Yao Xie

Yao Xie

Yao Xie (1805-1864) was named Meibo, Fuzhuang, dameishan, shanghusheng, moubo, dameishan, FUWENG, fudaoren, Yeqiao, donghaisheng, etc. he was born in yaojiadou, Chongqiu Township, Zhenhai County, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province (now xiashao Township, Beilun District, Ningbo City). His ancestral home is Zhuji, Zhejiang Province. He was a writer and painter in the late Qing Dynasty.

Daoguang taught all his life with his works. His academic research covers many fields, such as history, geography, Taoism, drama, novel, Redology, poetry, painting and calligraphy. At the age of five, he wrote ten thousand poems in his life. He is also good at drawing figures, flowers and birds, especially the ink plum, known as "Mr. Damei".

His works include Fu Zhuang Shi Wen, Fu Zhuang Pian Li Wen Zhan, Shu Ying Lou Ci, Jin Le Kao Zheng, Hong Lou Meng program, tui Hong Shan, Mei Xin Xue, Ku Hai Hang, etc. his works include Jin Yue Fu Xuan, Huang Chao Pian Wen Lei Yuan, etc. his works are handed down as Da Mei Shan Guan Ji.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Yao Xie was born in Hetang, Xiejia County, Zhenhai County, Zhejiang Province in 1805. His grandfather Yao Yun wrote a collection of poems, which is quite famous in local literature. His father Yao Cheng was a scholar in the county school. He once worked in the Yongju Bureau of Zhenhai Township, and his family was very poor. Yao Xie once had a self account of "five generations of scholars, simple, honest and suitable". Yao Yun invited local scholars to "xiaoyouju" to drink, appreciate flowers and write poems every spring and autumn. Yao Xie grew up in the environment of poetry. Yao Xie was literate when he was one year old and able to write poems when he was five years old. His childhood poem "Denghua poem" was highly praised by his father's poetry friends. After that, he read a lot of books. Yao Xie was knowledgeable and versatile. He not only made great achievements in poetry, CI, parallel prose and other literary fields, but also studied the classics and history. He was good at painting and had a high level of appreciation of painting. He married at the age of 20. His wife Wu is from Wujin, Jiangsu Province. She was born in a poor family, and is hardworking. At the age of 22, he entered the county to study as a "Scholar". Since then, in the past ten years, he has often been wandering around the mountains and rivers in eastern Zhejiang, Northern Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu. He also participated in the Zhenhu chanting society founded by his friends Ye Yuanjie and Li Zhi in Ningbo. Together with Ye, Li and other poets, he often wrote poems and painted.

Ci Poetry

In 1833, Yao Xie's first collection of works Shu Ying Lou Ci was published. From then on, he became a famous scholar in Yongshang. Shuyinglou CI is a collection of 318 poems selected from more than 2000 poems written by him before the age of 29. The contents of the poems include painting, scenery, sending gifts, chanting things, imitating the ancients and so on. Generally speaking, Yao's Ci is narrow in content, but there are also some good CI with strong voice and emotion, such as "Shuying · collection of self inscriptions", "shuidiaotao · Taihu Lake Xiaodu" and "Qinyuanchun · presenting Liuxian"; there are also works with positive writing about folk labor and farmers' hard life, such as "maipitang · waterwheel". In art, Yao CI pays attention to the rhythm and rhetoric, the language is concise and beautiful, delicate and subtle, implicit and graceful, which can be said to be fascinating. There are many commentators on shuyinglouci, among which Liang Qichao's comments are basically in line with the reality. Liang's "looking south of the Yangtze River, drinking Hongzhen, discussing the hundred schools of Qingci" says: "the chicken dances in the mirror, and the shadow is self pity. Every fall from Wan Miaosheng, wild bridge buried in the unknown year. It's a new chapter. "

The imperial examination didn't go well

Although Yao Xie was a rich scholar, he was not satisfied in the imperial examination. After his mid-term examination in 1834, he was appreciated by Chen Yongguang and Xu Baoshan. In March of the next year, I went to Beijing to take part in the entrance examination of Chunwei. After the announcement, Yao Xie did not return home in time and stayed in Beijing to study and try again. After he failed in the second meeting examination, he no longer studied hard behind closed doors. Instead, he had frequent activities and made friends with many celebrities, such as Huang Juezi, the editor of Hanlin academy, pan Deyu, the famous poet and poeticist, Tang Peng, the head of Hubu, yuanwailang and Yushi, Zhang Jiliang, the famous poet of Qing Dynasty, and Wei Yuan, an important writer in the history of modern literature. When Yao Xie got together with these writers, poets and court ministers to drink and recite poems and essays, he made great progress in ideology, literature and art. After that, he went to Beijing many times to rush for the exam, until he failed to take the exam for the fifth time in the 24th year of Daoguang (1844).

Poor in the late days

Yao Xie wrote a lot of works in his life, and taught many students. He was famous and could be called a famous scholar in eastern Zhejiang. But scholars can't manage money. In middle age, they have a poor family and no livelihood. Because of the Opium War, the British invading army captured Beilun, and the whole family took refuge in Ningbo, which made their life more difficult. Xu Shidong wrote about Yao Xie's life in guimao, Daoguang: "I'm a guest in Hangzhou. It's said that a certain uncle (Yao Meibo) died, and I'm better than Guizhi. In the view of Guozhi, Fang was a Taoist and confessed. Smile at each other, hand notes "Yushu Jing" on tea, talk about Yao Xie's life was miserable when he lived in poverty as a Taoist priest.

Personal achievement

poetry

Yao xiesou is proud of his ability to write poems. He wrote poems at the age of five, never tired of his life, and wrote more than ten thousand poems. In his early years, Yao Xie paid attention to the spirit in his poems. He said to himself, "the past was a poem. He took yuan jianzhai's method and wrote it. He felt that it was interesting to express the spirit." At the age of 29, most of his poems about shuyinglou depict the love and scenery of the mountains. His writing is leisurely and his poems are gorgeous. This is probably the natural expression of his "youth forgetting to be restrained and avoiding rituals like a trap". Some of the landscape poems have certain artistic achievements, such as "Han Zhuang Ge boat in the Qixi Miscellaneous Poems": "Mulan oarzi lotus flower Town, after singing the red song, the air is cool at night. Smoke outside liusi Lake outside the water, Shan Mei Dan blue moon eyebrow yellow It is quite interesting to describe the moonlight on autumn night, which is his poetic style when he was young and didn't know how to feel. When he was 30 years old, he won the provincial examination. After that, he tried again and again. He could not get a job by studying hard, and his livelihood was difficult. He could not get rid of the hunger and cold of his wife and children by "going out for nine years in ten years". As a result, his "cold clothes can not be redeemed, and his bare hands can't make ends meet. My heart is like a crown of thorns, and I cry when I swallow it (two chapters of sitting at night to show my wife) there is no clothes and no food, and the East borrows from the west to "borrow more than a Dou from the neighbor, and the mouth is not enough for three days" (no rice line). When the environment changes, the mood changes, and the style of poetry changes. At that time, Yao Xie wrote poems "based on the ancient method, not a hidden", focusing on interest and allegory, and abandoning the poetic style of Xingling school. The author thinks that the poems of Shenyun school and Xingling school are lack of social significance. "Shi (Runzhang) and Wang (Shizhen) are all excellent poets. Later, there was a couple named yuan and Zhao It completely negates the poetry of Wang Yuyang's verve school and Yuan Zicai's spirit school. Although it is a bit extreme, it also shows that Yao Xie's poetry at that time could face the reality and contact the society better. Most of the poems in Fu Zhuang Shi Wen reflect the sufferings of the people. The poet thinks of himself and others, and writes many poems of social significance, such as "mourning the wild goose": "where are the wild geese on the sea? Flying up and down. Since Yun Shuofang was hungry, he wanted to support his life to the south. People in the South suffer from drought as if they were in the north, and asparagus in Jiangzhou are withered. The rich have corn barns, the poor have chickens and no land. Hoan'er was a poor soldier on the sea. If you are satisfied with your meat, you will be exiled in Jiangnan. It's too early for the wild geese to return. This poem reflects the actual situation of the invasion of foreign enemies, the corruption of the imperial government, the weakness of the country, the drought in the South and the flood in the north, the flood in the South and the crying of the hungry people in the Daoguang period. The poet compares "mourning wild geese" to the displaced victims and painfully writes out the sad sound of the times. This kind of gloomy, resentful and simple style of poetry is the keynote of Fu Zhuang Shi Wen. From "make a living I also tired, the road ahead Er He Yi, wind and snow rice Liang do, Guan River years not". (Wen Yan) such poems, the poet's feelings have been mixed with the suffering of the people. after the Opium War, the poet's mood became more excited and the poetic realm became more open. Every poem was full of anti imperialist and patriotic thoughts. In 1841, the British army captured Dinghai. Beilun, Ningbo, Cixi, Yuyao and Fenghua were all ravaged by the invading army. Yao Xie's family fled from Beilun to Ningbo, and their two sons were almost killed. When they arrived in Ningbo, the civil and military officials took the lead in escaping, and the British occupied Ningbo without injuring a single soldier. Yao Xie saw all kinds of tragic scenes on his way to escape. He was filled with righteous indignation and wrote many poems denouncing the aggressor's atrocities and reflecting the people's tragic experience, such as the ballad of catching husband: "the ghost of the city catching husband is like catching a prisoner, and his hand is split on the head of bumeng.". The room is secluded with locked nails, and it's hard for the man to escape when the nails are inserted into the wall. The board bed is dusty, the cow's blood is shy, and the ghost howls in the gap of the green lamp. When an official becomes a husband, he gives money to millet, but ghosts come to catch him and ask for money. He carries three thousand jin of water out of the morning and a cup of porridge in the evening. When the husband's family has no money to redeem him, he is the first wife in the prison. The wind sweeps the clothes, the hair is in disorder, the flying insects bite the collar, the knife cuts the skin, who will pity your throat! the description of the ferocity of the invaders and the misery of the people's life in the poem would not have been so specific and profound if it had not been for the poet's personal experience. Another kind of Yao Xie's poetry is a reflection of the heroic heroes who insisted on resisting and looked upon death as if they were going home in the Opium War, such as the second chapter of the five chapters of Wending Haicheng depression: the mirage rain moistens the army and the fierce wind pulls the general flag. Drink mud pity for a long time hungry, Mo Bi oath with danger. In the morning, the horse hisses, in the evening, the cloud falls. Hold the power of death with grace, and die with strength. It's very touching to describe the heroic soldiers' spirits of being exposed to the wind and rain, suffering from hunger, looking at death as if they were at home, and persisting in fighting. Yao Xie's late poetic style tends to be solemn and stirring, which is quite different from his early poems. Of course, it is closely related to the changes of Yao Xie's thoughts and feelings caused by the national and family difficulties.

traditional opera

Yao Xie has also made great achievements in the study of traditional Chinese opera. His two sister works, textual research of modern music and selected works of modern Yuefu, are proof of this.

Chinese PinYin : Yao Xie