books, each no more than seven hundred words, five words and six rhymes, try a poem. When Yang Ming meditated, he began to write a draft. He wrote more than 2000 words in his two articles despite the limitation of writing. In the afternoon, the examinees handed in their papers one after another. Outside the test shed, there were a group of 351 students, including childish children, married young people in their twenties, and middle-aged and old students with black beard and white hair. They were chatting about their answers and commenting on others' gains and losses.

Yang Ming vaguely heard the comments from outside, but he didn't look at them. He still sat on the desk and transcribed the draft neatly. Early spring days were short, and the weather was getting dark. He lit the candle and continued to copy. There were only a few people left in the examination shed, and Yang Ming was unconscious. At this time, the invigilator turned his back and walked slowly around the examination room, quietly standing behind Yang Mingshi. Yang Ming was not aware of it at all. The examiner stretched his neck, looked down for a while, then quietly withdrew and said to other examiners, "this boy is extraordinary."

The second is the second test, one day. One article in four books and one article in sexual theory is to write a hundred words of Emperor Kangxi's quotation shengxun, without any addition, deletion or alteration.

The third scene is a re examination, a day's examination, a scripture and a rhapsody.

The fourth and fifth scenes are called Lianfu. One day's examination, eight part essays, poems and Fu, Confucian classics and parallel prose are not rigidly fixed.

At the end of each session, the number of candidates has decreased. When Yang Ming took the exam for five days, he persisted to the end. He passed the county examination. Kao Xiucai passed the first level.

In April of that year, Yang Mingshi sailed westward to Changzhou, 70 miles away, to take part in the Tong Sheng Fu test. The registration procedure of the government examination is similar to that of the county examination. Two tests, two days. Yang Ming passed the first test. Kao Xiucai passed the second level.

After the two passes, Yang Mingshi was ready to take part in the third pass of the examination of Xiucai, the hospital examination. The examination room is located in Jiangsu Xuezheng Festival department, and the festival department is located in Jiangyin county. This is the convenience of Jiangyin candidates, but also very special. The capital of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing (shuntianfu), and most of the 18 provinces were built in the provincial capital. There are only three departments in the country that are not located in provincial capitals: shuntianfu is located in Tongzhou. Jiangsu Province (later divided into Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province) is in Jiangyin County, and Shaanxi Province is in Sanyuan county. The main reason is that Jiangyin is adjacent to the Yangtze River, with convenient transportation and developed economy and culture. Emperor Wanli of Ming Dynasty moved Jiangnan academic, political and festival department from Zhenjiang to Jiangyin. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the righteous people of Jiangyin defended the city for 81 days to fight against the Qing Dynasty. The fierce battle, the protracted time, and the casualties of both sides were rare in the whole country. Emperor Shunzhi and Emperor Kangxi continued to keep learning and administration in Jiangyin, which was conducive to governing the mind and watching the wind. Xuezheng is the chief executive who is the examinee of a provincial scholar. Regardless of rank, his position is parallel to that of a provincial governor and several provincial governors.

Personal achievements

During the three-year term of Xuezheng, he presided over the college entrance examination twice. The first year was the year-old examination, and the second year was the scientific examination. In the year when Yang Ming took part in the county examination and the government examination, Jianshang, a scholar from Jiangnan and a native of Sichuan, has been in office for the fifth year. During his term of office, both the year-old examination and the scientific examination had been held. Yang Mingshi had to wait for the new school policy to take part in the college entrance examination.

Entrusted with heavy responsibilities

In 1691, Li Guangdi, the imperial examiner, paid much attention to the Jinshi, and went to the Imperial Academy for further study. In the 33rd year of Kangxi reign, Yang Mingshi, who was then in charge of the Imperial Academy's review, entered the South study. In the 41st year, he was promoted to Shuntian Xuezheng. Soon, he was promoted to the Imperial Academy. Later, because of the death of his parents, he went back to his hometown to mourn. In 1949, he recorded and revised 12 volumes of Xu Xiake's travels, and wrote a preface. After 51 years of mourning, he went to Beijing as an alternate. In 1953, he served as an examiner in Shaanxi Province. In 56, he was granted Zhili (Hebei) road patrol, with achievements. In 1958, he moved to Guizhou as an envoy. In the 60th year of Kangxi (1721), he was promoted to governor of Yunnan and became a feudal official of the imperial court. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Emperor Yongzheng personally wrote the plaque of "Qing Cao's long cherished works" to Yang Ming, in recognition of his outstanding achievements in decades of honesty and diligence. In the third year of Yongzheng, at the age of 66, Yang Mingshi was promoted to minister of the Ministry of war, governor of Yunnan and governor of Yunnan. In the fourth year of Yongzheng reign, he was transferred from Minister of war to minister of Li. In five years, he was convicted of mistaking the secret edict in the title book. In six years, he was dismissed for taking bribes, borrowing debts, and so on. He spent seven years in Kunming juxingguan, specializing in Neo Confucianism. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Emperor Qianlong recalled Yang Mingshi from Yunnan Province for his honesty and good moral character, and granted him the title of minister of rites and Imperial College wine when he was 76 years old. He once again went to the South study to serve the crown prince. He died in 1737. His posthumous title was wending, and he was given to the crown prince Taifu to enter the Xianliang temple.

A year later, Yang Mingshi's coffin was buried in his hometown of Jiangyin. He is the author of Yi Yi Zha Ji, Shi Jing Zha Ji, Si Shu Zha Ji, and selected into Si Ku Quan Shu. However, Zhang Taiyan, a university scholar, gave severe praise and criticism to Yang Mingshi's Neo Confucianism in Zhuzi Lue Shuo: "Tang bin, Yang Mingshi, Lu Longqi's generation, Jiang Zhengtang's song Xue Yuanyuan Ji didn't accept it, and its meaning is good. Who? Yan Huang's armour, serving officials of different races, has lost its integrity, and is still justified? "

personal works

Notes on Yi Yi, book of songs and four books

Chinese PinYin : Yang Ming Shi