Ma Xinyi

Ma Xinyi

Ma Xinyi (1821-1870), named Gushan, Yanmen and tiefang, was a Hui nationality from Heze, Shandong Province.

In the 27th year of Daoguang (1847), he was a Jinshi in the examination. He successively served as magistrate of Jianping County, magistrate of Hefei County, governor of Anhui Province, governor of Anhui Province, governor of Zhejiang Province, governor of Liangjiang and Minister of Commerce. On July 26, 1870, Ma Xinyi was assassinated by assassin Zhang Wenxiang when he returned to the government. He died the next day at the age of 49. He became one of the four most famous cases in the late Qing Dynasty. The imperial court gave him a gift of compassion, a gift to the crown prince, a gift to the crown prince, and a gift to the commander of Qi and the commander of Yun Qi. He was named Duan min and was worshipped in the Xianliang temple. Jiangning, Anqing, Hangzhou and Haitang all built special ancestral temples for him, and some places also stipulated that officials should offer sacrifices in spring and autumn every year.

During his term of office, Ma Xinyi made some achievements in dealing with the malpractice of water transport, salt administration and river engineering, and began to reduce the burden of farmers, solved many livelihood problems, which was loved by the people.

Life of the characters

Tired of war

In the 27th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1847), Ma Xinyi was a Jinshi in the examination. He was the immediate magistrate of Anhui Province. He successively worked in Jianping and Hefei, and was famous for his diligence.

In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), the Taiping army attacked Anhui, and the north and south of the Huaihe River began to steal together. Ma Xinyi, who was the magistrate of Hefei, often practiced his army in preparation for resistance.

In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), Yuan Jiasan, the imperial minister, led his troops to attack the Taiping army which occupied Chaohu in Luzhou. Ma Xinyi led his troops to defeat the Taiping army which came to help, and then successively defeated the Taiping army which occupied shengjiaqiao, Sanhe Town and zhegao, and then conquered Luzhou. As a result of pacifying the Taiping army, he was promoted to the prefect of Luzhou and granted Hualing.

In 1857, Nien army and Taiping army joined forces to capture Taozhen, and divided forces to attack Shangpai River and xiapai river. Ma Xinyi defeated the enemy in Shucheng, and was appointed as a Taoist by the Ministry of officials for his meritorious service.

Dismissal after defeat

In 1858, Ma Xinyi was promoted to be an inspector general. Soon after, Chen Yucheng led the Taiping army to attack Luzhou. Ma Xinyi led the regiment to train the villagers to fight. The Taiping army broke through Luzhou from a remote path. Ma Xinyi's army was defeated and his official seal was lost, so he was dismissed by the imperial court.

In the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), Ma Xinyi's mother died. After he went home to mourn for Ding you, governor Weng Tongshu asked the imperial court to ask Ma Xinyi to continue to act as an envoy.

In 1860, Yuan Jiasan, the imperial minister, recommended Ma Xinyi to resume his official post.

All the way up

In 1861, Weng Tongshu recommended Ma Xinyi as an alternate Taoist priest. In the same year, because of his father's death, Ma Xinyi went home to mourn Ding you. After Ding you finished, Yuan Jiasan went to the imperial court to ask Ma Xinyi to go to the camp for military affairs.

In the first year of tongzhi (1862), Ma Xinyi followed yuan Jiasan to conquer Luzhou and defeated the Taiping Army in Wushan Temple of Shouzhou. Because of his meritorious service, Ma Xinyi was appointed as an envoy and acted as an envoy. Soon after, Miao Peilin rebelled, and Ma Xinyi followed Tang Xunfang, the governor, to defend Mengcheng, and repeatedly defeated the attacks of Miao Peilin's rebels.

In the second year of tongzhi (1863), Ma Xinyi was promoted to be an inspector general of Anhui Province because of his meritorious service, and soon to be a chief envoy.

Outstanding achievements

In the third year of tongzhi (1864), Ma Xinyi was promoted to governor of Zhejiang Province. At that time, Zhejiang Province had just recovered and the people's hardship had not been relieved. When Ma Xinyi arrived, he wrote to the imperial court to exempt the people from unpaid taxes.

In the fourth year of tongzhi (1865), Ma Xinyi wrote to the imperial court to reduce the extra taxes collected by the seven governments of hang, Jia, Hu, Jin, Qu, Yan and Chu. He also asked to abolish many exorbitant taxes and levies on water transport. The imperial court agreed to his request and set up a stone tablet to record that it would never be collected again. Ma Xinyi also presided over the construction of Haining stone pond and Shaoxing east pond, and dredged the Three River Estuary. Qihai is the home of thieves. Ma Xinyi sent troops to clear it and captured its leader alive. Ma Xinyi was kind to the scholars and restored the academies. He regarded all the scholars who studied as their children and rewarded the excellent with money. After the flood in Yanzhou and Shaoxing, Ma Xinyi exempted taxes to relieve the poor. Taizhou people are fierce, and there are often affray. Ma Xinyi wrote: "local officials are afraid of punishment, so they look forward to it and want to calm it down quietly. Please order those who hide and don't report to be impeached and punished in the future. Those who just neglect the supervision can be forgiven, but they still need to arrest and punish the people who make trouble." the emperor handed the matter over to the relevant departments after seeing it Proposed implementation. At that time, there was a forbidden area called Nantian in Xiangshan and Ninghai, which was hundreds of miles away. Qiu Caiqing, a local bandit around the sea, had been hiding in the area for many years but had not been arrested. After Ma Xinyi's proposal was implemented, the local government sent officers and soldiers to arrest Qiu Caiqing and others and bring them to justice. Thus, Nantian was settled. Huang Yan's general just went out to sea to catch pirates and was killed by them. His deputy general Zhang qiguang and others killed more than 50 pirates. The court punished Ma Xinyi for failing to prevent him. At the junction of Jiaxing, Huzhou and Suzhou, there are water towns. When the Taiping army made trouble, the local people put guns on the boats, which are called "gun boats". After a long time, they began to gather people to gamble and plunder, becoming the victims of the people. Ma Xinyi, together with Guo boyin, governor of Jiangsu Province, captured his leader and decapitated dozens of ferocious men before the damage of gunboats was eliminated. Soon he was promoted to governor of Fujian and Zhejiang.

In August of the seventh year of tongzhi (1868), Ma Xinyi was transferred as governor of Liangjiang and Minister of Commerce. After Ma Xinyi took office, he went up to memorialize and said, "the soldiers and horses under my rule are very weak, and they are not enough to protect the territory and the people. Please allow me to select 2500 troops from each battalion to garrison Jiangning and train them myself. " With the approval of the imperial court, Ma Xinyi organized the selected 2500 people into five battalions, and ordered Liu Qifa, the chief soldier, to lead the search and arrest of offenders, thus reducing the number of offenders. Suqian set up two tax gates, water and drought, while huaiguan set up a sub gate in jiangba, which disturbed the merchants in the past. Ma Xinyi wrote on the memorial: "jiangba is under the jurisdiction of fengyangguan in Anhui Province, huaiguan is far away from Hongze Lake, so it should not be set as Zikou. Huaiguan should be allowed to state the old rules and prohibit extortion. It's not an old rule in Suqian, and the tax collected is very small. Please abolish it, and only the tax collected by Shuiguan. " The court agreed to his request. The bandit Gao GUI and others invaded and plundered the villages at the junction of Shandong and Jiangsu. Ma Xinyi captured them and executed them.

Anqing teaching plan

In August of the eighth year of tongzhi (September of 1869), a notice about the demolition of the church appeared near the examination hall of Anqing courtyard. On September 30 (November 3, 1869), the British missionaries, MI Daosheng and Wei Shengsheng, who had been hated by the Anqing people for buying houses at a low price to rebuild the church, went to the government to ask for the investigation and distribution of the posters. The masses and civil and military examinees angrily stopped and destroyed the British and French missionaries' houses. The secret Taoist students and Wei Shengsheng fled to the Yamen for help. The French priest Han Shizhen fled by boat overnight, and the Anqing religious case happened.

After the Anqing case, the French government instructed Luo Shuya, the French Minister in China, to protect Catholicism by force. In Shanghai, Luo Shuya ordered the commander of the Mody navy to mobilize the warships Venus, diplex, cortrogon, scorpion, aspick and flame to form an expedition team to gather in Xiaguan, Nanjing along Jiangxi Province. Facing the critical situation, Ma Xinyi, the commander-in-chief of the two rivers, knew that the "paijiao" incident was serious. As a strategy to slow down the military, he offered to provide Luo Shuya and the naval officers with a luxury hotel as a guest house. But Luo Shuya refused, saying that she would rather live in the residence of the bishop of Notre Dame Church in Nanjing. That night, Luo Shuya, French admiral and French consul general visited Ma Xinyi under the protection of the soldiers. Later, the two sides held formal talks, and the French side proposed to compensate the missionaries in Anqing for their losses. The Qing government was asked to allocate a large area of ownerless land in the city. And punish the culprits according to law. As for the murderers who persecute the believers, they should be punished according to law.

The Qing government asked Ma Xinyi and yinghan to close the case quickly. Finally, the two signed the Nanjing agreement with Britain and France, and agreed to all Luo Shuya's demands; the French side immediately sent a priest to Anqing to receive compensation for the land; Ma Xinyi sent another representative to Jiande to investigate the criminals and supervise the implementation. Ma Xinyi also put up notices in various prefectures and counties in the south of the Yangtze River, admitting that the British and French missionaries "have the right to rent and buy land for their own convenience" in various provinces, severely denouncing the troublemakers in Anqing and Jiande, and stating that if anyone dares to commit a crime again, "they will be punished severely according to the law.".

be assassinated

On July 26, 1870, Ma Xinyi went to the arrow road on the west side of the official office to check the soldiers' archery practice. After that, he walked back to the official office. As soon as he got to the door, a man named Zhang Wenxiang rushed out from the side, pretending to be suing. After he got close to him, he suddenly pulled out a knife to stab Ma Xinyi, and stabbed Ma Xinyi under the armpit. The next day, Ma Xinyi died of serious injury. Kuiyu, the general of the governor general, reported the matter to the imperial court. The imperial court was shocked and mourned, and gave him a compassionate gift, a gift to the crown prince, a gift to the crown prince, and a posthumous title to duanmin. The court ordered Kuiyu, the general of the governor, to examine Zhang Wenxiang severely. Zhang Wenxiang's confession was changed repeatedly. To Wang Shurui, please find out the main emissary. The court ordered Zhang Zhiwan, the governor of water transport, to hold a joint trial. Kuiyu and Zhang Zhiwan finally gave a confession to the effect that: "Zhang Wenxiang used to be a Taiping army, and later secretly connected with pirates. When Ma Xinyi was the governor of Zhejiang Province, he killed the pirates in Nantian. Most of Zhang Wenxiang's accomplices were killed and his wife was kidnapped. When Ma Xinyi went to Ningbo for a military parade, Zhang Wenxiang submitted a complaint, but it was not accepted. Therefore, he held a grudge. No one ordered him to be convicted of treason. " The court also sent Zheng dunjin, Minister of the Ministry of punishment, and Zeng Guofan, the new governor of Liangjiang, to review the case. Zhang Wenxiang was convicted of secretly communicating with pirates to seek revenge, and Zhang Wenxiang was sentenced to death

Chinese PinYin : Ma Xin Yi