Zhou Shixiu

Zhou Shixiu

Zhou Shixiu (from April 1354 to June 1402) was born in jueyu village, Luoxi Town, Taihe County, Jiangxi Province. He was a descendant of Zhou Ju, a water conservancy scientist. At the end of Hongwu's reign, the Ming Scripture was cited. Li Shi Huoqiu County discipline, Jianwen for Heng Wang Fu Ji Shan, stay in the capital, pre Hanlin compilation. When Yan soldiers entered the capital, they learned to respect the Scriptures in yingtianfu.

Life of the characters

Zhou xiushaoguxian died of his father at the age of six, and depended on his mother Peng. A little longer, he was taught by Mr. Hu Zhuqiao in his hometown. A few years later, he lost his mother and had nothing to return to. In view of his extraordinary temperament and eager to learn, Mr. Wang married his granddaughter to him, and later learned from Mr. Lu Xiaozhi. In the spring of 1395, Hong wuyihai was recommended to the court for his mastery of the book of songs. When he came to see the emperor Taizu, Taizu asked, "what is home for?" A: "to teach people's children, to be filial to their children, to be able to help them." Emperor Xi and stay, granted the Zhou palace worship is, serve the emperor TAISUN speak read, treat it as a guest of honor. In the second year, he traveled with the king to Mobei, Juyong Pass and Heishan. He thought like a spring, should write Fu, ten steps into seven character four rhyme poem, deeply praised by the king of Zhou, promoted Ji Shan. In the first year of Jianwen (1399), the king of Zhou was denounced for not abiding by the law and discipline, which led most of his officials to prison. Zhou Shixiu was spared by persuading the king of Zhou for many times. Later, he changed the house of King Heng to Jishan. King Heng was the same mother brother of emperor Hui, and he had not been a vassal, so Zhou Shixiu stayed in the capital. He wrote in the Imperial Academy to recommend talents. He repeatedly discussed the national plan and accused some officials of being wrong.

In 1402, the fourth year of Jianwen (1402), Zhu Di, king of Yan, had crossed the Yangtze River and was stationed in jinchuanmen. The next day, when the capital was lost, he was determined to die for the emperor in accordance with the idea that loyal officials should not serve the emperor and martyrs should not serve the husband. He left a message to his family, saying goodbye to his friends Yang Shiqi, Jiang zhonglong, Xie Dashen, Hu Guangda, Xiao Yongdao, etc., and delivering the following affairs. At the beginning, he had made an agreement with Yang Shiqi, Xie Jin, Hu Guang, Jin Youzi, Huang Huai and Hu Yan, but Zhou Shixiu lived up to the agreement. At dusk, he dressed neatly and entered the Tianfu Academy. After paying homage to his master, he hanged himself in Zunjing Pavilion. He was only 49 years old. The next day, the officials recommended Zhu Di, king of Yan, to the throne of emperor, that is, Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty. A few months later, Chen Ying, the censor, said, "it's not in accordance with heaven's destiny. Please add a stamp.". The emperor replied, "if you eat your salary, do not ask yourself.". There was no investigation. In the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, he was granted the title of Jiemin.

"It's a way of cultivating inner purity and outer harmony. It's a way of being loyal and faithful to your friends. It's not a way of taking its meaning seriously. It's open-minded and clear-minded. It's easy to learn. It's from Shi Baishi to Yin Yang medical divination. It's not all right.". (Biography of Zhou Shi Xiu by Yang Shiqi). The article "style, edge, overflow in Chu ink, hope and know for loyal officials and righteous men of the text.". His works include cucuji, guanganlu, Lei Bian Lun Yu (two volumes), Guangyan Tai Chi Tu (one volume), Xiaoxu and Shipu Jiyi (three volumes), Gangchang Yifan (twelve volumes), Shipu, Jiaxun and Jinsi Ji, etc. The world said: "the festival is enough to inspire the world, the text is enough to pass.".

Achievement and honor

Taizu once asked him what he was doing at home, and he replied, "teach people, filial piety, Li Tian." Taizu was pleased with it and was promoted to the state of Zhou. In the second year, he moved to King Zhou's residence for Jishan, then changed it to King Heng's residence for Jishan, and entered the Imperial Academy for pre compilation. He was a upright official, a good recommending scholar, and a great statesman. After Yan Bing crossed the Huaihe River, he and Xiao wrote a letter on the road to denounce the user, but they were not moved. After the fall of the capital, he left a book for his friends to explain his future affairs. Then he got dressed and went to Tianfu school. He paid homage to his master and committed suicide in Zunwei Pavilion. He was 49 years old. Zhou is a rich scholar, a hundred classics, yin and Yang medicine divination, no barrier to poverty. His works include more than 20 kinds, such as the book of songs, two volumes of Analects of Confucius, one volume of Guangyan Taiji, twelve volumes of Gangchang Yifan, Jinsi collection, rumen collection, three volumes of book of songs preface and Book of songs collection, family instructions, and so on. Chu Bi Ji was written by his grandson Zhou Ying. It was first engraved in the year of Wanli. In the early Qing Dynasty, due to the war disaster, the book board was incomplete. It was re engraved in Kangxi and Daoguang.

Zhou Shixiu's thought is not divorced from the tradition of three cardinal principles and five constant principles and benevolence, justice and morality, so he concentrated on advocating benevolence, justice and morality. When he was appointed as Jipu, he wrote "the words of protecting the country" and "ten precepts for virtuous kings to cultivate themselves" to persuade the king. He advised the vassal kings to "be ethical, respect heaven's justice, be loyal to the king, be filial to their parents, be with brothers, be upright inside and outside, be virtuous, accept admonition, observe etiquette and law, be content, know enough, show compassion for the poor, establish a good heart, do good deeds, and protect fame and integrity", and to be honest, respectful, benevolent, diligent, and modest We should be cautious, forgiving, contented, calm and keep our name. There are also "caution against confusion" and "warning with the proverb" pointed out that the general people in the "speech", "movement", "thinking", "for", "music", "worry", "take", "and" seek "," love "," evil "," let "and other aspects of the do and improper things, do the wrong things must be corrected immediately, otherwise there will be disaster; there are also when others" noise "," anger "," faint "," song "," adverse "," evil " "I" should take a correct attitude and response to "I", "thin", "Turbid", "heavy", "proud" and "false". Its foothold is benevolence, justice and morality. It is regarded as the standard of building a country and a person. He also talked about the benefits of ethics.

personal works

There are more than 20 kinds of his works, such as Shi Pu, Lun Yu Lei Bian, Guang Yan Tai Chi Tu, gang Chang Yi fan, Jin Si Ji, Chu Bi Ji, etc.

When he was appointed as king Ji Pu, he wrote "to protect the country" and "ten admonitions for virtuous kings to cultivate themselves", as well as "admonitions for caution and doubts" and "admonitions for warning"

Social evaluation

The world said: "the festival is enough to inspire the world, the text is enough to pass.".

Historical records

History of the Ming Dynasty

Zhou Shixiu is a man of Taihe. At the end of Hongwu's reign, he taught Huoqiu the scriptures of Ming Dynasty. Taizu asked what home furnishings were for. He said to him, "teach your children, teach them to make a field." Taizuxi was promoted to the state of Zhou to worship Zheng. More than years later, he went from Wang Beizheng to Heishan and moved to Jishan. In the first year of Jianwen, there were those who sued the king for lawlessness, and all the officials were officials. It is to remonstrate the king and change the good discipline of Hengfu. King Heng, mother and brother of emperor Hui, Wei Zhizhen. It is to cultivate and retain the capital, to prepare the Imperial Academy, to recommend scholars, and to explain the national plan. Yan Bing crossed the Huaihe River, and Xiao used the Dao Shangshu to denounce the users. The anger of those who use it, and the total frustration, is that Xiuyi does not move. After the fall of the capital, he left a letter to bid farewell to his friends Jiang zhonglong, Xie Jin, Hu Jing, Xiao Yongdao and Yang Shiqi. With a robe, for Zan department. He entered the Tianfu school and finished his studies with his first teacher. He was 49 years old in Zunjing Pavilion. The king of Yan is the emperor. Chen Yingyan is not in accordance with the destiny. Please chase and kill. The emperor said, "if you eat your salary, do not ask yourself."

He is a man of hard work both outside and inside. It's not true. It's not true. Taste said: "loyal officials regardless of gains and losses, so all the words are straight; martyrs do not worry about life and death, so all the deeds are fruitless." Try to collect ancient and modern Zhongjie events as Guangan Lu. He learned from a hundred schools of classics and history, yin and Yang medicine divination, which is not easy to study. For Wen Yuan's writing, he set up an elegant style. At the beginning, he died with Shi Qi, Jin, Jing, Jin Youzi, Huang Huai and Hu Yan. In the face of adversity, it is only practice that can fulfill its ambition.

To criticize Fang Xiaoru is really a dilemma for me. I have a sharp feeling of gossiping about such a person who was regarded as a model of scholars more than 400 years ago. But if you don't say it, it's like sticking in the throat. Better in the back than in the throat, let's say it!

Fang Xiaoru, a native of Ninghai, Zhejiang Province, is a child prodigy. The child prodigy met a famous teacher, Song Lian, a famous scholar in the early Ming Dynasty. Song Lian's family is full of famous people, among whom there is Prince Zhu Biao, but he is not as good as Fang Xiaoru.

Fang Xiaoru's father, Fang Keqin, was the magistrate of Jining in Shandong Province in the fourth year of Hongwu. He has been wearing a cloth robe for more than ten years. He does not eat meat twice a day and refuses to accept any tribute from his subordinates. He was very kind to his friends. Some officials who were relegated by the imperial court had passed through his jurisdiction, sending money, goods and cars. Under the leadership of Fang Keqin, Jining is rich in goods and people, and the local people express their love for the mayor with songs: "who relieved my corvee is the strength of Mr. Fang; who cured my crops is the rain and dew of Mr. Fang; the imperial court must not let Mr. Fang go! He is the parents of the people. " The honest and upright officials could not escape the tyrant's trap. Fang Keqin was later unjustly killed because of the "empty seal case", one of the three major cases in the early Ming Dynasty.

After graduating from his mentor Song Lian, Fang Xiaoru met Zhu Yuanzhang, who killed his father, because he was recommended. When Zhu Yuanzhang saw his dignified manner, he said to the crown prince, "this gentleman should be an old man." After being received by Emperor Zhu, he went back to work. After waiting for ten years, I met Zhu Yuanzhang again. Zhu Yuanzhang said, "this is not the time to use filial piety and children." Let him be a professor in the Fuxue of Hanzhong (from the junior official of Jiupin). Fang Xiaoru is dedicated to his work and has made great achievements in his position as a professor in Hanzhong. Zhu Chun, king of Shu (the eleventh son of Zhu Yuanzhang), heard about it and hired him as his successor's teacher. The king of Shu respected him very much and named the place where he studied as "Zhengxue", and Fang Xiaoru was later called "Mr. Zhengxue".

When Zhu Yuanzhang died, his grandson Zhu Yunwen succeeded to the throne of emperor Hui. It was time to use Fang Xiaoru. Zhu Yunwen summoned him from Hanzhong to Nanjing to serve as a scholar of Imperial Academy. In the second year, he was promoted to a Bachelor of Imperial Academy. His position was not high, and he was promoted from five grades (the county magistrate of Neixiang County in Henan Province, which now has a complete county government of Ming and Qing Dynasties, is a five grade official). However, the emperor relied heavily on Fang Xiaoru, who was a senior official in government affairs. When the emperor encountered difficult problems in his study, Fang Xiaoru was a teacher of learning. When the emperor went to the court to deal with government affairs, he sometimes ordered Fang Xiaoru to reply to his ministers' suggestions on the spot. Fang Xiaoru was also the president of the compilation of Taizu Shilu. After Zhu Di set up his army, the imperial court attacked him

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Shi Xiu