Wen Zhengming

Wen Zhengming

Wen Zhengming (November 28, 1470-march 28, 1559), formerly known as Bi (or Bi), has a character of Zhengming. Since he was 42 years old, he has been using this character to represent Zhong. Because the ancestors of Hengshan people, so Hengshan Jushi, known as "wenhengshan.". Nanzhili is a native of Changzhou county (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). Painters, calligraphers, writers and collectors in Ming Dynasty.

Wen Zhengming studied literature in Wu Kuan, calligraphy in Li Yingzhen and painting in Shen Zhou. He failed in the nine local examinations in his life. In the second year of Jiajing reign (1523), he took the examination of the Ministry of official affairs as a year old Gongsheng, and was granted the post of waiting for imperial edict in the Imperial Academy. In the fifth year of Jiajing (1526), Wen Zhengming resigned and returned home, specializing in creation.

On February 20, 1559, Wen Zhengming died at the age of 90. His disciple's private posthumous title was Zhenxian.

Wen Zhengming is excellent in poetry, writing, calligraphy and painting. He is known as "the four great masters". Together with Shen Zhou, he created "Wu School". Together with Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and Qiu Ying, they are known as the "four schools of Ming Dynasty" in the history of painting. In literature, Zhu Yunming, Tang Yin and Xu Zhenqing are called "the four talents of Wuzhong".

(general drawing reference) < / I >

Life of the characters

Early years

Wen Zhengming was born on November 28, 1470 in caojia lane, northwest of Deqing bridge, Changzhou County, Suzhou city.

In 1474, Wen Zhengming's father Wenlin served as the county magistrate of Yongjia, Wenzhou, and his mother Qi took Wen Zhengming's brothers to Wenlin to take office. Soon after, Qi and his Zhengming brothers returned to their hometown in Suzhou.

On May 27, 1476, his mother Qi died, and Wen Zhengming was brought up by his grandmother.

In 1477, 8-year-old Wen Zhengming could not speak. Some people suspected that he was an idiot, but his father Wen Lin valued him very much and thought that he would be a late bloomer.

In 1480, at the age of 11, Wen began to speak, so he studied in a foreign school.

In the 18th year of Chenghua (1482), his father Wenlin was appointed county magistrate of Boping, accompanied by Wen Zhengming.

In the 21st year of Chenghua (1485), Wenlin went to the capital because of his performance appraisal, and wenzhengming accompanied him. Soon after, Wen Lin was appointed as the Prime Minister of Taipusi temple in Nanjing. He asked for leave to return to his hometown in Suzhou, where Wen Zhengming accompanied him. After returning to Suzhou, Wen Zhengming made friends with Tang Yin and Du Mu, and began to learn poetry from Du Mu and compare painting skills with Tang Yin.

In the 22nd year of Chenghua (1486), Wenlin went to Chuzhou (now Chuxian County, Anhui Province) to be the Prime Minister of Taipusi. Wen Zhengming accompanied him and began to study poetry with his father's colleague, the young minister of Taipusi.

In the first year of Hongzhi (1488), Wen Zhengming returned to Suzhou from Anhui Province and took part in the local examination. He won the Changzhou County entrance examination. However, because his handwriting was too ugly at the time of the examination, he was placed in the third grade by the examiners and failed in the examination. From then on, he began to study calligraphy.

Advance in both writing and writing

In the second year of Hongzhi (1489), the academic officials were very strict, and they were rigidly bound by grammar and liked to extract sentences from chapters. Although Wen Zhengming practiced the formula, he was reluctant to learn it from the bottom of his heart. In the same year, he began to follow Shen Zhou to learn painting.

In the spring of 1490, he went to Chuzhou to visit his father.

In the fourth year of Hongzhi (1491), Wen Zhengming studied calligraphy with Li Yingzhen, the young minister of Taipu temple in Nanjing, as the son of his colleagues.

In 1492, his father returned home for health reasons, and Wen Zhengming followed him home. In the same year, Wen Zhengming married the third daughter of Wu Yu in Kunshan.

In the autumn of the sixth year of Hongzhi (1493), Wen Zhengming went to Jiangpu and followed his father's orders to study with Zhuang Chang. In the winter of the same year, he left his teacher and returned home.

In the seventh year of Hongzhi (1494), he wrote the seven ancient poem "inscribe your son-in-law Wang Shizhen and outline bamboo"; in the same year, he got an ancient inkstone, named "five stars", and wrote a poem to record it.

In the eighth year of Hongzhi (1495), Wen Zhengming began to study ancient prose with Wu Kuan under the guidance of his father. In the autumn of the same year, he went to Nanjing for the first time to attend the rural examination, but failed in the examination, but met Gu Li, Chen Yi, Wang Wei and Xu Lin in Jinling. In the same year, he painted the picture of Jinjiao falling.

In 1496, Wen Zhengming painted Yunshan scroll for Huang Yun.

Repeated non-s

In the 10th year of Hongzhi (1497), he was associated with Xu Zhenqing, Qian Tongai, Zhu Kai and Zhang Ling.

In the 11th year of Hongzhi (1498), he wrote four poems of chanting Wen Xin's state affairs, and drew a picture of Wen Tianxiang. In April, his father Wenlin became the magistrate of Wenzhou, and Wen Zhengming came to Wenzhou with his father to prepare for the imperial examination. I lived for four months. In autumn, I went to Yingtian (Nanjing) to take the local examination, but I didn't get it.

At the beginning of June in 1499, Wenlin's father became ill during his tenure as governor of Wenzhou. Wen Zhengming learned that his father was seriously ill and rushed to Wenzhou with his doctor from Suzhou. However, Wenlin died on June 7. Wenlin is clean and honest. After his death, there was not a Wenzhou thing in his suitcase, and even a pair of shoes were brought by his hometown. Wenzhou officials and people voluntarily gathered thousands of money to do funerals for him. Wen Zhengming followed his father's instructions and refused all funerals.

In the 13th year of Hongzhi (1500), he wrote a poem entitled "sunset and grass parting in the south of the Yangtze River" for Shen Runqing's collection of Zheng Suo Nan Hua Lan. In the same year, in memory of the year of his father's death, Wen Zhengming painted "Fengmu Tu" and wrote a poem to express his sorrow.

In September 1501, he wrote a long poem entitled "Mr. Shitian's painting" to comment on Shen Zhou's works.

In the autumn of 1502, the 15th year of Hongzhi, he painted the picture of deep and beautiful streams and mountains. In the same year, he inscribed in cursive script the seven ancient poems of "slanting sun, turning waves, mountain and steeping upside down" on the picture of stone wall of Huangmao by Tang Yin.

In the spring of 1503, he visited Huqiu with Tang Yin and Xu Zhenqing, and drew a picture of clouds in a thousand hectares of Huqiu. In the same year, he toured Xishan with Xu Zhenqing, and wrote poems to harmonize with each other. The poems to harmonize with each other were inscribed as new records of Taihu lake.

In the spring of 1504, Shen Zhou wrote ten poems of falling flowers. Wen Zhengming and Xu Zhenqing wrote them in harmony, but Shen Zhou was very happy. In July, Wen Zhengming took part in Yingtian rural examination for the third time, but failed. Later, he visited the Minister of Taichang temple, LV Yao, who continued to write the poem of falling flowers. In October, Wen Zhengming recorded all these poems in small regular script. In the same year, he observed Yan Liben's paintings in Tang Dynasty and Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy in Yuan Dynasty, and wrote postscripts for them. In the same year, his friend dug up the ground and got a hand carved stone from Song Gaozong to Yue Fei, for which Wen Zhengming wrote the poem Manjianghong. In the same year, Wu Kuan died, and Wen Zhengming wrote four poems of Mr. kupaoan.

On the seventh day of the first month of the 18th year of Hongzhi (1505), he and his friends Zhu Cunli, Wu Ziming, Qian Tongai, and his students Chen Chun collected in their own cloud Pavilion and painted the painting scroll of man and day poems. In the spring of the same year, Xu Guoyong and Wu Xun visited in the rain one after another, and Wen Zhengming presented them with paintings. In the autumn of the same year, he and Zhu Yunming and Wang Fan wrote the poem of white lotus. At that time, Wang was just at home because of Ding's father's worries, and Wen Zhengming was following him to study.

In March of the first year of Zhengde (1506), Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty painted the picture of the beginning of the river and mountain and presented it to Chen Chun. In April, at the invitation of Wang Wei, he and Du Qi, Pu Yingxiang, Zhu Yunming, Cai Yu, Zhu Cunli and Xing Shen completed the revision of Gusu Zhi, and wrote the preface to the revision of Gusu Zhi written by Du Qi in regular script.

In the second year of Zhengde (1507), his brother Wen kuiyin was in trouble. Wen Zhengming tried every means to reconcile and maintain his brother, and it took him a month to solve the problem successfully. On May 11, he went to Xiangcheng to visit Shen Zhou, who asked him to hook up the Tang Mo long live Tongtian Jintie collected by Wuxi Huashi. In the autumn of the same year, Wen Zhengming failed in the Yingtian rural examination for the fourth time.

In February 1508, he painted the picture of high leisure in the gully for Lin Fu, the Minister of Changzhou education in Putian. On February 15, he went up to Tianping mountain with Wu Xun, Chen Chun, Qian Tongai and Zhu Kai to draw the picture of Tianping mountain. On March 20, he observed Zhao Mengfu's running script song of Yanjiang diezhang collected by Wang Xianchen, so he made up the picture of Yanjiang diezhang. In the autumn of the same year, he drew the axis of the picture of storing chrysanthemums for Wang Wen. On August 15, he wrote a poem of sending Dai Zhao off, which combined with the poems of Shen Zhou, Zhu Yunming, Tang Yin, Yang Xunji, Xing Shen, Zhu Cunli and other 32 people to form Chuihong bieyi volume.

In the spring of the fourth year of Zhengde (1509), he wrote the old painting of Tongyin Gaoshi for Yanbin in Jinling. In the same year, Zhu Yingdeng was promoted from the head of Nanjing household department to the magistrate of Yanping, and Wen Zhengming bid farewell to the painting of Jianpu Chunyun. On the second day of August, Shen Zhou died. Wen Zhengming wrote two poems "crying for Mr. Shitian" and wrote "the deeds of Mr. Shen", and asked Wang Wei to write an epitaph At that time, Wen Zhengming did not succeed in his official career. He made a living with pen and ink and wrote poems about sending Chen Yao to beg rice.

On the 28th day of the first month of the fifth year of Zhengde (1510), Zhu chengjue wrote a postscript to Su Shi's father and son. In the same year, he took part in the Yingtian rural examination for the fifth time, but failed in the examination. In the middle of spring, he wrote seven unique poems of Hengtang poetry. In December, he drew a picture of ancient trees and strange peaks. In the winter of the same year, with the help of friends, he repaired the pavilion.

In the sixth year of Zhengde (1511), the character was changed to Zheng Zhong. On December 20, when the water in the sword pool of Huqiu dried up, Wen Zhengming got an ancient brick and carved it into an inkstone. Then he named it "Jinjing" and engraved characters on the inkstone. In the same year, Yu Jian, the imperial envoy of Youjin capital, went to Suzhou and Hangzhou to control the water. He learned that Wen Zhengming was talented but poor. He wanted to help him, but he was rejected by Wen Zhengming When Qing died, Wen Zhengming wrote an article to commemorate him.

virtue

Chinese PinYin : Wen Zheng Ming