By Lu Gong

By Lu Gong

Lu Gong (1018-1089, March 17), the word huishu. Shouzhou (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) people. In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, Lu Yi, an official and scholar, was the third son of Lu Yi bamboo slips.

Lu Gong was born in the Lu family of Donglai. In his early years, because of his kindness, he was appointed as Fengli Lang, and was promoted to the imperial examination hall. Out for Yingzhou Tongtan, tired official LongTuge straight bachelor. Pu Yi, because of remonstrance against the relegation of Yingzong remonstrant official LV Jiao out of Beijing, failed to know caizhou. Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne and called him Hanlin bachelor and Zhitong into Yintai division. Because he failed to dissuade Shenzong from dismissing Sima Guang, he insisted on dismissing Zhitong into Yintai division. Later, he knew Kaifeng Prefecture and paid homage to Zhongcheng. In the third year of Xining reign (1070), Yingzhou was known for its opposition to the new law. Since then, he has successively served as Hanlin bachelor, Chengzhi, Duanming palace bachelor, Tongzhi Privy Council Affairs, Zizheng palace bachelor and so on. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), song zhezong ascended the throne. Empress dowager Gao came to the court. LV Gong was called to the court for his work. He first studied ten things, focusing on "learning". He immediately worshipped you Cheng. In the next year, he went to the imperial court to serve Ying, and then he went to the minister's right servant and Minister of Zhongshu. He joined hands with Sima Guang and changed the Xining new law. After Sima Guang died, he was in power alone. In the third year of Yuanyou (1088), Duke Lu wrote a plea, and was promoted to the rank of Sikong and Pingzhang. At that time, he was known as the honor of Lv. He died the next year, at the age of 72. He was given the title of "Zhengxian" and the title of "pure sincerity and virtue" by his relatives. Later, he was repeatedly demoted and incorporated into the "Yuanyou Party member" status. In the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he was granted a posthumous title.

In his works, Lu Gong said that it was based on the treatment of the mind and the cultivation of the nature, and that the language was reasonable. In the academic history of the Song Dynasty, it opened the end of Lu's learning. He wrote a lot of works in his life, including wuzhoulu, Zhangji of LV Shengong, collection of LV Zhengxian, key words of Lv's filial piety, collection of kuiting, etc.

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Life of the characters

Be fond of learning

Lu Gong was fond of learning when he was young, and even forgot to eat and sleep. Lu Yijian, his father, was very surprised at him and said, "in the future, I will be an assistant minister to the prince." Later, because of his kindness, he was appointed as Fengli Lang and became a Jinshi, so he called for an examination and did not go to his post. He went out to judge Yingzhou and became a friend of Ouyang Xiu. Later, Ouyang Xiu sent an envoy to Khitan. When the Khitan emperor asked the scholars of the Song Dynasty about their learning and virtue, Ouyang Xiu first replied with Lu Gong.

Later, Lu Gong changed his sentence to Nancao, the official department. Song Renzong rewarded him for being indifferent to fame and wealth, and gave him five grade official clothes. He was also appointed to review and judge Taichang temple. Lu Gong wrote: "the former emperors had already built three God imperial halls, but it's not that there is no rich meaning of father temple in sacrificing." The less advanced officials knew how to prepare the patent, and they dismissed it three times. He was appointed to the tianzhang pavilion to serve as a system and an official.

The dispute between Pu and Yi

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< sub > Pu Yi

When song Yingzong was in power, he was a direct Bachelor of LongTuge. At that time, Zhao yunrang, the father of Zhuichong Yingzong, was being discussed. Some people suggested that King Pu should be called huangbokao. Lu Gong wrote: "this is the name of Taizu from Zhenzong. How can it be applied to King Pu?" When the imperial edict was issued to call a relative, and a taboo name was given, Duke Lu said, "calling a relative is suspected of two fathers. King Pu's taboo can be avoided in front of his majesty, and should not be taboo with the seven temples." Lu Xun and others were transferred from the imperial court because of this matter. Lu Gong wrote: "since your majesty is the throne, the wind of accepting admonition has not been publicized, and he has demoted the admonishment officials many times. How can the wind show the world?" Yingzong did not listen. Duke Lu asked for a replacement. Yingzong said, "how can a bachelor leave the imperial court because I value him so much?" Lu Gong's works have been asking to be released as zhicaizhou.

Admonish according to time

In 1067, Zhao Xu, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, ascended to the throne and called LV Gong to be the academician of the Imperial Academy and Zhitong into Yintai. At that time, Sima Guang was dismissed from the post of Zhongcheng and returned to jinglie. Lu Gong wrote an imperial edict, saying: "Sima Guang should not be granted because of his position. This is because those who have the duty of speaking can not do their best." The edict was delivered directly to the cabinet in the form of notice. Lu Gong also said: "it's not up to the government to make orders. So the duty of sealing and refuting is abandoned because of the officials. I hope your majesty will correct the record of the crime of ruling his ministers. " Shenzong said to him, "the reason why Sima Guang was exiled was because of his persuasion, not because of his words and deeds." Lu Gong had been asking, and was finally relieved by Shenzong.

In the early years of Xining (1068-1077), Duke Lu wrote about Kaifeng. At that time, it rained for a long time in summer and autumn, and an earthquake occurred in Kaifeng. Lu Gong wrote Shangshu: "in the past, when people were in trouble, some of them were afraid, and some of them were falsely accused. Your majesty treats his subordinates with utmost sincerity. Then his subordinates will be sincere in return for their consideration. No matter how sincere they are, they will never disappear. The only way to be a monarch is to get rid of the malpractice of partial listening to the rule of one's own, and not be hoodwinked by the first words, then he will not be confused by heresy. Yan Yuan asked for the state's way, Confucius answered to alienate the treacherous and sycophantic as a warning. Perhaps if the treacherous and sycophantic people are afraid that they will not conform to the king's will, then they will be easy to get close to each other. If the upright people are afraid that they will not conform to the righteousness, then they will be easy to alienate. Only King Ge can rectify the matter first, and there is no one who does not govern the world. " In accordance with the old rules of the Tang Dynasty, the ritual officials asked Shenzong to pay homage to the Royal Daqing hall in May. Lu Gong wrote: "Your Majesty is surpassing the Han and Tang Dynasties to recover the three generations. Why should you accept the useless name for the court meeting which is not in line with the etiquette and justice in the days of overcast prosperity?" Shenzong took his advice.

Young people in dispute

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< sub > Wang Anshi's reform

In February of the second year of Xining (1069), LV Gong was ordered to compile yingzongshi Lu. In June, he was appointed the censor Zhongcheng.

In the third year of Xining reign (1070), Wang Anshi was enacting the Qingmiao law. Lu Gong wrote: "since ancient times, a monarch who has made achievements has not been able to rule without losing his heart, nor can he win his heart by threatening him or winning his argument. In the past, the so-called virtuous and capable people now think that the Qingmiao method is wrong, but the people who make comments denigrate all this as vulgar and superficial views. Did they all be virtuous and capable in the past, but now they are unworthy? " Wang Anshi was indignant at his words. Shenzong asked him to recommend LV Huiqing as a censor. Lu Gong wrote: "Lv Huiqing certainly has talent, but treacherous people can't be appointed." Shenzong told this to Wang Anshi. Wang Anshi was even more indignant and falsely accused LV Gong of slandering. Shenzong demoted LV Gong as the magistrate of Yingzhou on the eighth day of April.

In the eighth year of Xining (1075), a comet appeared, and Shenzong issued an edict to get the truth. Lu Gong wrote Shangshu: "Your Majesty has been hoping to govern the country for a long time, but no one dares to say so. His majesty has the ambition to govern the world, but he doesn't realize it. This is that the minister failed his majesty. Perhaps the scholars' evil, integrity and immortality have been determined. Now it's not the case. Not long ago, it was recommended as the most virtuous person in the world, but later it was demoted as the most unworthy person in the world. Since it is fickle in talents, it goes against common sense and is not prudent in politics. In ancient times, people did not believe in government. For example, Zichan governed the state of Zheng. One year later, people resented it, and three years later, people praised it. Your majesty hung his clothes and bowed his hands in the hope of success. In the past seven years, however, people's statements are no different from before. Didn't your majesty realize it? "

Later, he was appointed zhiheyang army, and was transferred to zhongtaiyigong palace, where he was appointed Hanlin bachelor, and was changed to Duanming palace bachelor and zhishenguanyuan. Shenzong slowly talked with Duke Lu about the way of governance, which involved Buddhism and Taoism. Duke Lu asked, "do Yao and Shun know this way?" Shenzong said, "don't Yao and Shun know?" Lu Gong wrote: "although Yao and Shun knew this, they only thought it was difficult to know people and settle people, so they became Yao and shun." Shenzong also said that Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty could control his subordinates with power and wisdom. Lu Gong replied, "the virtue of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty is to be able to submit himself to remonstrance." Shenzong praised his words.

On September 14 of the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Lu Gong and Xue Xiang, the direct privy scholar, knew the affairs of the Privy Council. Some people plan to restore corporal punishment, and suggest that death row prisoners should be sentenced to trial and death penalty. Lu Gong wrote: "if you try these, you will not die, then corporal punishment will be carried out." Then stop. At that time, Empress Dowager liang of the Western Xia Dynasty imprisoned Li bingchang, the Emperor Huizong of the Xia Dynasty, and the imperial court was going to attack the Western Xia Dynasty on a large scale. Lu Gong wrote: "if you want to ask a guilty teacher, you should choose the commander first. If you don't have a suitable person, it's better not to raise your troops." When the war was launched, the people of Qin and Jin were in great difficulty, and the officials did not dare to speak up. Lu Gong wrote about the harm of the war many times.

On September 29th, the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), LV Gong was appointed as the Deputy Secretary of the Privy Council.

In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), Lu Gong begged to leave because of illness. On April 26, he was dismissed as a Bachelor of zizhengdian and a pacifier of Dingzhou. Soon, Yongle city fell (that is, the battle of Yongle city). Shenzong sighed and said, "the people in the border areas are so tired. Only Duke Lu told me." He was transferred to Yangzhou pacifier, and became a Bachelor of Zizheng hall. When Zhao Xu, the prince of Song Dynasty, was about to be appointed as his servant, Shenzong said to his assistant ministers that Lu Gong and Sima Guang should be his masters.

Keep a good face

On the fifth day of March in the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), zhe Zong ascended to the throne. The Empress Dowager Gao (Gao Taotao) listened to the government, and the Conservatives came to power again. Lu Gong returned to the imperial court as an official. Kao sent envoys to greet him and asked him what he wanted to say. Lu Gong wrote: "the original intention of the former Emperor was to save the people's resources first. However, the proponents took the reform as their duty to invade the people and denounced all those who disagreed with them. As a result, the disadvantages were deeper with the time going by, and the people were more miserable with the new law. It's true that it's not difficult to have people who are fair and upright, who stress the advantages and disadvantages of the world and work together to do it. "

Chinese PinYin : Lv Gong Zhe