Gao Qi
Gao Qi
Gao Qi (1336-1374), Han nationality, is a famous poet and writer in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Ji Di word, No. Cha Xuan, Changzhou (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) people. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in Qingqiu, Wusong. Gao Qi was gifted, learned, and proficient in poetry. Together with Liu Ji and Song Lian, he was known as the "three masters of poetry in the early Ming Dynasty". Together with Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben, he was known as the "four heroes of Wuzhong". At that time, critics compared them to the "four heroes of the early Ming Dynasty". It is also called "ten friends of Beiguo" as Wang Xing.
At the beginning of Hongwu Period in Ming Dynasty, he was appointed as the editor of national history of the Imperial Academy, and was appointed to teach the kings. When he was promoted to the right Minister of the Ministry of household, he could not accept his words. Wei Guan, the governor of Suzhou, was found guilty and punished for renovating his government at the site of Zhang Shicheng palace. Gao Qizeng wrote the Shangliang text of Jun Zhi, which has the four characters of "long pan Hu Ju". His works include Gao Tai Shi Da Quan Ji and Fu Zao Ji.
Personal profile
Gao Qi (1336-1374) was a poet in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Ji Di, Cha Xuan. Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) people. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in Qingqiu on the Bank of Wusong River. In the early Ming Dynasty, he was sent to the imperial court to compile the history of the Yuan Dynasty.
In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Zhu Yuanzhang proposed to appoint him as the right servant of the household department. He refused to go, and returned to Qingqiu to teach himself. The poem is based on the merits of many schools, without paranoia. But from the Han and Wei dynasties to the Song Dynasty, they died in their prime years and failed to create an independent style. The poems reflecting people's life are simple and true, full of life flavor. The works of hanging on the ancients or expressing the bosom repose deep emotion, and the style is vigorous and unrestrained. There are poetry anthology "Gao Tai Shi Da Quan Ji", "Fu Zao Ji" and CI anthology "Kou Bang Ji".
Life
Gao Qi was born in a rich family. His parents died when he was a child. He was alert in nature. He read books after reading them. He never forgot them for a long time. Zhang Yu, Xu Ben, song Ke and others often exchanged poems with each other, known as the "ten friends of Beiguo"; Song Lian and Liu Ji were known as the three great poets of the early Ming Dynasty; at the same time, Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben were known as the "four outstanding poets of Wuzhong", who were compared to the "four outstanding poets of the early Tang Dynasty". He was also one of the ten talents in the early Ming Dynasty.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and Zhang Shicheng was king according to Wu. Rao Jieshou, a provincial counsellor in Huainan, was a courteous and virtuous corporal in Wuzhong. Hearing of Gao Qicai's name, he sent people to invite him many times to become a guest of honor and a staff member. All the seats were filled with great scholars and scholars. Gao Qi was only 16 years old.
He hated officialdom. At the age of 23, he left for an excuse and took his family to his father-in-law Zhou Zhongda. He lived in seclusion in Qingqiu on the Bank of Wusong River, so he called himself qingqiuzi and wrote the song of qingqiuzi.
In the first year of Hongwu (1368) of Ming Dynasty, Gao Qi was summoned to the imperial court to teach the Imperial Academy to compile the history of the Yuan Dynasty.
Gao Qi was a lonely and honest man. His thoughts were based on Confucianism and influenced by Buddhism and Taoism. He was tired of government and did not envy fame and wealth;
In the autumn of 1370 in the third year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang proposed to appoint him as the right servant of the household department, but he refused to accept and was given the money back. However, Zhu Yuanzhang suspected that he wrote poems to satirize himself and hated him. After returning to Qingqiu, Gao Qi was self-sufficient in teaching and managing the land.
Wei Guan, the governor of Suzhou, repaired the old foundation of Fu Zhi, for which Gao Qi wrote Shangliang Wen. Because the old foundation of Fu Zhi was originally the site of Zhang Shicheng palace, someone falsely accused Wei Guan of being rebellious, and Wei was killed. Gao Qi was also killed, and he was beheaded.
Gao Qi wrote a large number of poems, including five collections and more than 2000 poems at the beginning, and later compiled fou Ming Collection with 937 poems. In the first year of Jingtai (1450), Xu Yong collected the remains and compiled them into 18 volumes of the complete works of Gao Taishi, which is now popular in the four part series. Gao Qi's Ci is compiled as "the collection of buckles" and the text is compiled as "the collection of Fu Zao", which is published in the world; the preface to Fengtai collection is preserved in "coral wood", which is the only existing paper commenting on Gao Qi's poetry in Jinling.
Related literature
Ming History
Gao Qi, Ji Di, from Changzhou. He is a learned worker. Zhang Shicheng lived in Qingqiu of Wusong River. Hong wuchu was recommended to work with Xie huizhao in the county to compile the history of the Yuan Dynasty. He was granted the title of editor of the national history of the Hanlin academy and the title of Professor Wang fuming. In the autumn of the third year, Emperor YuQue building, Qi and Hui were both in pairs, and promoted to the right servant of Qi's household department and the doctor of Hui's official department. Since he was young and didn't dare to shoulder the important task, Hui also insisted, but he saw Xu. The gold has been given back.
There is satire in the poem, but the emperor did not make it. And return, living in Qingqiu, teaching self-sufficiency. Wei Guan, the magistrate, moved his family to the county. He was very happy to see him overnight. He was reprimanded for reforming the government. The emperor saw Qi's Shangliang writing, and because he was angry, he cut his back in the city. He was nine years old in his thirties.
Yao Shan Tang waiji
In the early Ming Dynasty, there were many poets under Wu Dynasty. Qi, Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben were called four outstanding poets to match the Tang King, Yang, Lu and Luo Yun.
Rao Jiezhi was an official of the puppet Wu Dynasty. He was fond of literature. He heard that Gao Jidi was famous for his talent. He called him again and again, and then he was strong. Because he ordered the painting of bamboo and wood in Ni Yunlin, he actually tried it, and his rhyme was "Mu Lu Qu". Ji Di casually replied: "the master was not a dry wood, but a ladle of Xiaoxiang green. Over the yuan to cherish the wine in the bottle, drink from the drum without strings Rao was surprised. Ji Di didn't answer because of persuading him to be an official. He went there and hid Qingqiu. He was only 16 years old.
Rao Jiezhi asked Zhuyan to write the song of drunken woodcutter. Zhang Zhongjian was the first and Ji Di was the second. He gave Zhong Jian ten liang of gold and Ji Di three jin of platinum. Zhong Jiange said: "when there is a drunk woodcutter in the city of Dongwu, the side hair of the iron crown is rustling. What is the burden of the two shoulders? The pine is a wine ladle. He said that he lived in Huagai peak and traveled all over the world. It's no use learning to learn to read, but to drink. Guan and Le were originally Wang BaCai, while song and Qiao had their own smoke and haze. Holding Kungang White Jade axe, he once cut osmanthus trees in the moon. In the moon, the immortals don't hate me. They drink Dongting spring every now and then. Xing came to suck up the sea water, but he made coral firewood his salary. When I wake up, I meet Wang Zhi and watch chess on the stone. It's better to be drunk for three thousand days than to be immortal. Now that I am old, my name is empty, and I write poems everywhere to pay off my wine debt. The world is full of drunkenness and ink, and the light and thunder are strange at night. " (after a long time in Chengping's life, Zhang Hongxiu got only 500 yuan for each article he wrote.)
Gao Jidi did not marry in his 18th year. His wife, Zhou Zhongjian, was ill. Ji Di went to mourn. In Zhou's Lu Yan Tu, Ji Di wrote a Fu: "the west wind breaks the branches of grass flowers, and the good birds come to hang their feathers. The sand is broad, the water is cold, and the fish are gone Zhong Jian said with a smile, "it's the son who seeks the room." That is to choose a good wife.
Gao Jidi's "Ming Fei Ci" says: "my words are still handed down by the Guishi, and I don't need pity if I'm not captured. I hope you will not kill Mao Yanshou, but stay in the painting business and dream of being virtuous. "
Gao Jidi's "ditching ballad" says: "ditching is deep, and it's hard to find. It's 80 feet wide. Don't cry out if you don't have to dig a canal. The Yellow River has opened more than a thousand feet. You don't see, Jia Shangshu. "
Gao Jidi's "yiyuanqu" says: "Yang Zijin's head is in full swing, and Lang fan's sail is 300 Li. There are many wine bars in the river bridge and water gate. My daughter is Jiege mountain partridge. Wuchang West on baling Road, Wen Lang everywhere through good. When the cherries are ripe, who will sew the spring clothes? Murou empty asked Pipa Bu, want to return in Lang foot. Langxin pays more attention to profit than disturbance. He has less days at home and more travel. I can make Aconitum white today, but I can't make langxiu a guest. "
Gao Jidi's farewell to Hanshan Temple says: "the maple bridge looks at the green mountain in the west, and the temple covers its door to the Hanjiang River. The bell in the boat urges the passengers to get up, and the light in the tower shines on the monk's return. The fishing village is lonely, the smoke is near, the official roads are rustling, and the leaves are sparse. It must be remembered that the wine outside the city of Gusu is against you when it crows. "
When Gao Jidi was in Jinling, he ascended Nangang in the evening and looked at the palace of the capital city. He wrote a poem: "when the sun sets, he ascends to the capital, and looks at the capital city, and at the foot of Longpan mountain, he sees the dragon flying. The double towers of the cloud sky open the ecliptic, and the three palaces of the smoke trees connect the green. After hunting in autumn, the horses in Shayuan will return home in the evening. The Ming Dynasty wanted to offer the song of Shengping, but it also chased the immortal class into zanwei. "
It is also the tribute of Ryukyu and Japan. Today, the work of Hangzhou weaving bureau is similar. Gao Jidi's Xie Youren huidouluo quilt song says: "manwang breaks the ice silkworm cocoon and weaves a long quilt. Xie sews and shears it. Mengrong catkins do not worry about blowing, shop pressure high bed, soft night fragrance. Shuofeng enters the pass to wither the white elm, when it is cold, it should be used. When the light is blazing and the banquet is over, it's better to recommend the bed to be red. Haike sails for thousands of miles and gets it from Kunlun city. When I come back, I can see my love far away, just like a couple of mandarin ducks. The poet crane bone deceives frost ridge, once banned sleeping green silk. Since the body back to lie idle, only love paper with mountain monk. At present, it's so amazing that you can't step on it. Then I think of my dream with plum blossoms, quietly cover my cold window and listen to the wind and snow. Yue Luo Shu Jin'an can be used as usual, and the bridal chamber is filled with incense. Who knows, a picture of spring cloud warm, that is, gentle can fellow townsman
Gao Jidi's poem "Tibi peak" says: "clouds come thick like ink, and geese go back to words. What's the matter with all the books in a thousand years? " Ji Di's resignation to his servant did not worship his family, and he was suddenly killed by the party, which was also his prophecy. (Ji Di wrote shangliangzhang of Suzhou mansion, impeached by Zhang Du, the imperial censor, and abandoned cloud together with Wei Guan, the magistrate. )
Literary achievements
Gao Qi, together with Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben, was known as the "four heroes of Wuzhong" in his youth. In literature, Gao Qi is not only a genius, but also a "super imitation show" in the literary world. Ji Xiaolan praised Gao Qi in the summary of the general catalogue of Sikuquanshu, which is based on the poets of the Ming Dynasty. His poems are similar to those of the Han and Wei dynasties, the Six Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he returned to the right place after the practice of "making a great contribution". However, Gao Qi's literary thought advocated that the imitation should be taken from the Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties. This kind of imitation is not merely a mere formality and appearance, nor a simple copy and deletion. Instead, he started his family after learning from the ancients. He thought that "he should learn from all the superiors, imitate everything, and be in harmony with his heart at the right time, so that he can be well-known and free from the disadvantages of bigotry" (preface to Du'an Collection).
Gao Qi's greatest achievement in literature is that in the unfavorable environment of the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, the mainstream culture is romance, novels and operas
Chinese PinYin : Gao Qi
Gao Qi
