Qi Zhaonan

Qi Zhaonan

Qi Zhaonan (1703-1768) was named Qiongtai and Xiyuan. Zhejiang Tiantai people. Geographer in Qing Dynasty.

As a child prodigy, he is good at geography and calligraphy. Yongzheng seven years (1729), jiyouke village examination in the Deputy car, Yongzheng eleven years (1733), give erudite Hongci, as deputy bang Gongsheng was recommended. In the first year of Qianlong's reign (1736), he called for an examination in the hall of Baohe, and appointed the tenth of the second class as the imperial scholar of the Imperial Academy. The next year, he took part in the revision of the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty. In 1741, he wrote the book of vassal states. Qianlong 12 years (1747), as the "continued literature general examination" vice president.

In the 26th year of Qianlong (1761), he completed the most important work "outline of waterways" in 28 volumes. In addition, his works include Baolun Tang Ji Gu Lu, Baolun Tang Wen Chao Shi Chao, Qi Tai Shi Yi Ji, Qiongtai Ji, chronology of emperors and Gongqing table of later Han Dynasty.

Life of the characters

Qi Zhaonan (1703-1768) was named Qiongtai and Xiyuan in the late Qing Dynasty. There are many historical works of Qi family, including five volumes of textual research on the chronology of meritorious officials in historical records, 120 volumes of textual research on Han Dynasty, 13 volumes of chronology of emperors, 28 volumes of outline of waterways, 36 volumes of Wenzhou official records, 12 volumes of Tiantai Mountain records and several volumes of waifan Shu. At that time, people praised him as "erudite in all aspects of learning, from astronomy, law and calendar to mountains and rivers, as well as dangerous and important passes" (Taizhou Fu Zhi, Vol.103, Qi Zhao Nan Zhuan).

Political experience

Young and sensitive, he is called a child prodigy in the village.

In the 11th year of Yongzheng reign, he ordered a scholar to learn Hongci, and Zhaonan was recommended as a vice official.

In the first year of Qianlong's reign, he took the second class examination in the imperial examination, changed the imperial examination system to the imperial examination system, and scattered the imperial examinations.

Eight years, the imperial examination Han Zhan officials, promoted zhongyun, moved to read.

Nine years later, his father died. At that time, he collated and engraved the classics and history, and Zhao Nan wrote the book of rites and the book of Han. Take away the original official.

Twelve years, he moved to be a bachelor.

Thirteen years, Han Zhan re examination of the official, to Zhaonan column head, promote cabinet bachelor, life on the study walk. He moved to the Ministry of rites. He went up to Ninggu pagoda and got the ancient mirror. He asked Zhaonan about it. Zhaonan recognized its money, which had Chen Yuanwei's idea. Looking around, he said, "it's worthy of the erudition of Hongci." On the West Court shooting, 19 arrows are in, Gu Shangshu, Jiang Pu and Zhao Nan said: "can't be without poetry!" Summon the south into poetry, and give.

In the summer of the fourteenth year, Zhaonan scattered straight horse, touch big stone, skull several crack. When they heard about it, they sent Mongolian doctors to see it and give it medicine. Prince Yu Hongshi: "how is master Ru ill? When the frequency makes the question Fortunately, Mulan gave 15 bundles of preserved deer. And winter, into the thanks, on the consolation, Zhaonan, because of begging, solid please is allowed. And line, give yarn, Ge each two ends. During the tour to the south, he often met the driver and asked about the symptoms of the disease. The scenery of Tiantai Mountain and Yandang Mountain are tasted, but the scenery of Zhaonan mountain is never visited. Why not go to places of interest in the countryside Zhaonan said: "the mountains are steep and the streams are deep. The officials have old mothers. They are afraid of the ancient people's admonition to climb high and face the deep, so they dare not go there." Shangshenjiazhi. Even then, Zhou Huawei, a member of the clan, wrote a letter to the emperor and arrested the capital. Li Yi sat in hiding and became a exile. He took his place in his family and ordered him to return to the capital. He returned to the South and died.

Outline of waterways

Zhaonan Yi Zhizi Liang, elegant language. The outline of waterways has a detailed origin.

In the 26th year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1761), Qi Zhaonan completed the outline of waterways, which is known as the "water classic of the Qing Dynasty", with a total of 28 volumes. It includes all land, sea, Shengjing River, Jingji River, canal and Shandong River, Yellow River, Qinghai River and Gansu River, Juchuan River, Huaihe River and Juchuan River, South Canal, Yangtze River, Juchuan River, Jiangnan canal and Taihu Lake, gangpu River, Zhejiang and eastern Zhejiang River, Minjiang River and Chaozhou River in Guangdong Province in southwest, Yuejiang River (Pearl River Basin) and Hepu River in southwest The water of the sea, the water of Yunnan, the water of Tibet, the water of the south of Altai Mountain in the north of Mohe, the water of Heilongjiang, the water of Juchuan in Heilongjiang, the water of the sea from the south of the mouth of Heilongjiang, the water of Korea, the water of Mongolia in the north of the Great Wall, and the water of the western regions. This paper systematically and correctly describes the source and flow of the waterways in China in the middle of the 18th century. In the outline of waterways, from the sea of Okhotsk in the northeast to the south, the Bohai Sea, the East China Sea to the South China Sea, the coastal towns, passes, river entrances, islands and so on are all described. For the first time, the coastline of China in the 18th century is clearly outlined.

In ancient times, the only works about waterways were Shui Jing. Guo Pu of Jin Dynasty didn't explain it to the world. Li Daoyuan was the only one to explain it. Because Li was a native of Northern Wei Dynasty, his annotations were detailed in the north and slightly in the south. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, most waterways had changed. Although Huang Zongxi had written Jin Shui Jing, it was only one volume, which was too simple. Therefore, he took advantage of the convenience when he invited nan to the Hanlin to revise the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty, In the end, it becomes a book. "Siku synopsis" said: "it is composed of the first sea, the second water from Shengjing to Jingdong, the second water from Zhigu, the second water from North Canal, the second water from river and into river, the second water from Huaihe River and into Huaihe River, the second water from Jiangnan canal and Taihu Lake into haigangpu, the second water from northeast sea and North Korea, the second water from northern desert and the last water from western regions. Generally speaking, Tongjin's notes extend thousands of miles, and can't be limited to the territory. Zhaonan's notes are not divided into prefectures and cities, but take Juchuan as the outline. Therefore, it's called outline. Its origins are divided and its corners are zigzag, and its system is dominated by today's waterways. It disdains to be attached to the ancient meaning, but its evolution is the same and different, that is to say, it can be seen from each other. " He also said: "therefore, the description is quite detailed, which is quite different from the Mo Shan Fan Shui in Shui Jing Zhu. However, when shaonan was born in Shengdai, when he applied Tiandi, he couldn't hear anything from tens of thousands of miles away that the ancients hadn't heard. It was like the palm of his hand. " Although the latter passage is the eulogy of the officials of Siku library to Qianlong, it is true that Zhaonan gained the benefit at that time.

Other works

The chronology of the emperors of the past dynasties is listed in the outline of history.

Zhaonangong calligraphy. Taste linlanting post, that is, to remove its complex words in the preface, imitate the thousand style into three character poem 17 chapters. There are Hakkas who use the three hundred words in the Ge style to write postscripts, that is, because their characters are integrated into five laws and twelve poems, so is their agility. He is the author of textual research of Han Dynasty. Chronicles of the Shulin and general inspection of the Qing Dynasty steles

Personal biography

A child has the eyes of a prodigy. Sixteen students were recruited, 22 students were selected, and Gong Chengjun was selected. Yongzheng seven years, jiyouke Township examination car. In the 11th year, the imperial edict system was established, and the governor's academic envoys recommended the CI with erudition. In the first year of Qianlong's reign, he called the imperial examination in the hall of Baohe, appointed the eighth place of the second class, changed the Imperial Academy to be a good scholar, and became the editor of the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty. In the fourth year, he served as the official of collating classics in Wuying hall and the official of compiling Mingjian compendium. Lei Qian Youchun visited you zhongyun. He was an official in charge of daily life, a bachelor's degree, a compiler of the Great Qing Huidian and xuwentongkao, an examiner in Shuntian County, a bachelor in cabinet, and a minister of rites. He is the vice president of Xuanchong continuation literature general examination hall, and is specially authorized to appoint the general ceremony. In April of the fourteenth year, he was canonized as vice envoy of wanpin. On the 29th, he went straight from Yuanmingyuan to his study and returned to chenghuaiyuan. As soon as he reached the gate, his horse fell and touched a big stone. He was seriously injured. He was moved and gave medicine. He sent a middle official to inquire and spread Mongolian medical treatment. Both begging to return, Gaozong Southern tour, a number of summon, reward frequency. He was in charge of Fuwen academy, Shangxing academy, and made poetry to seek harmony. In the 32nd year, Lu liuliang, a member of the Chinese Party of the Zhou Dynasty, was sent back to China. His book was engraved and presented to Xiong Xuepeng, the governor of the Zhou Dynasty, and ten crimes were committed in Zhaonan. Learning from Peng, he wrote in the dynasty. Chen Ding, zhezhou Hua, the nephew of his near family, and his grandson, all the ten great pioneers were arrested by Zhaonan in Beijing. The Justice Department was responsible for Zhaonan's crime of favoritism and seclusion. He took all his property and gave it back to him. Sixty six years ago. His works are in the history Bureau, while his works in Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian and Yunnan are in the history Bureau. His vassal state had no foundation, and Zhaonan created a new manuscript. The second volume of Ming Shi Gang Ji is compiled by Zhaonan in the three dynasties of Shen, Guang and Hui. It is divided into three parts: the book of history, the book of rites, the spring and Autumn Annals, the list of meritorious officials in the book of history, the book of Han, and the annals of prefectures and states. There are three volumes in the book of Sui, the book of Lu Li Yao Wen, and two volumes in the book of Old Tang, the book of Lu Li Tian Wen. Tasting words: "Li's annotation of Shuijing is clear in the northwest, but dark in the southeast, and the waterway outside the territory is unknown." Because of the 30 volumes of "outline of waterways", the river is large and the sea is small and the stream is small. It can be traced back to the poor Committee. In addition, there is a volume of Hou Di Kao, a meritorious official in the history of Han Dynasty, 13 volumes of the table of emperors in the past dynasties, a volume of the table of Gongqing in the later Han Dynasty, and a catalogue of the history of Song Dynasty, all of which are stored at home.

Chinese PinYin : Qi Zhao Nan