Liu Kai

Liu Kai

Liu Kai (1067-1127), also known as Fugao, was born in Chongan (today's Wuyishan City, Fujian Province). In the late Northern Song Dynasty, he was a minister.

He was a Jinshi in 1094. Transfer Fengcheng Wei, Longcheng Ling. He moved to Shaanxi Province as a transit envoy and promoted Jixian hall to build. At the beginning of Xuanhe period, Huizong promoted Chongfu palace to know Yuezhou. Xuanhe four years (1122), called for Hebei, Hedong Xuanfu staff. The next year, he changed his knowledge to Jianzhou and Fuzhou, found out about Jingnan, and kept zhendingfu.

In the first year of emperor Jingkang (1126), he served as deputy envoys of Xuanfu in Hebei and Hedong, and then as envoys of the four walls of the capital. Kaifeng fell and sent envoys to Jinying. The people of Jin Dynasty wanted to use it. They were unyielding and hanged in 1127, the second year of Jingkang. In the early years of Jianyan, he was presented to the grand Bachelor of Zizheng hall. Later, he was granted the posthumous title of "Zhongxian".

(< I > photo source: biography of Liu family in Chongan, Fujian Province, 1933)

Life of the characters

New talent

Liu Kai grew up under the education of his father, Liu Minsheng, who was known as the "southeast Confucian school" at that time. Liu Minsheng is knowledgeable and dissatisfied with the attitude of neglecting the people in officialdom, so he takes the road of lecturing. His integrity and knowledge had a great influence on Liu Kai.

Liu Kai studied hard and soon entered the Imperial College. He was admitted to the Imperial College in 1094. He was determined to serve the people and the country. Young Liu Kai was soon assigned to Fengcheng County, Jiangxi Province as a county captain, and then embarked on a military and political career.

When Liu Kai was a county captain in Fengcheng County, Jiangxi Province, there was a great famine and hungry people everywhere. He tried every means to go to the local rich families and mobilize them to take out their grain savings and distribute them to the hungry people. The next year, local production resumed, and he helped the people out of difficulties and got their support.

Liu Kai was transferred from Fengcheng and became the magistrate of Qinzhou county. At this time, because of dissatisfaction with the chaos of the government, the people were exploited, and immediately went to study after the term of office. At that time, Wang Hou, the commander-in-chief of Xihe Road, knew Liu Kai's character and ability, and called him to be the staff of the Department of economics and strategy. Because of his ability, he was promoted to Shaanxi pinghuosi. This is an official position with certain military power. As soon as he took office, his troops were stationed in he and Huang, and famine also occurred. All ethnic groups live together here, and the situation is complicated. Liu Kai learned that the chief here had food, so he discussed with the chief to exchange the army's gold, silver and cloth for food, saving the victims again.

The young Liu Kai was promoted to be a transport envoy of Shaanxi Province, a Chinese doctor, and a writer of Jiying hall.

defeat one 's opponent by a surprise move

When he was in the Imperial City, Liu Fa, the military commander of Shoujun Yanlu (now northern Shaanxi), fought with the invading army of Xixia, and unfortunately died. The Xixia army was so proud that it turned to invade Gansu. It was urgent for the imperial court to select a general. Liu Kai, who was well-known, was selected as the acting commander of Yan'an. When he arrived in Yan'an, he began to inquire about the military deployment, attack routes and Countermeasures of the Xixia army. He decided to avoid the elite troops in front of the enemy and make a strategic plan to win by surprise. His attack method made the other side at a loss. Liu Kai beat all the troops into a scurry, so they had to bow to the Song Dynasty and promise to pay tribute to the Song Dynasty regularly. Liu Kai knew that Xixia was deceitful and made full preparations. As expected, Xixia was waiting for an opportunity to attack again. However, Liu Kai saw through their deception and broke their head and blood. Xixia was subdued from then on. It was a famous battle of defense in the Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty was temporarily at peace. Liu Kai made great contributions to the border defense war and was promoted to Huixian Pavilion. Unexpectedly, Cai Jing became prime minister again. In a fit of anger, Liu Kai asked for permission to serve in Chongfu palace. After approval, he left Beijing and served as governor of Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang).

Select materials to defend the enemy

In 1122, the Qidan army of Liao Dynasty invaded the border defense. The people of Yanzhou demanded the protection of Song Dynasty. The court appointed Tong Guan as Xuanfu envoy of Hedong in Hebei Province, and Liu Kai was called as the councilor of Xuanfu March of Hedong in Hebei Province. The imperial court wanted to unite with the Jin people to fight Khitan. Therefore, Liu Kai selected excellent talents to join the army in Hebei and personally examined the recruits. During this period, he promoted Yue Fei, who had outstanding performance, and appointed him captain.

The guard is sure

In the first year of Jingkang (1126), the Jin soldiers besieged Zhending mansion, which was unstoppable. The imperial court sent Liu Kai Zhen to guard the truth. After analyzing the military strength of the enemy and ourselves, he invited his younger brother Liu Gehua and his eldest son Liu Ziyu to form a coalition to study the operational plan. We all agreed that a frontal attack would result in a great loss. Only by catching up sharp arrows and strong crossbows can we meet the enemy. At the beginning of the battle, Jin Bing changed his tactics again and again, trying to attract the song army. But Liu Kai never fell for it. He shot Jin Bing with secret arrows every time. Jin Bing couldn't get close to the city, but he was shot dead and injured, exhausted, and finally ended up with a retreat. Liu Kai was promoted to be a Bachelor of zizhengdian.

The Jin soldiers soon turned to attack Taiyuan, Shanxi, where the song army was weak and Taiyuan was captured. The imperial court once again thought of Liu Kai as the Deputy envoy of Xuanfu and organized troops to recover the lost territory. He recruited 40000 soldiers in liaozhou, and agreed to attack Taiyuan at the same time with Xie Qian and zhe keqiu. However, Xie Qian and zhe keqiu were defeated and failed to send troops. Liu Kai had to send Jia Qiong to attack the back of Jin Bing from daizhou. He made a frontal attack on both sides and recovered five units. This is Liu Kai's last fierce battle to defend the country and the end of his military career.

died for the country

After the recovery of Wutai, Liu Kai was transferred to the capital as an important four wall guard. However, Tang Ke, the prime minister, believed that the wizard Guo Jing could use magic to defeat the enemy, and hastily ordered Liu Kai to send troops to fight against the golden soldiers. Liu Kai denounced Guo Jing. As a result, he offended Tang Ke and was removed from his post to be in charge of the temple.

After the Jingkang incident, the capital fell, and Liu Kai was transferred to the Forbidden City to escort him. The Song court made reparations by cutting the land and bowed to the Jin people for peace. Liu Kai was forced to make peace with the Jin people. The Jin people knew that Liu Kai was a good general. They sent Han Zheng, who was equivalent to the prime minister, to persuade him to surrender. They also promised to appoint Liu Kai as a servant as long as he was obedient. Liu Kai wrote a suicide note: "when the country broke down, the emperor was worried about the humiliation of his ministers, and the emperor humiliated his ministers to death", so he bathed and dressed, hung a beam and died for the country. It was the first year of Jianyan (1127) when Liu Ziyu helped the emperor to return to Chongan for burial.

Historical evaluation

History of the Song Dynasty: he is solemn and generous. He has friends with others. If he is afraid of others, he will never take back when he is faced with great events. At the beginning, he was known by Tong Guan in Xizhou, so he predicted his military affairs from the beginning to the end, and died with loyalty.

interpersonal relationship

He had three sons: Liu Ziyu, Liu Zihui and Liu Ziyi.

Note: according to the records of Liu's genealogy, Liu Kai is the ancestor of Liu's family in Hakka, and Gao Gong of Liu's genealogy in Nanjing was appointed as Chongqing's prefect, which is consistent with Liu Kai's previous position.

Film and television image

2013 TV series "loyal Yue Fei": Chen Zhihui plays Liu Kai.

Index of historical data

The sequel of song Mingchen's words and deeds Volume 3

History of Song Dynasty volume 446

Liu Kai, whose name is Zhongyan, was born in Chongan, Jianzhou. The first Jinshi, transferred Fengcheng Wei, Longcheng order. Wang Hou Zhen Xizhou, PI Di Dao Ling, promoted Shaanxi pinghuosi. He and Huang had a large number of troops, but they could not continue to eat. They were sent to the chieftains and sent out gold and silk to pay for the army. Then, as a transit envoy, he promoted the Chinese official and the Jiying hall.

When Liu Fa died, Xia people attacked Zhenwu. He took a picture of Shuai Bingyan and sent out a surprise force to break the siege. Xia people come to say that they are willing to accept money to make amends. He said: "the army has been flourishing for many years, but China has not yet supported it. How about a small country? Although he has won a new victory, many of them are also tired. They are afraid that I will raise them again. Therefore, the money is attached for self safety. This is true. " Close and sparse to hear, Zhao Xu. Xia Shi's evil time is not coming. The generals say that Xia Guo is deceitful. Please take advantage of it. He said: "cross border dating, there are other reasons." Those who would be invited again came, and Kai Jie said, "the imperial court is going to launch a crusade. I'm going to invite you. It's not as if you'd like to invite a new year's coin at a different time to explain the battlefield in order to gain power and anger." The people of Xia obeyed, and Suian was in the West.

He sought to return to the East, worshipped Huiyou Pavilion, and promoted Chongfu palace. In Yuezhou, Jianhu was invaded and cultivated by the people. Because the government took the rent, it was 20000 years old. During the period of political peace, the land dried up and spread to six times. Li Zhonggong should be worshipped. The rent was too heavy and the governor was strict, so he fled. Before the lenwu compensation, the people complain of illness, please and it. When fangla was trapped in Quzhou and Wuzhou, the more serious the earthquake, the officials would escape, or take a boat to go. He said, "I'm a prefect. I'll be with the city." Don't move, fight hard and be on guard. Kou went to the lower part of the city and defeated him. He paid homage to Gu Dianzhi and called him Xuanfu staff officer of Hebei and Hedong.

At that time, the minister said that Yan Minsi was attached, Tong Guan and Cai Youfang left the army, but the army of cultivating the way of teachers collapsed. He didn't give a true warning, but he was trying to figure out what to do. Shidao said: "the Khitan army is still in full swing, but the Yan people have not responded. They are afraid that the officials on the border will make mistakes in state affairs." I'm chibaiguan and you, please be my teacher. On the other hand, Yan Ji is not available. As a result, troops are stationed to pay for it, and there is no money for it. After returning to mozhou, Huiguo pharmacist descended to Zhuozhou, drove his military chariot again, discussed the differences and moved to zhizhendingfu. When pharmacists enter the court, they beg to stay and do not report. He moved to Jianzhou, changed to Fuzhou, and became a Bachelor of Kangdian. Or when he passed the palace, he saw that Zhongcheng, the censor, had asked him, so he gave up. He began to know the south of Jing, and he started to steal from Hebei. Chai Hong, the first thief, was a rich family. He was unable to collect money. He gathered people to rob him, killed the inspector, and killed the commanding officer. He rode alone to the town and sent him to recruit him. Hongzhi pleaded guilty. If you want to drink wine, please take it as an official, and let the party return to the field, and make it smooth all the way. The pharmacist invited the horse and ordered the Hebei war horse to compete with it, which was not enough and was given to the people. He said, "if you are a garrison in Kongni County, it's not a plan to surrender your general." Play to stop. The people of Jin Dynasty had already planned for nanmu, and the imperial court sought the land in the clouds from it. The spy is real, urgent to hear, and Yin rule the city to wait for change. In the winter, when the Jin soldiers arrived at the city, they knew that they were prepared and stayed beside them, driving them away and introverted. And also, Zhi Ti Chong set up a siege to show his desire to attack, and he sent a strong horse to shoot at it. The Jin people knew that they could not be intimidated, but retreated. Since the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, all the counties have been closed, and the people are trapped. They have been working alone, cutting wood and herding livestock as usual. Qin Zong Shanzhi, a Bachelor of Zizheng hall.

At that time, it was promised that the land would be cut off to bribe the Jin people, but the debaters took advantage of the indignation of the scholars and the people,

Chinese PinYin : Liu Ge