Liu xingzu

Liu xingzu

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Liu xingzu? His ancestral home was Pengcheng, and he lived in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province). He was a minister and general of Liu Song in the Southern Dynasty, and the younger brother of Liu rongzu, the founder of Liu Song. At the beginning of his official career, he served as the Prime Minister of Nankang, the general of Zhenwu, the prefect of qinjun, the governor of Qingzhou and the governor of Jizhou. In the late period of Yuanjia, Shen Qingzhi and Liu Yuanjing took part in the pacification of yunshanman and Mianyang shanman. Later, they defended Baishi and retreated the Wei army during the southern invasion of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 452, he wrote to Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty about his strategy of attacking Hebei Province, which is well-known in history. In 455, Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty died of a sudden leg disease in his post. He gave it to general Anbei and his official.

Life of the characters

Liu xingzu, whose ancestral home is Pengcheng, lived in Jingkou. He was a minister of the Southern Dynasty Liu Song, the son of Liu Huaishen, and the younger brother of Liu rongzu. At the beginning, he became the Prime Minister of Nankang.

In February of the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), white deer appeared in Nankang County, which was called auspicious omen at that time. Liu xingzu, then Nankang prime minister, presented it to the court. Later, he became the prefect of Qin county. Shen Qingzhi and Liu Yuanjing took part in pacifying the rebellion of Yunshan barbarians and Mianyang barbarians. He was granted Zhenwu general because of their contributions.

In December of the 27th year of Yuanjia (450), the Northern Wei Dynasty invaded the South on a large scale and crossed the Huaihe River. Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty sent Zhenwu General Liu xingzu to guard Baishi mountain. Liu xingzu defended the baixiapi at the foot of the mountain. The Northern Wei Dynasty was unable to attack for a long time, so he withdrew.

In 451, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty appointed Liu xingzu, general Zhenwu and prefect of Qin County, as the prime minister and governor of Hebei Province. In June of the same year, he was appointed governor of Pengcheng.

In 452, Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty heard that there was a coup in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and tuobatao was killed by Zongai. So he sent Zhang Yong, Lu Shuang, Xiao Sihua and Liu Yuanjing to carry out the third northern expedition. At this time, Liu xingzu, the governor of Qingzhou, wrote a letter to Emperor Wendi of Song Dynasty, suggesting that Hebei should be conquered, starting from Shandong to the north of the Yellow River. He wrote: "Henan is plagued by famine. There is no food to get outside the wilderness. If the enemy defends resolutely, it will not be able to attack and pull out within ten days. If the army stays, the transportation will be tense. The crusade against criminals and the rescue of the people should be completed as soon as possible. Today, the king of Wei just died, and in the hot season, the enemy was suspicious and confused, so they didn't want to save him. Only the soldiers and horses in the pass can defend themselves. I think we should go straight to Zhongshan and occupy the enemy's dangerous towns. There are many people in the area north of Jizhou, and the wheat is ripe, so they can get food on the spot. The loyal and loyal heroes will respond quickly. If the Central Plains shake, the area south of the Yellow River will collapse naturally. In addition to guarding the city, I also had more than 2000 soldiers. I mobilized another 3000 soldiers to bid farewell to Cui Xunzhi as general Zhenwei. I took the soldiers who set out and the famous families in Erzhou with me. I directly attacked Zhongshan with Gai Liujin. Shen Tan led the soldiers in Licheng, about 2000, and then moved on. According to statistics, more than 7000 soldiers of the two armies rushed into the enemy's heart, mobilized taxes, collected grain trucks, and supplied our army's logistics. If the vanguard is successful, Zhang Yong and all the armies in Henan should cross the river at the same time, so that the voice of the soldiers will rise together. If my strategy is adopted, in addition, state officials should be set up to appease the dependent people. The governor of Dingzhou captured daling, the governor of Jizhou advanced to Jingxing, the governor of Bingzhou stationed in Yanmen, the governor of Youzhou garrisoned the military capital, and the governor of Xiangzhou defended Taihang. He changed due to the change of the enemy's situation, so he was granted official titles at any time. When crossing the river, please appoint a large number of officials. We are deeply saddened by the general's fear of going deep into enemy territory. Cui Xunzhi and others were impassioned and vowed to serve their country to the death. If it is successful, there will be hope for the reunification of China. If it is not successful, it will not cause great damage. We are all ready to go, waiting for the emperor's decree. " Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty only hoped to restore the land lost in Henan, but did not adopt this idea.

In 453, Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty saw the failure of the third northern expedition. He was ready to transfer Liu xingzu from Qingzhou and let Zhang Chang be the governor of Qingzhou and governor of Pengcheng. Emperor Wen of the later Song Dynasty was killed by Prince Liu Shao soon, so it was not carried out.

In the second year of Xiaojian (455), Liu xingzu died of a sudden leg disease. The imperial court awarded him as an Anbei general and a regular official.

Character evaluation

Liu xingzu's writing to Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty about the strategy of attacking Hebei has always been concerned by historians and political commentators of later generations. Some people compare him with the "Ziwu Valley intrigue" of Shu Han and Wei Yan in the Three Kingdoms period. In short, Liu xingzu learned the lesson of Liu Song's two previous struggles for the South Bank of the Yellow River, and proposed to enter Hebei from Shandong to block the passes of Taihang Mountain and contain the Northern Wei Dynasty within Shanxi. If Hebei was settled, Henan would naturally fall into the hands of the song army. If the song army attacked Hebei after arriving at the Yellow River, the situation of the Northern Wei Dynasty would be very dangerous. The emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty had to lead the army to fight against it. Hu Sansheng, who annotated Zizhitongjian, said: "the best policy is Liu xingzu's words; the best policy is not to use the wisdom of life." It means that Liu xingzu's strategy could not be carried out because he was not the master of great talent. Liu Yilong, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, was not as ambitious and knowledgeable as this, so he did not adopt it. Wang Fuzhi also failed to refer to Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty as "not the king of valour" by Liu xingzu's strategy. Mr. Lu simian also regretted that Liu xingzu's policy had not been carried out. He thought: "if we want to attack the north, we must take Hebei and Guanzhong as the basis." In the Song Dynasty, the emperor and his officials had no ambition to recover, but they had never been able to gather together to teach The emperors and ministers of the Song Dynasty did not measure their virtue and strength, but preferred to take it lightly. How could they not be defeated? It's a long way to go. "

Family members

Father: Liu Huaishen

Brothers: Liu Deyuan, Liu rongzu

Historical records

Liu xingzu in the "Song Book Volume 45 biography of the fifth" only "de willing younger brother xingzu, Qingzhou governor." In a word, Liu xingzu's other deeds are scattered in other biographies of Song Dynasty

The fifth biography of Volume 45 of the Song Dynasty

The 18th Fu Ruizhong in the 28th annals of the Song Dynasty

The 51st filial piety in ninety one biographies of the Song Dynasty

The fifth emperor of literature in five chapters of Song Dynasty

The 55th Suolu of ninety five biographies in the book of Song Dynasty

In addition, Liu xingzu's relevant records are also found in "Zizhi Tongjian volume 126 song Ji 8".

Chinese PinYin : Liu Xing Zu