Zhou Yongnian

Zhou Yongnian

Zhou Yongnian (1730-1791) was born in Licheng, Shandong Province. His ancestral home is Yuyao, Zhejiang Province.

He was born and studious. He abandoned his property and books after decades of extensive collection. He built a Book garden and accumulated 100000 volumes for people to read and copy. He advocated the theory of Confucian collection and established Confucian collection, so that the ancient people can never lose their works and read them together with the world There are "linjishanfang" with a collection of 50000 volumes and a "linjishanfang map".

In the 36th year of Qianlong's reign, he was a Jinshi. Later, he entered the library to compile Sikuquanshu. He was granted the title of "editor and sub editor of Yongle Dadian". He was responsible for compiling Yongle Dadian. He compiled more than ten rare important documents, such as gongshiji by Liu Chang of Song Dynasty, gongfeiji by Liu Yu and xiechuan Ji by Su Guo. Qianlong died in 1791.

Life of the characters

Zhou Yongnian's family was poor, and he had no hobbies. On the theory of Cao Xuequan in Ming Dynasty, he wrote the theory of Confucianism and Tibet. Luo Yougao and Liu Yin made a statement about it, and Liu Yin wrote guangru cangshuo to match it. It is said that the Qing Dynasty's compilation of Sikuquanshu, which is divided into seven storehouses, is actually inspired by the theory of Confucianism and Tibet, and the contribution of Yongnian's advocacy is indispensable. (see Wang Shaozeng and Sha Jiasun's a brief history of book collectors in Shandong for details) this article is for reference. (only according to the Ru Zang Shuo attached to a brief history of Shandong book collectors, the original book has not been corrected.)

Anecdotes of characters

In the 36th year of Qianlong's reign, he became a Jinshi, and in the 40th year of Qianlong's reign, he was asked to revise Sikuquanshu. In the 44th year of Qianlong's reign, he became the Deputy examiner of Guizhou provincial examination. Si Ku Guan San, granted editing, full Wen Yuan Ge collation. In the 56th year of Qianlong's reign, he returned home from his illness. He died in the autumn of that year and died in July. He was 62 years old. Zhou Yongnian is a famous bibliophile in the 18th century in China. He is also a famous scholar. He has made outstanding achievements in exploration, bibliography and library, especially in the compilation and revision of Sikuquanshu. In his young age, Zhou Yongnian was filled with all the world's scholars and the book collection business, which was beneficial to all the world. He was brewing a great event of historical significance - advocating the "Confucian theory of collection" to save the world's books, and building a "borrowing garden" to make a family's collection widely available to the world. The theory of Confucianism and Tibet originated from Cao Xuequan at the end of Ming Dynasty. Zhou Yongnian raised it to the theoretical level to elaborate it, and made "the theory of Confucianism and Tibet" to clarify its meaning. In the later "three treaties of Confucianism and Tibet", he formulated thoughtful implementation rules to facilitate implementation. In order to build the Confucian library, he spoke out and built a "library garden". The library garden is Zhou Yongnian's library, and it is also the self practice of his theory of Confucian collection. It has two functions of Modern Library: preserving literature and spreading civilization. It is the origin of modern public library. Unfortunately, it was only Zhou Yongnian's naive dream. At that time, the Song Yuan manuscripts of the book collectors were often hidden in the deep Pavilion without revealing to others. It was impossible to rely on Zhou Yongnian's personal strength to complete the Confucian ideal. However, as soon as the theory of Confucianism and Tibet was put forward, it received the response of scholars and scholars. Zhou Yongnian advocated the compilation thought and the principle of choosing and discarding in the book. Therefore, it is reasonable for some people to say that "the contribution of advocacy should be attributed to Yongnian" in compiling Sikuquanshu. Zhou Yongnian not only advocated the compilation of Sikuquanshu, but also made great contributions to it.

In the 40th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Zhou Yongnian was recommended by Liu Tongxun, a great scholar, for his long cherished hope. He was recruited as a compilator, with the purpose of reforming the Imperial Academy. At that time, the academic circles were proud of it, and the domestic scholars wanted to make friends with each other. Siku library was set up in the 38th year of Qianlong. The compilation of Siku Quanshu started from the collation and collection of Yongle Dadian. Zhou Yongnian devoted a lot of effort to this issue and made outstanding contributions. According to Zhang Xuecheng's "Zhou Shuchang biezhuan", the officials of the library refused to search hard. They chose Yi as their contribution, saying that there was no more book to compile. However, because Zhou Yongnian was stubborn, he thought that there was still a lot of work to do. His helpless colleagues had no choice but to "entrust the book to Chang". Zhou Yongnian was not afraid of hardship, and "no time went by without wind and rain, no matter how cold or hot, his eyes were filled with nine thousand volumes, including ten thousand volumes It is of great value to compile more than ten lost books, such as Gongshi, gongfei, etc. In addition, according to the Yongle Dadian, it also made up for the defects and mistakes. In the largest and most fruitful collection and collation activity in Chinese history, Zhou Yongnian, regardless of fame and wealth, just "wanted to do his usual views and express his legacy". His spirit of hard work and his song and Yuan legacy will remain in the annals of history forever!

Character contribution

According to Li Ciming, although Ji Yun and Lu xixiong had their own works, Dai Zhen wrote the synopsis of the classics, Shao Jinhan wrote the synopsis of the history, and Zhou Yongnian wrote the synopsis of the subcompartments. This division of work is based on each person's academic expertise.

Zhou Yongnian was appraised in the draft of Qing Dynasty history: "the four departments of military, agricultural and celestial arithmetic, which were highly praised and ridiculed by the same library, had cross checked the essence and meaning." In the biography of Mr. Zhou, GUI Fu also said: "Mr. Zhou's words can be seen in the book of Shi Bai's words, and the general meaning should be taken into consideration For all the lost books compiled from Dadian, the one who compiled them is the one who wrote the synopsis. From the investigation of the collection of rare books in Wuying hall, we can see that the synopsis of Pengcheng collection and Fuxi collection were also written by Zhou Yongnian. In addition, according to Mr. Chen Yuan's textual research, there are 13 descriptions of Shijia in Siku synopsis, 12 of which have few errors. Zhou Yongnian also compiled them, because Zhou Yongnian was very familiar with Buddhist works since he was young.

Zhou Yongnian was a great scholar, and his articles were the best of his time. However, he had too high a vision and too modest. He claimed that he was clumsy and did not keep the manuscripts. Therefore, today we can see that his works are very few, so many people did not know that he had done so much work in the process of compiling Sikuquanshu. The ancients attached great importance to reality and did not seek fame. They also gave a warning to today's society, where academic experts are flying all over the world and academic monographs are rampant.

Collection story

Scholars and book collectors in Qing Dynasty. It's also called Linji mountain people. His ancestral home is Yuyao, Zhejiang, and he moved to Licheng, Shandong. In 1771, Jinshi, Shao Jinhan, Cheng JinFang, Dai Zhen and other scholars studied Siku Quanshu, changed the Imperial Academy to be a good scholar, and gave them editing and editing. In 1779, he was the Deputy examiner of Guizhou provincial examination. When I was in Siku library, I checked the essence of Siku, Bing, Nong, Tian, Suan and Shu, which was highly valued by my colleagues in the library. Since Song and Yuan Dynasty's posthumous documents were mostly included in Yongle Dadian, more than 10 of them were extracted and compiled, all of which were not seen before. His family has a rich collection of books. He was impressed by "Cao's Library" and "Shi daocang". He built "Lin Jishan house" and "Shuixi library". Among them, he collected 100000 volumes of ancient and modern books for people to read and copy. He also asked Guifu to buy a field to set up a "Book Garden", in which a Taiwan was set up to offer sacrifices to Fu Sheng, a master of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty. "Those who take advantage of the book garden are also determined to become prosperous. As a result, the book garden is full of food and clothing, and has nearly 100000 books. It is not selfish, so it is famous for its books. If you borrow, you can borrow. GUI Fu also has a biography of Mr. Zhou Yongnian, which says that he "always returns to Mr. Zhou when he gets a book, and he always accumulates 50000 volumes". Shen Qiyuan records that he "has no hobby but only likes books. He has compiled the catalogue of Shuixi library, the catalogue of jishuyuan and the catalogue of jishuyuan, and has recorded more than 3000 kinds of books. Zhang Xuecheng and Shao Jinhan visited their collection. Zhang Xuecheng's another biography of Mr. Zhou Shuchang has a detailed account of his editing and proofreading of ancient books in sikuguan. There are thousands of volumes in the collection of Er Shi's hundred books. In order to support Li Tiaoyuan's printing of Hanhai, he borrowed 30 kinds of transcripts, which he asked for many times but did not return. In view of the fact that Cao Xuequan wanted to imitate Taoist and Buddhist collections in Ming Dynasty, and his book "Ru Zang" failed, "Cao Nengshi's discussion on" Ru Zang "has never been reached by book collectors since ancient times, and should also be the public wish of those who have minds all over the world"; therefore, his book "Ru Zang Shuo" focuses on his academic thoughts, which is a great change in the concept of book collection. He believes that "the book, so carry the road to record things, benefit people's mind also." So he actively advocated the circulation and circulation of books. He pointed out that in the past, public and private collection of books could not be preserved for a long time. He sighed: "one place of collection can not be stored in the world; one time of collection can not be stored in the world." Therefore, he put forward the idea of public Confucianism and Tibet, traveled all over the country, encouraged teachers and friends, and publicized the benefits of Confucianism and Tibet. His thought of public Confucianism has made an important contribution to the enrichment and development of Classical Library Science. He claimed to be clumsy and did not keep manuscripts or write books, except for 18 chapters in the book "Ru Zang Shuo".

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Yong Nian