Mrs. Qi

Mrs. Qi

Madame Qi (224 bc-194 BC), also known as Qi Ji, was born in Jiyin Dingtao (now Dingtao District, Heze City, Shandong Province) of the Western Han Dynasty, and Liu Bangchong Ji, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty. When Liu Bang was king of the Han Dynasty, he married Ding Tao Qi Ji, who was very fond of him. Qi Ji gave birth to Liu Ruyi. Prince Liu Ying is kind and cowardly. Gaozu thinks that he is not like himself. He often plans to abolish the prince and establish Ruyi instead, saying "Ruyi is like me.". Qi Ji often follows the emperor to go to Kanto, weeping day and night, hoping to make her son Prince. However, when LV Zhi was old, he often stayed in Guanzhong and seldom saw the emperor, so he became more and more alienated. Ruyi was granted the title of king of Zhao and stayed in Chang'an. On several occasions, Ruyi was almost made the crown prince. Fortunately, Gongqing ministers strongly opposed it. When shusuntong remonstrated, empress Lu adopted the strategy of staying in the Marquis, so she did not change the crown prince.

After Liu Bang died, Emperor Hui ascended the throne. Empress Lu became empress dowager, and ordered Mrs. Qi to be imprisoned in Yongxiang. She shaved her hair, tied iron hoops around her neck, put on the prisoner's red clothes, and let her pound rice for hard labor. Mrs. Qi was pounding rice while singing "Chung Ge". When empress dowager Lu heard this, she was furious and said, "do you still want to rely on your son?" Then poisoned Liu Ruyi, then cut off the hands and feet of Mrs. Qi, gouged out her eyes, smoked her ears, drank dummy pills, and threw her in the cave room, called "human *". Several days later, it was called Hui Wei to see "man *". Liu Ying knew that it was Mrs. Qi when she asked. She cried a lot. She got sick from then on and hasn't recovered for more than a year. Emperor Hui sent someone to the Empress Dowager and said, "it's not a human thing. As the son of the empress dowager, I can't govern the world after all. "

Life of the characters

Come from a famous family

According to the unearthed Han Dynasty cultural relic Qibo stele, Mrs. Qi's family was originally a descendant of the Zhou royal family with the Ji surname, and got the surname Qi because his grandfather Lin was granted the title of Qi. Mrs. Qi's brother "is the favorite of the time, especially into the Royal servants, Guanglu servants, prison camp Festival The royal family. " Mrs. Qi's family became a relative of the royal family of the Han Dynasty because of their contributions to the Han Dynasty. According to a textual research on the surnames of the hundred families, there was Qi gill in the Han Dynasty, the father of Mrs. Qi, the ancestor of the Gao Dynasty, who was granted Linyuan Marquis Qi Ji, Mrs. Qi's father, was a general of the Qin Dynasty. According to historical records, Gaozu's Chronicles: "at Danshui, gaowu's Ji and Xianghou's Mausoleum descended to Xiling." That is the Wei Wei Wang and the lieutenant Qi Ji in the book of Han. In the Han Dynasty, Wei Wei led the southern army to guard the palace city, and the lieutenant led the northern army to guard the capital. "General textual research of literature" says: "Qi gill is not the family of Mrs. Qi? Emperor Gao loved the king of Zhao. Qu Zhouchang and Mo Nian used Qi's own army to protect the king of Zhao At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Qi Ji was in charge of the northern army. Later, it was the northern army that killed zhulv with Zhou Bo.

Have a pet on the top

When Liu Bang was the king of Han Dynasty, he got the favor of Qi Ji, the Dingtao man, and gave birth to Liu Ruyi, the king of Zhao Yin. In her old age, empress Lu's face became old and she was not favored. Mrs. Qi was favored, and his son Ruyi almost replaced the crown prince several times. Zhou Chang once went into the palace to play music while Gao Di was resting. Gao Di was hugging Qi Ji. Seeing this, Zhou Chang turned around and ran. After catching up with him, Gao Di rode on Zhou Chang's neck and asked, "what kind of emperor do you think I am?" Zhou Chang straightened his neck, raised his head and said, "Your Majesty, you are the emperor like Xia Jie and Shang Zhou." Gao Di laughed, but he was most in awe of Zhou Chang. When Emperor Gaodi wanted to abolish the crown prince and make Ruyi, the son of Qi Ji, the crown prince, many ministers firmly opposed it, but it didn't work. In 196 B.C., Liu Bang was seriously ill. Mrs. Qi served the emperor day and night. Ruyi, the king of Zhao, was often held in front of the emperor. Liu Bang said, "after all, I can't let my son who doesn't have the tools live above my beloved son.".

Songs and dances of Chu

In 195 B.C., Liu Bang came back from defeating tsingbu's army. His illness became more serious and he wanted to replace the crown prince. After Zhang Liang's advice, the emperor would not listen to him. He would take care of his illness and no longer serve as a director. Taifu shusuntong quoted ancient and modern examples to persuade him to fight for the protection of the crown prince. The emperor pretended to agree to him, but still wanted to change the prince. When you are at leisure, you can set up a banquet with the prince waiting on you. Shangshan Sihao follows the prince, and Liu Bang is shocked. Four people toast, blessing has finished, small step quickly leave. The emperor saw them off, called Mrs. Qi over, pointed to the four men and showed them to her, and said, "I want to change the prince. The four of them help him. The prince's wings have been formed and it's hard to change. Empress Lu is really your master. " Qi Fu began to cry, and the emperor said, "you dance Chu dance for me, and I sing Chu songs for you." The emperor sang, "the Swan flies high and its wings soar thousands of miles. The wings are ready to fly all over the world. Flying all over the world, what can we do! Though there are short arrows, where to use them The emperor sang several times. Mrs. Qi sobbed and wept. The emperor got up and left. The banquet was over. The Emperor didn't change the crown prince in the end. It was the Marquis who led these four people to take effect.

Mother and son in danger

Ruyi, Qi Ji's son, became the king of Zhao at the age of 10. Liu Bang worried that if he died, the king of Zhao would be killed. After a while, Zhao Yao went to serve Gaozu. One day, Gaozu was not happy in his heart alone and sang elegantly. The man dynasty did not know why the emperor was like this. Zhao Yao came forward and asked, "emperor, the reason why you are depressed is because the king of Zhao is young, and Madame Qi and empress Lu are not at peace? Are you worried that King Zhao will not be able to protect himself after long live you? " Gaozu said, "yes. I'm very worried about this in private, but I can't do anything about it. " Zhao Yao said: "you'd better send a noble and powerful Prime Minister for the king of Zhao. This person must be respected by Empress Lu, the prince and other officials." Liu Bang followed Zhao Yao's advice and appointed Zhou Chang as the Prime Minister of Liu Ruyi, king of Zhao. And in "shouchi Prince Wen", he told Liu Ying: "I am seriously ill, so I worry about Ruyi mother and son, other sons can stand on their own, pity the child is too young." Later, Liu Bang was very ill again, and some people slandered fan Kuai for forming a party with the Lu family. If the emperor died one day, fan Kuai would lead the army to kill all the people like Mrs. Qi and King Ruyi of Zhao. When Gaozu heard about it, he was furious and immediately ordered Chen Ping and Zhou Bo to go to the army to behead fan Kuai. Finally, he gave up because of Liu Bang's death.

Confinement forever Lane

After Liu Bang's death, Empress Dowager Lu was very angry with the concubines such as Mrs. Qi, who were so lucky to serve emperor Gaozu, so she imprisoned them and did not allow them to go out of the palace. Because of the rarity of Gaozu, Boji was able to go out of the palace and follow her son to the state of Dai, becoming the Empress Dowager. Empress Lu resented Madame Qi and her son king Zhao the most, so she ordered Madame Qi to be imprisoned in Yongxiang and called King Zhao to the capital. The emissary went back and forth several times. Zhao xiangjianping and Hou Zhouchang said to the emissary, "emperor Gao entrusted the king of Zhao to me. The king of Zhao is still young. It is said that the Empress Dowager resents Mrs. Qi and wants to summon King Zhao to kill him. I dare not send him back. Besides, the king of Zhao is also ill and can't go by imperial edict. " Empress Lu was so angry that she sent for Zhao Xiang to come to the capital. When Zhao Xiang was called to Chang'an, he sent for the king of Zhao. "Biography of Waiqi" in Hanshu records that Madame Qi wrote a song of Madame Qi when she was imprisoned in Yongxiang: "son is king, mother is slave, pounding rice all day long, often accompanied by death! Three thousand miles apart, who can tell you? " Madame Qi's song has an important position in the history of literature. The following four sentences are the first five character poems recorded in the official history. Mrs. Qi is full of sorrow and melancholy in her poem, but no one can tell her son who is thousands of miles away. How she wished someone could help her out of this endless sea of suffering! She's shouting, she's asking for help, and that's the only way she can do it.

King Zhao killed

Emperor Xiaohui was a kind man. Knowing that the Empress Dowager was angry, he personally went to the overlord to meet the king of Zhao. He went back to the palace with the king of Zhao to eat and live with him. The Empress Dowager wanted to kill King Zhao, but she couldn't find a chance. In December of the first year of emperor Xiaohui, Emperor Xiaohui went out shooting in the morning. King Zhao was too young to get up early. When the Empress Dowager heard that King Zhao was alone at home, she sent someone to give him poisoned wine. By daybreak, when Emperor Xiaohui came back, King Zhao was dead. However, it is recorded in miscellaneous records of Xijing that Liu Ruyi was strangled: "emperor Hui tried to sleep with King Zhao. Empress Lu wanted to kill it but didn't get it. After the emperor early hunting, the king can not be Su Xing. Empress Lu ordered the powerful man to be hanged and killed, and then to die. Empress Lu didn't believe me. It's a great gift to a man of strength to hold it in a green bag and carry it in a small cart. Li Shi was a servant outside the gate of Dongguo. The emperor and empress knew it and cut it off. I don't know after that. "

The coolness of human *

The queen mother cut off Mrs. Chiu's hands and feet, dug out her eyes, burned her ears with fire, and gave her a dumb pill, so that she could live in a pigsty and set up a name "Ren *". After a few days, let Xiao Hui * go to see the man. When Emperor Xiaohui saw it, he found out that it was Mrs. Qi after inquiry, so he burst into tears. He got sick and couldn't get up for more than a year. He sent someone to see the Empress Dowager and said, "this is not what people do. As the son of the empress dowager, I can't govern the world after all. " From then on, Emperor Xiaohui drank wine every day and did not listen to the court, so he was ill. Liu Chang, the adopted son of empress Lu, reproached empress Lu and tried her for three crimes after Zhu Lu was destroyed. One of them was that "empress Lu, the king of Zhao, was innocent, but empress Lu deliberately killed them, and the Marquis Biyang did not try his best to dissuade them. This is the second crime." It is a public opinion of ancient and modern people that Mrs. Qi was wronged and died miserably. Shichen said: "grief! In ancient Chu * king, there was a calumny with Zheng sleeve to cover his nose, which was called "vicious" in ancient times.

Character evaluation

General comments

Mrs. Qi can be favored by Liu Bangshi

Chinese PinYin : Qi Fu Ren