Wei Shu

Wei Xianzi

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Wei Shu (?)? In 509 BC), the surname of Ji was Wei, named Shu, also named da, posthumous title "Xian", so it was also called Wei Xianzi. In the late spring and Autumn period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, he was the Minister of Jin State, a famous military reformer, strategist and politician. The grandson of Wei Zhaozi Jiang, a famous general of Jin Dynasty, was the founder of Jin military infantry.

The most important contribution in military history is the shift from vehicle battle to foot battle, which alone has made him famous in history. The appearance of Wei Shu square array is an important event in the military history of the spring and Autumn period, and it is an epoch-making sign of the transformation from vehicle warfare to step warfare.

Ancestors

Wei Shu's forefather was Wei Li, one of the sages of Wen Gong in Jin Dynasty. He had been exiled with Chong er for more than ten years. After Chong Er ascended the throne, Wei Xi became the main general of Jin Wengong. Wei Xianzi served Jin Zhaogong. In the late spring and Autumn period, only the six largest clans, Han, Wei, Zhao, fan, Zhi and Zhongxing, controlled the political situation of Jin State and were called Liuqing. After the death of Duke Zhao, the six ministers of Jin became strong and prosperous, and the official office declined.

be in office

In the 12th year of emperor Qinggong of Jin Dynasty (514 BC), Han xuanzi, who was in power, died and gave way to Wei Shu. Wei Xianzi presided over the state affairs. From then on, the Wei family became the main family of Jin.

Wei Shu had been in power for six years, displaying his talents and laying the foundation for the three branches of Jin and Wei, which made Wei army a strong force at that time. The reform of Han, Zhao and Wei was particularly thorough. Later, Zhao destroyed the fan and Zhonghang families and forced them to escape from the state of Jin.

At the end of the spring and Autumn period, Zhishi was the strongest, and Zhao united with Han and Wei to eliminate Zhishi. At the end of the long-term war of annexation between the Qing government and the officials of Jin Dynasty, the three families were canonized as princes by King Zhou Weilie.

In 376 BC, Han, Zhao and Wei abolished Jin Jinggong, the last monarch of Jin, and finally completed the process of dividing Jin into three families. The division of Jin by the three schools is the result of the social reform in the state of Jin in the form of the struggle between the old and the new forces. It is one of the important symbols of the ancient Chinese history from the spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period.

The battle of Ohara

Wei Shu's famous work, the battle of Dayuan, declared the end of hundreds of years of vehicle war history, and the step war became the dominant way in the history of Chinese war.

In the summer of 541 BC, the Shanrong tribe invaded the Central Plains. Wei Shu and Xunwu (Zhongxing Muzi) led the Jin army to attack Wuzhong (Shanrong's name) and hequndi (a number of ethnic minorities). Their infantry encountered Dayuan (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi).

In Taihang mountain area, there are overlapping mountains, rugged roads and narrow terrain. Wei Shu felt that Rongdi was an infantry and his own side was a military vehicle. When fighting in the mountains, it was difficult for military vehicles to move and win. So he planned to "destroy the vehicle for the line", transform the military vehicle into infantry, and change the vehicle battle into step battle. That is to say, the five armored soldiers (three for each armored soldier, five for a total of 15) will be changed into shoulder armored infantry composed of five soldiers and three soldiers, which will be combined with the original light infantry as the basic unit of combat, so that the original chariot formation composed of two, five, special, participation and deviation will become a coordinated infantry formation composed of forward, guard, left wing, right wing and front refusal.

Xunwu's favorite minister refused to give up his car, and Wei Shu beheaded him on the spot.

Rong Di's army, who was good at marching, ridiculed Jin's abnormal behavior. Taking advantage of the enemy's pride and paralysis, Wei Shu took advantage of the fact that the enemy was not in the battle, so he unexpectedly rushed to the enemy, defeated the enemy and won.

Gone

In 509 BC, Yu Diquan (the name of the spring, now Luoyang in Henan Province), a senior official of Wei Shuhe, built the city wall for Chengzhou. He left the matter to Han Xianzi and Yuan Shouguo. He went to dalingze (now the northwest of Huojia County in Henan Province) to hunt, set fire to the wasteland, and died in Ning (now the west of Huojia County in Henan Province).

Chinese PinYin : Wei Shu