Jiang Yong

Jiang Yong

Jiang Yong (1878-1960), named Yiyun and later named danweng, was born in Bishan, Sichuan (now Bishan District, Chongqing). He is a modern Chinese jurist, one of the founders of modern Chinese legal education and a social activist. He studied in Japan in his early years and graduated from Waseda University in 1906.

After returning to China, he was given the legal and political examination. He once served as a judge of the Dali court of the Manchu Qing government, director of the capital high court of the Beiyang government, chief justice, President of the University of political science and law, President of Chaoyang University, etc. In 1926, he moved to Shanghai and worked as a lawyer. His office was set up at 33 Sichuan Road. He once volunteered to defend the seven gentlemen of the National Salvation Association. In 1949, at the invitation of Mao Zedong's handwriting, he attended the first plenary session of the first Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and was elected a member of the CPPCC National Committee. He died in 1960.

Life of the characters

Born in 1878 in Bishan, Sichuan (now Bishan District, Chongqing), his ancestor huaiting was the magistrate of Bishan County.

In 1901, he went to Japan to study in Chengcheng school, and then in Waseda University.

In 1906, he graduated and returned to China to serve as a member of the Department of law and the general teacher of the Beijing law and political school. He was also a full-time editor and general teacher of the law school.

In 1907, he was transferred to the magistrate of the detailed Department of Dali court

In 1908, he was awarded the first grade in the Ministry of justice examination.

In 1909, he took part in the examination for returned overseas students. He won the fourth place in the first class, and was awarded the sixth grade judge of Dali yuan. He also served as the supervisor of Beijing law school.

In 1911, as a member of Tang Shaoyi's entourage, he participated in the north south peace negotiation with the southern revolutionary army.

Founded in 1912 in the Republic of China, he continued to serve as a judge of the Dali court and President of the Beiping special school of law and politics; in September, he served as director of the higher judicial department of the capital.

From 1913 to 1917, he served as Deputy Minister of justice. When Wang Shizhen formed the cabinet

Chief Justice

.

From 1918 to 1920, he was the general supervisor of Japanese students.

In 1920, he served as the president of the law compilation and retrieval library, and concurrently served as the

The Palace Museum

Curator.

In 1924, because of dissatisfaction with the rule of Cao Kun, he resigned from public office, set up a law firm and founded a law weekly

Thammasat University

principal.

In September 1925, he was sent to Guangzhou by the Beiyang government to investigate the "Shamian Massacre". In the same month, he served as a Chinese member of the Sino Japanese general committee of Oriental culture.

In the early 1920s, he and Wang Youling founded private Chaoyang University in Beijing. He served as president from 1927 to 1939.

In 1926, he moved to Shanghai and worked as a lawyer. He once volunteered to defend the seven gentlemen of the National Salvation Association. During the Anti Japanese War, he refused to be appointed as a puppet for many times.

In July 1938, he was elected a member of the National Council.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he continued to carry out the lawyer's business and repeatedly refused to be appointed to the Kuomintang government. In January 1949, he was invited by Li Zongren to Peiping to seek peace.

In the autumn of 1949, at the invitation of Mao Zedong's handwriting, he attended the first plenary session of the first Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and was elected a member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference.

After the founding of new China, he served as a member of the political and Legal Committee of the State Council.

In 1950, he was a member of the people's Supervision Commission of the East China military and political Commission.

From 1953 to 1960, he served as deputy director and director of Shanghai Municipal Museum of literature and history.

On February 9, 1960, he died of illness in Shanghai at the age of 82.

He is a deputy to the first and second National People's Congress. He has written many poems, travel notes and legal works.

Working as a lawyer

Since Chiang Kai Shek came to power in 1927, he didn't work in the Kuomintang government, and basically worked as a lawyer. As an intellectual, Jiang Yong showed great courage and integrity. He was respected by the intellectuals and the political circles, and also received the attention of the ruling authorities. In 1936, he worked as a lawyer in Shanghai, when the "seven gentlemen incident" of the National Salvation Association shocked China and foreign countries broke out. The cultural and intellectual circles led by Song Qingling launched a strong resistance and rescue activities, and the legal circles formed a strong team of defense lawyers headed by Jiang Yong and Zhang zhirang. At that time, most of the judges in the court were Jiang Yong's disciples and subordinates. As a lawyer, he appeared in court to defend the persecuted "seven gentlemen", which had a great influence.

Take part in the Anti Japanese and national salvation movement

After the September 18th Incident, Japanese imperialism occupied three provinces in Northeast China and established the puppet Manchukuo. Jiang Yong published an article in the newspaper, denouncing the Japanese aggressor's crime of aggression, and named Zhao Boxin, a student in the puppet post, to betray his country and join the enemy. He declared that he was divorced from the relationship between teachers and students. At the beginning of 1936, he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council of the Nanjing National Government. In June, he represented the Chinese Bar Association at the World Conference of the International Bar Association held in Vienna and returned to China via Moscow in October.

Shortly after the outbreak of the July 7th incident, Shanghai became an isolated island. The Japanese and puppets organized the puppet regime in Nanjing and ordered the traitor Wen Zongyao to take over Jiang Yong as a puppet, but he refused. In July 1938, Jiang Yong was elected as a member of the presidium of the second National Political Consultative Conference at the National Political Consultative Conference held in Hankou. During his stay in Wuhan, Chiang Kai Shek, fearing that Wu Peifu would become the head of the puppet government in North China, once asked Jiang Yong to write a letter to resist Japan's persuasion. Wu replied that he would adhere to national integrity.

Fight against civil war for peace

In 1946, Chiang Kai Shek provoked an all-out civil war. Jiang Yong declared openly: "I have always opposed civil war. Jiang Yong was still a member of the presidium of the National Political Council at that time. In November 1946, he refused to participate in the National Assembly run by the Kuomintang. In 1948, Chiang Kai Shek appointed Jiang Yong as "chief justice" by "presidential decree", and Jiang Yong wrote a letter to him.

At the beginning of 1949, Li Zongren became the acting president of the Republic of China and began to negotiate peace with the Communist Party. President Li Dai was eager to find several non party democratic personages acceptable to the Communist Party to go to Peiping to try to knock on the door of the peace talks. Li made a special trip to Shanghai to invite Jiang Yong, Yan Huiqing, Zhang Shizhao and others to Peiping. Jiang et al. Said: peace negotiation is popular and we are willing to have a try, but we are neither National Party members nor in the national government, so we should take representatives of public opinion as the best choice. Li also thought it was, so he formed the "Shanghai People's peace delegation" with three members. Another was Shao Lizi, a National Party member who always advocated the Republic of China talks, and went with him in his private capacity. On February 14, 1949“

Senior four

”Get to Peiping. Appointed by Chairman Mao, Ye Jianying talked with the four people separately. Jiang Yong said: "peace is in line with the psychology of the people of the whole country. It is not the Communist Party but Chiang Kai Shek who wants to fight civil war. Today, when Chiang Kai Shek steps down, Li Zongren expressed his desire for peace. Although he does not have enough weight, the Communist party should not refuse him." Ye said he would convey it on his behalf. On February 19, Ye Jianying conveyed that the resumption of peace talks had been permitted by Chairman Mao. On February 22, accompanied by Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan, the "four elders" arrived at Xibaipo and were welcomed by Zhou Enlai and Yang Shangkun.

Chairman Mao Zedong and the "four elders" met twice, each time for more than an hour. Although Jiang Yong met chairman Mao in Chongqing in 1945, he didn't talk about it in depth, so he was able to see his style and listen to his teachings. Mao didn't talk about politics and military affairs. He just talked casually and freely. These two talks made Jiang Yong admire Chairman Mao even more. Mao once asked, "why did Chiang Kai Shek fail?" Jiang Yong replied: "I think the main reason is that we can't use people, we can only use slaves, we can't use talents." Mao nodded and said, "we Communists are willing to recruit people who can work for the people. You are welcome to recommend talents."

Invited to participate in the new CPPCC

One day in the autumn of 1949, Jiang Yong received a letter in his own lawyer's office in Shanghai. In the "Chinese people's Revolutionary Military Commission sealed" a few red lettered lettering on the top of the impressively show a large "Mao" character. Jiang Yong hastened to open the book, but saw the full text as follows: "Mr. Yi Yun: Thank you very much. With the rapid development of the current situation, it is necessary for the new CPPCC to be held quickly. I'd like to invite Mr. Yan Renjun and Mr. Yan Huiqing to attend. I don't know if I can make it? Mr. Xu (i.e. Xu Cairong, a jurist, recommended by Jiang Yong to Chairman Mao) has asked the comrades in the field of law to pay attention to continuation. Cao Fu. Good luck! Mao Zedong. "

Jiang Yong, who was 71 years old at that time, attended the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from September 21 to 30, 1949 as a specially invited representative. He was elected as a member of the first National Committee of the CPPCC and went to Tiananmen Square on the afternoon of October 1, witnessing the founding of the people's Republic of China. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Jiang Yong was elected a member of the political and Legal Committee of the State Council, a deputy to the first and second National People's congresses, a member of the supervisory committee of the East China military and political Commission, and a deputy director and the second director of the Shanghai Municipal Museum of culture and history. He died in Shanghai on February 9, 1960 at the age of 82.

Donating cultural relics to the country

After his death, he left 3000 yuan and 2000 yuan in government bonds. Before his death, his testamentary wife Xu Chen asked Xu Senyu of the Shanghai Municipal Commission of cultural administration to identify the cultural relics in his home. All the valuable ones were donated to the country by their families, totaling 122 pieces.

Character works

During his lifetime, Mr. Jiang Yong wrote a variety of poetry, travel notes and legal works, such as the Miscellaneous Poems on a journey to the South published in 1927, the half moon in Taiwan published in 1929, the essays on courting published by the Publishing Department of Chaoyang University in 1934 (reprinted by Taiwan Wenhai Publishing House in 1967), Shu you cao published by Chongqing Dadong publishing house in 1946, the poetry anthology of Dan Dang Ge and Han man anthology published in 1957 Gongcuoji, xuanhu Ji and Rushu Ji were published by Central Literature Publishing House in 2001《

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Yong