LV Dalin

LV Dalin

Lu Dalin (1042-1090), a Chinese scholar of epigraphy in Song Dynasty, is a famous scholar of Chinese characters. Jingzhao Lantian (today's Lantian, Shaanxi Province) is one of the "four LVS of Lantian"!

Basic introduction

Lu Dalin is a native of Jingzhao Lantian. His grandfather, Lu Tong, was once a doctor of Taichang. His father was a doctor of Bibu. Lu Yu had six sons. One died young, and five of them were admitted to the imperial examination. Today, only four brothers, Lu Dazhong, Lu Dafang, Lu Dajun and Lu Dalin, have history to study. The four brothers all worked in the court of the Northern Song Dynasty. They not only had a certain political influence, but also made great achievements and contributions in the cultural and academic fields. He is the representative of Guan Xue. With the support and joint efforts of his compatriots and brothers, Lu Dajun wrote the "Lv's village treaty" and "Xiang Yi". The "village treaty" mainly proposes that the same person should be "advised by virtue and industry", "regulated by fault", "intersected by etiquette and custom" and "compassionate in adversity". After the implementation, it reversed the chaotic situation of the prevalence of Buddhism and the decline of Confucian ethics since the Han and Wei dynasties, and played a practical role in the transformation of Customs in Guanzhong. His main works are notes to four books and collection of Chengde. It should be specially pointed out that when Zhang Zai, the Neo Confucianism ambassador, began to give lectures in Guanzhong, LV Dajun was the first to make peace with him. His younger brothers Dazhong and Dalin respected Zhang Zai as their teacher one after another, which led the scholars of Guanzhong to study in zhangmen. In historical records, Wang (i.e. Zhang Zai) advocated Taoism in Guanzhong, where there was no harmony. Mr. Lu Dajun was a friend of the same year in Hengqu. He was happy and kind-hearted, so he held the disciple ceremony. As a result, the scholars were all aware of the trend, which made "Guanxue depressed all over Qinchuan" and formed a situation that "Guanxue was prosperous, but not inferior to Luoxue". Although LV Dafang was not a member of Zhang Zai's family, the song and Yuan academic records recorded that he was in the same tune with Zhang Zai. After Zhang Zai resigned and returned to Hengqu (now Meixian County, Shaanxi Province) to give lectures, LV Dafang once recommended to song Shenzong to resume his official post again. Later, he issued an imperial edict for taichangli hospital. Because of his disagreement with Li Guan, he resigned and went to Lintong, where he died of illness. These facts show that the leader and ideological pillar of Guan Xue is Zhang Zai, and the political and economic pillar of Guan Xue is Lantian zhulv. This is an important political factor for the formation and development of Guan Xue, which is in opposition to Cheng Luo's and Wang Anshi's new learning. In addition, because of the academic achievements of the four brothers, Huang Zongxi, a famous thinker in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, called "Lu family the Lantian School of Guanzhong school" in the song and Yuan academic case. Among the four LVS, LV Dalin's academic contribution is the most outstanding. Although he ascended the throne, he became an official in the name of "not daring to conceal the virtue of his ancestors"; although he was in the official career, he was concerned with academic studies. He and his elder brothers LV Dazhong and LV Dajun followed Zhang Zai and devoted themselves to the study of the six classics, especially in the intensive study and practice of Sanli. He was one of the disciples of zhulv and Zhangzai who made the greatest contribution to the development of Guanxue.

Life experience

In his whole life, Lu Dalin first went to Zhang Zai, then to Cheng to study. He didn't want to be an official. Finally, he got a doctor of Taixue by menyin, and became a secretary.

Lu Dalin and his three elder brothers, Lu Dazhong, Lu Dafang, and Lu Dajun, were all born in a family of literate officials. All four of them were born in the same family. Only Lu Dalin had a strong temperament. He respected Mr. Hengqu's teaching that he would not stay in the imperial examination, and he had no intention of official career and pursued academic research all his life. At that time, the erudite scholars headed by Zhang Zai emerged in Guanzhong area, which was regarded as "Guan school" by later generations. Lu brothers are also recognized as Guan scholars. Lu Dalin, together with their elder brothers, Lu Dazhong and Lu Dajun, devoted themselves to Zhang Zai's study and devoted themselves to the study of the six classics, especially the study and practice of the three rites (i.e. Yili, Zhouli and Liji). In his later years, he began to collect and study bronzes and annotate them.

In the seventh year of Yuanyou (1092), fan Zuyu recommended him to the imperial court as a lecturer for the imperial doctor because of his outstanding academic behavior and personality. But before he could appoint him, he died at the age of 47.

Study experience

Although LV Dalin worshipped Zhang Zai as his teacher, he also highly praised Cheng er. In 1066, Zhang Zai was invited to give lectures in Chang'an by Wang Ledao, the chief executive of the northwest. During the lecture, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, the famous Neo Confucianists of the Luo school, came to Guanzhong to give lectures. After listening to them, LV Dalin felt that their theories were very insightful and greatly impressed. After Zhang Zai's death, he went to Luoyang to worship Cheng Yi as his teacher. During this period, he recorded and collected the quotations of Cheng ER and wrote dongjianlu, which provided a lot of rare first-hand information for later scholars to study Luoxue.

After Zhang Zai's death, although Lu Dalin transferred his teacher to Cheng ER and became a master of Cheng, he did not give up the basic ideological purpose of Guan Xue and became the most powerful defender of Guan Xue. In this regard, Er Cheng repeatedly stated: "Lu and uncle Shou Hengqu are very solid in learning, and they all follow each other when there is nothing to say in every Hengqu. Only when they have something to say, they refuse to return." Cheng also said: "scholars in Guanzhong, from today's point of view, master died and then recited it, but no one has been seen, just no more talk about it." It is precisely because Guanzhong scholars did not betray their teacher's teaching and theory that, after Zhang Zai's death, Guanzhong learning did not "repeat" but still spread and had many private disciples. From the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, there were many believers and disseminators of Guan Xue. They were defending, spreading, carrying forward and practicing Guan Xue, which made Guan Xue develop continuously and the spirit of Guan Xue develop continuously.

Whether he studied under Zhang Zai or later changed to follow Er Cheng, Lu Dalin enjoyed a high reputation. Zhang Zai's younger brother Zhang Jian married his daughter to LV Dalin because of his outstanding knowledge and literary talent. His wife said to people, "I'll take Yan Hui as my son-in-law." this shows that he attaches great importance to LV Dalin. After changing to follow Er Cheng, among the disciples of Er Cheng at that time, Lu Dalin, Xie Liangzuo, you you and Yang Shi were called "the fourth master of Cheng men" by the time because of his profound knowledge. Cheng praised his "deep and meticulous" learning and "deep and mellow self-cultivation, wonderful and reasonable". Zhu Xi, a famous Neo Confucianist in the Southern Song Dynasty, thinks that LV Dalin '. Zhu Xi attached great importance to Lu Dalin and thought that if he was only like Lu Nian, that is to say, he would not have achieved such a high academic achievement. Because of his excellent virtue, knowledge and talent, many people mourn his untimely death. When Su Shi visited Lantian in his later years, there was a poem called "Wan LV and uncle and Bachelor", which said: "in words, you can seek advice while in deeds, and the figures in Guanxi can be counted as Qingying. If you want to stay all day, you don't know Lu shankong's life. Talk about withered three and friends, meritorious service pay two difficult brother. When I am old, I still feel sad and sigh. Where can I pour my tears now? " Cheng Yi, the teacher of Lu Dalin, was very sad about his early death. Three years after his death, Cheng Yi "read and edited" yongxinglu "and recalled the scene of" scholars from guanxi "in the past, which was" thinking about the unfortunate early death of his uncle, weeping for him ". This not only reflects Cheng Yi's true feelings, but also shows Lu Dalin's reputation and status in the academic circles at that time. In the history of Neo Confucianism in song and Ming Dynasties, such scholars as Lu Dalin, who successively studied the founders of two important schools of Neo Confucianism, were regarded as representative figures by both schools, and were highly praised by famous Neo Confucianists at that time and later generations, were extremely rare. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to call him a neo Confucianist.

The development of Guanxue

"Guanxue" is one of the important schools in the pioneering stage of Neo Confucianism. Because his founder Zhang Zai lived in Guanzhong and most of his disciples were from Guanzhong, he was later called Guanzhong school. Zhang Zai's Guanxue, Zhou Dunyi's Lianxue, Cheng Hao's and Cheng Yi's Luoxue, and Zhu Xi's Minxue in the Southern Song Dynasty are four schools of Neo Confucianism. The materialist cosmology based on Qi created by him is the first philosophical system in the history of Chinese philosophy to systematically explain the world movement with Qi and Yin and Yang. His works are considered to be the representative works of Neo Confucianism, and they were the necessary books for scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, as an independent school of thought in Neo Confucianism, Guan Xue is different from other schools. Guan Xue advocated that "practicality is the most important thing" and demanded that learning be applied. He tried to connect academic thoughts with political, economic, military and other issues in the real society, serve the reality and oppose the style of study of empty talk. Guan Xue pays attention to practical knowledge and the characteristics of social practical problems, which is totally different from the later Neo Confucianists who only know "bow their heads and bow their hands and talk about their lives". In addition, Guan Xue paid special attention to the restoration of the ancient etiquette system, especially the ceremony of sacrificing the wedding crowns, and tried to correct the popular etiquette which was not in accordance with the ancient etiquette at that time.

As an outstanding representative of Guanxue, on the one hand, Lu Dalin, together with other brothers, strongly supported and promoted the spread and development of Guanxue; on the other hand, he actively practiced and developed Zhang Zai's thoughts and theories, and made many innovations. He always adheres to Zhang Zai's simple materialism of monism that "Qi" is the origin of human beings and all things. Along Zhang Zai's thinking path, he continues to demonstrate the theories of "the unity of heaven and man", "one person in the world" and "all things in one", which embodies the broad mind and salvation spirit of "benevolence to the people and love things". At the same time, according to Zhang Zai's dialectical thought of "one thing, two bodies", he puts forward the theory of "the unity of heaven and man", "one person in the world" and "all things in one" 》In Laozi's notes and other works, he put forward his own dialectic thought of "one body and two uses", "life is endless", "news with the times" and "knowing things at any time", as well as his understanding of the changing law of things, adapting to the changing situation of things, making good use of the situation, and constantly changing the new development concept. He believes that if we "stick to one, we will encounter danger.

Personal works

Lu Dalin wrote a lot of works in his life. In addition to archaeological map and interpretation of archaeological map, there are yizhangju (Volume 1), Yunge Liji (Volume 16), Lunyu (Volume 10), Zhongyong (Volume 1), Laozi Zhu (Volume 2), Yuxi Ji (Volume 25), Yuxi Bieji (Volume 10), Ximing Ji (Volume 1) and Bianli (Volume 25)

Chinese PinYin : Lv Da Lin