Yuefu in Han Dynasty

Yuefu in Han Dynasty

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Yuefu in the Han Dynasty refers to the Han Dynasty poetry which was collected and preserved by the Yuefu system of the imperial court or the music management organ equivalent to the function of Yuefu.

brief introduction

Yuefu used to be the official office in charge of music in the Han Dynasty. Because it was specialized in collecting and arranging folk songs, later generations used Yuefu as the folk songs and lyrics. In the Six Dynasties, "Yuefu" and "ancient poetry" were more clearly combined to distinguish the two types of poetry, namely, the poetry of entering music and the poetry of allegorical chanting. After the song and Yuan Dynasties, "Yuefu" was also borrowed as an elegant name for CI and qu. "Yuefu" has two meanings, one is the name of ancient music official, the other is a poetic name. Yuefu Poetry of the two Han Dynasties refers to the poetry of the Han Dynasty, which was collected and preserved by the Yuefu system of the imperial court or the music administrative organ equivalent to the function of Yuefu. Yuefu was a permanent Music Management Department of the imperial court before Ai Di of the Western Han Dynasty. The chief executive was the order of Yuefu, which was subordinate to Shaofu and one of the sixteen orders under the jurisdiction of Shaofu. In the Western Han Dynasty, the imperial court was also responsible for the management of music. Yuefu and Taile belong to two systems in administration. At first, there was a clear division of labor in function. The music of suburban temple in charge of Taile is an ancient and elegant music handed down from the previous generation. It is not traditional ancient music, but a popular tune with Chu sound as the main part. In addition, Liu Bang's dafengge, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, was sung with Chu's voice when sacrificing to peigongyuan temple, which was also managed by Yuefu organs. In the Western Han Dynasty, from Huidi to Wenjing, there are mainly two kinds of Yuefu Poems recorded.

Yuefu and Yuefu Poetry

The rise and fall of Yuefu

The expansion and development of Yuefu in the Western Han Dynasty was in the period of Emperor Wu It was established in Yuefu, collected poems and recited at night. It was eulogized by Zhao, Dai, Qin and Chu. Taking Li Yannian as the commander of Xielu, and taking Sima Xiangru and other dozens of people as the poems and Fu, this paper makes a brief discussion on LV, and makes a song of 19 chapters in the tone of eight tones. In the first month of the lunar calendar, he used sweet spring to circle the hill, and made 70 children and 70 men and women sing together. They fainted until the Ming Dynasty The function of Yuefu was further strengthened during the reign of Emperor Wu. It not only organized the literati to create the poems used by the imperial court, but also extensively collected the Ballads from all over the country. Many folk songs are sung in Yuefu, and have been handed down. The Yuefu Poems created by the literati are no longer limited to the banquet, just like the song of an Shi Fang Zhong. They are also sung at the time of sacrificing to heaven, and the status of Yuefu Poems is obviously improved. According to the records in the book of Han Dynasty, there were three Chengs under the order of Yuefu in the reign of Emperor Wu. According to records of rites and music of the Han Dynasty, by the end of emperor Cheng, there were more than 800 musicians in Yuefu, which became a large-scale music institution. More than 100 years from Emperor Wu to Emperor Cheng was the prosperous period of Yuefu. After emperor AI ascended the throne, he issued an imperial edict to ban the Yuefu officials and cut down a large number of Yuefu personnel, leaving some of them under the jurisdiction of the Taile order. Since then, there was no Yuefu system in the Han Dynasty.

Collection of Yuefu Poems

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were two systems in charge of music. One was the Taiyu Music Department, and the chief executive was Taiyu music order, which was equivalent to the Taiyue order of the Western Han Dynasty and belonged to Taichang Qing. One is Huangmen advocacy department, which is under the charge of Chenghua Ling and belongs to Shaofu. Huangmen's advocacy has been known since the Western Han Dynasty, and it has a very close relationship with Yuefu. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Huangmen propaganda department, which was under the charge of Cheng Hualing, provided songs and poems for the emperor's banquet officials. In fact, it played the role of Yuefu in the Western Han Dynasty. The Yuefu Poems in the Eastern Han Dynasty were mainly collected and sung by the Huangmen Propaganda Department, so they were preserved.

Classification of Yuefu Poems

Songs of suburban Temple

Suburban Temple Songs: mainly composed by noble scholars for sacrifice, gorgeous and elegant, without any ideological content.

Songs of encouragement

Guchuquci: also known as short Xiao naoge, is the northern music introduced from the Northern Nationality in the early Han Dynasty. The lyrics were later supplemented, and the content was complex. It is mainly folk creation.

Xianghe songs

Xianghe lyrics: music is folk music from all over the world, and lyrics are mostly "street Ballads". Many excellent works are the cream of Han Yuefu.

Miscellaneous songs

Zaqu lyrics: most of the tunes are unknown. Because there is no classifiable, it is of its own kind. There are some excellent folk songs in it.

Content classification

The social situation of uneven happiness and hardship and the disparity between the rich and the poor

In describing the Yuefu Poems of the Western Han Dynasty, the Hanshu Yiwenzhi wrote: "since the establishment of Yuefu by filial piety and martial arts, the folk songs were adopted, which led to the eulogy of the dynasties and Zhao, and the style of the Qin and Chu. They all feel sad and happy, and they all come from things. " The Yuefu Poems of the two Han Dynasties are written by the main body with strong pertinence. It is the specific events in daily life that stimulate the enthusiasm and Inspiration of the writers of Yuefu Poems. What the Yuefu Poems show is the sensitive issues that people are generally concerned about, which shows the bitterness and happiness, love and hate, and the attitude towards life and death in that era. the writers of Yuefu Poems in the Han Dynasty came from different social strata, and the poets' writing style went deep into all aspects of social life. Therefore, the disparity between the rich and the poor, the bitterness and happiness of the social members were fully reflected in the poems. In Xianghe's songs, dongmenxing, fubingxing and orphan Xing all express the sufferings of the common people, and they are the groans from the bottom of the society. In some families, there is no rice storage in the Ang, and there is no hanging clothes on the shelf, which forces the hero to pull out his sword and take the road of resistance. (dongmenhang) some women are sick for years, and when they are dying, they entrust their children to their husbands. After the sick women die, their husbands have to beg along the street, and the orphans cry for their mothers at home. There are also stories about orphans being maltreated by their brothers and sisters. (orphan walk) these works reveal the economic poverty and hard work of the common people, and show their spiritual pain and emotional suffering through the dialogue, action and inner monologue of the characters. After making the final choice, the hero of dongmenhang has to give up the love between husband and wife and the love between children. The dialogue between husband and wife is a scene of life and death. In Fu Bing Xing, the dying will of the sick woman is bitterly sad, while the guilt and sadness of the husband's inability to support the orphan also permeate between the lines. As for the orphans in the orphan's journey, because they can't bear the inhuman treatment, they even have the idea that life is not like death. At a young age, they have completely lost confidence in their fate. The Yuefu Poems of the Han Dynasty, when expressing the sufferings of the common people, took into account the hunger and cold of the material life and the severe trauma of the spiritual and emotional world. What is particularly valuable is that the author of the poem deeply sympathizes with these poor people who are struggling on the line of death, and appeals for the misfortune of the lower class with compassion. The three poems in Xianghe's songs, Jiming, xiangfengxing and Changan youxianxixing, are quite different from dongmenxing. They show a totally different scene from the suffering world and bring people to another world. The basic content of these three poems is the same, and they all take the rich and noble family as the object of expression; the words and sentences of the three poems are also repeated, and they were originally from the same mother. Like a tour guide, the author of "a journey to meet each other" introduced people to the house twice. For the first time, I saw gold as the door and white jade as the hall. There were sprinklers on the hall, famous envoys, osmanthus trees in the atrium, and bright Chinese stirrups. The second time I saw Yuanyuan in a line, the crane crowing, the two women weaving cotton, and the little woman singing. This poem not only exaggerates the wealth of the master, but also points out his noble status: "two or three brothers, the son is the servant." It's a rich and expensive family, and it's very valuable. Gold as the door, white jade as the hall, is the symbol of Fulong king, not the general rich, but rich. The Chamberlain is the imperial palace guard official or the emperor's right and left attendants. He is a trusted courtier of the emperor. His special status is not comparable to that of ordinary court officials. Ji Ming and Chang'an you Xie Xing fully exaggerate the prominent position of the object of expression, either saying: "four or five brothers are all serving Zhonglang" or saying: "the eldest son is two thousand stones, and zhongzi is filial and honest.". I have no official position, and I am an official in Luoyang. " In the poem, the rich family is not only an official, but also a couple of brothers who are officials at the same time. The official position is not limited to a servant with a salary of 400 stone, but a high official with a rank of 2000 stone. The author of the two poems "meet each other" and "Chang'an has a narrow and oblique line" exaggerates the rich and noble family with the style of appreciation, while the poem "Jiming" warns the rich and powerful families not to act recklessly, so as not to violate the criminal law. The above-mentioned three poems show the atmosphere of the rich and noble home, which is a model for the creation of ancient Chinese literature, and later many similar works are based on it. Gold is the door and white jade is the hall. In a dream of Red Mansions, it evolved into Jia's "white jade is the hall and gold is the horse". As for the paragraph of sanfuzhimianguse, it is divided separately, named "sanfuyan", which appears frequently in ancient Yuefu Poems, and becomes a symbol of rich and noble family, and accumulates into a symbol with specific meaning. the Yuefu Poems, which show the sufferings of the common people and the luxury of the rich and noble families, are included in Xianghe's songs, which form two pictures with sharp contrast. On the one hand, they are hungry and cold, struggling on the line of death; on the other hand, they are luxurious and luxurious, and they don't know there are worries in the world. On the one hand, they can't support their own wives and children, on the other hand, they have many wives and concubines, and they also feed a large number of waterfowls. The objective effect of these two groups of Yuefu Poems is to guide readers to travel through heaven and hell, and to appreciate the bipolar world of wealth and happiness.

Love and hate between the sexes

Han dynasty

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